25.3 Those that Fought

Main IdeaBoth the Union and Confederate soldiers endured many hardships serving in the army during the Civil War.

Why It Matters NowThe hardships endured led to long lasting bitterness on both sides.

Standards 8.10.5 Study the lives of leaders (e.g.,

Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee) and soldiers on both sides of the war, including black soldiers and regiments.

8.10.6 8.10.7

Daily Guided Questions

1.What kind of people made the armies of both the Union and Confederate troops?

2.What conditions did soldiers endure every day and in prison camps?

3.What were some of the new technologies created during the Civil War that led to new war tactics?

Who’s Fighting• Men between the ages of 18-30 years old.-4000 soldiers were younger then 16 years old.-There was a soldier that was 11yo and another was 83 yo. • Over half are farmers.• Many are foreign born immigrants.-Irish, Germans, 15 different languages spoken.• Broke up families, brother against brother.-Many fighting on opposite sides.

• African Americans want to fight.-Not Allowed• Native Americans fought on both sides of

the war.

Union Troops/ Stars and Stripes• Over two million men fought for the Union.-Many were volunteers, seeking adventure and glory.-Whole towns would sign up.-Recruitment money.• Wore blue uniforms.-Low supply of equipment and shoes.

Confederate Troops/ Bars and Stars

• Over 1 million soldiers volunteered.

• Joined for the same reasons as the North.

• Fighting to protect a way of life.

• Wore gray.-Worse supplied.-Took from the dead to supply.

CSA C.S.A

Camp Life• 3/4 of the time in camps.• Training and drilling (up to ten hours).• Lived in canvas tents.-Housed 2-20 men.-Winter living in log cabins (sometimes).-Stood guard, wrote home, hunted, or gathered firewood.• Given rations.-Beef or salted pork, flour, vegetables, and coffee.

-Hardtack

Harsh Conditions• Miserable or muddy.• Lack of clean water.-Weeks without bathing or washing.-Covered in fleas and lice.• Poor hygiene.• Disease.• Starvation.• Exposure.

POWs, Prisoners of War• 10% of soldiers died in prison camps, about

50,000.-Many held 2x or 3x as many that the camps were built for.-Fed bread and water.-Many ate rats to survive.• Andersonville (GA) and Elmira (NY) were the

worst.-100 soldiers died a day.

New Technology• Industrial warfare.• New rifles and cannons.-Rifling, grooved barrel made the bullet to spin.-Could be loaded faster and more accurate.• Minie ball- lead bullet with hollow base.• Ironclads- Warships covered in iron.-CSA Virginia (Merrimack), USA Monitor• Trench warfare.

Cont.

• Telegraph-Used for communications.• Railroad-Transporting of troops and supplies.

Minie Ball

Women and the War• Some disguised themselves as men to fight.-Some 400 did.• Spies• Took care of family farms and businesses.• Worked factories toward the war effort.• Some 10,000 were battle field nurses.-Clara Barton, “Angel of the Battlefield.”

-One day will form the American Red Cross.

Primary/Secondary Sources

• Read the primary source on page 636, Robert E. Lee, Letter to His Sister. Make sure you read everything on the page and answer the questions at the end.

• Next, read the short biography of Robert E. Lee and answer the questions.

Study Guide pg. 173

• Copy and complete the study guide that is on page 173.• Use your notes or textbook pages

386-391 to finish it.