255 bp-doe study
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Resource Characterization and Quantification of Natural Gas-Hydrate andAssociated Free-Gas Accumulations in the Prudhoe Bay Kuparuk River
Area on the North Slope of AlaskaRobert B. Hunter, [email protected], (907)-564-5733
Scott A. Digert, [email protected], (907) 770-8072BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc.
P.O. Box 196612Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6612
Mary Poulton, [email protected], (520) 621-8391Robert Casavant, [email protected], (520) 626-3785
Charles Glass, [email protected], (520) 621-6062University of Arizona, Dept. Mining and Geological Engineering
Mines and Metallurgy Bldg. #121235 E. North Campus Dr., POB 210012
Tucson, AZ 85721-0012Roy Johnson, [email protected], (520) 621-4890
University of Arizona, Dept. of Geosciences888 N. Euclid #510, P.O. Box 3308
Tucson, Arizona 85722-3308
Shirish L. Patil, [email protected], (907) 474-5127Godwin A. Chukwu, [email protected], (907) 474-7748
Abhijit Y. Dandekar, [email protected], (907) 474-6427Santanu Khataniar, [email protected], (907) 474-5658
David O. Ogbe, [email protected], (907) 474-7698Department of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum Development Laboratory
University of Alaska FairbanksP.O. Box 755880, 425 Duckering Building
Fairbanks, AK 99775-5880
Timothy S. Collett, [email protected], (303) 236-5731U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center
P. O. Box 25046, MS939Denver, CO 80225
The objectives of this project are to characterize, quantify, and determine the commerciality ofin-place and recoverable gas-hydrate and associated free-gas resources in the Prudhoe Bay Unit(PBU) Kuparuk River Unit (KRU) Milne Point Unit (MPU) areas on the Alaska North Slope(ANS). The project team will accomplish these goals through integrated academic, industry, andgovernment collaborative research designed to assess the potential for safe, cost competitive, andenvironmentally responsible production of these possible abundant, strategic, and secureunconventional energy resources.
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The large magnitude of potential gas hydrate reserves and the interest in future ANS gascommercialization make this an opportune time to assess the energy resource potential of ANSgas hydrates. The PBU-KRU-MPU area is the premier area in the world for a project of thistype. This area combines the presence of both gas hydrate and associated free gas within high-quality reservoirs beneath existing oil and gas facility infrastructure. This infrastructure enablesaccess to sites, support equipment, and production facilities needed for a project of thismagnitude.
Gas hydrate resource assessments of northern Alaska range from 6.7 to 66.8 trillion cubic meters(TCM) (236 to 2,357 trillion cubic feet (TCF)) of gas in-place (Collett, 1997). Collett (1997)calculates the mean ANS basin gas in-place resources are 16.7 TCM (590 TCF). Alaska siteswhere gas hydrates are inferred or identified include the Eileen trend within the PBU KRU MPU areas, which may contain as much as 1.24 TCM (44 TCF) of gas in-place.
Only limited, systematic gas hydrate reservoir characterization studies have been accomplished.ANS gas hydrates have not been characterized by detailed reservoir analyses to determinereservoir extent, stratigraphy, structure, continuity, compartmentalization, quality, variability,and geophysical and petrophysical property distributions. This project will study these reservoircharacteristics to provide practical input to reservoir and economic models. The project will alsodetermine the technical feasibility of gas hydrate production on the ANS.
Accomplishing project goals will require a multi-phased, multi-year, collaborative project withspecific deliverables to determine the technical and economic feasibility of gas hydrate andassociated free gas resource development. Three phases will occur over 4 years. Each phasewill build on prior phases, with clear project continuation/commerciality decisions betweenphases. The first phase focuses on reservoir characterization using existing seismic and welldata, leading to a scoping evaluation of recoverable reserves and commercial potential. Thisphase will also design drilling system, data acquisition, completions, and production testingtechnologies. Phase 2 will apply developed technologies and integrate well, core, log, andproduction test data from an additional well if justified by results from Phase 1. This phase willalso extend the geologic and reservoir models, include detailed analyses of structural control ongeothermal gradient and hydrate stability, and refine the evaluation of reserves andcommerciality. Phase 3 will further verify the resource, extend the models to full field, andinclude additional drilling and long-term production testing if justified by Phase 2 results. Thisphase could lead to a future ANS gas hydrate pilot development.
Significant technical, economical, environmental and safety issues require resolution before gashydrates become a viable energy resource. The energy resource potential of gas hydrates hasbeen studied for nearly three decades. However, the developed knowledge has not beenadequately tested or applied to practical gas hydrate resource development and economicrecovery in the United States. Production from gas hydrates will likely require innovations indrilling, completion, and reservoir technology. Development of this technology could requiresignificant capital investment. The PBU KRU MPU region of the ANS provides the bestarea for timely gas hydrate and associated free gas resource delineation studies, economicevaluations, and pilot development program plans due to the coincidence of resource presencebeneath existing or planned facility infrastructure.
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Courtesy USDOECourtesy USDOE
BP Alaska Methane Hydrate BP Alaska Methane Hydrate Project Project DOE DOE IndustryIndustry
Alaska Resource & Economics Focus Mission Alignment Right Place Alaska Prize
Definitions & Historical Onshore Resource Alaska Perspective
Alaska Project Specifics Commercial Viability Objectives/Timing Technical Challenges
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BP Alaska Gas Hydrate ProjectBP Alaska Gas Hydrate ProjectMission: Economic ResourceMission: Economic Resource
Characterize, quantify, & determine commerciality of gas hydrate & associated free gas resources in arctic regions through integrated academic, industry, & government collaborative research to promote safe, low cost, & environmentally responsible production of abundant, strategic, & secure energy resources
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Courtesy USDOECourtesy USDOE
Alaska Project CollaboratorsAlaska Project Collaborators
BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. Lead, Project Coordination & Industry Liaison
USGS Research and Historical
University of Arizona, Tucson Geology and Geophysics
University of Alaska Fairbanks Petroleum & Reservoir Engineering
Advisory Committee Industry Data Owners and Research Collaborators
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Alaska Gas Hydrate ResourceAlaska Gas Hydrate Resource
Premier Area & Time for Research Resource Infrastructure Alignment
Quantify/Verify Resource Size and Extent Assess Verified Resource Commerciality Leverage DOE Support Research
Extend Industry Capability Collaboration Unconventional Resource Challenges Approve Phase Advance if Economic Resource
Assess Resource to Reserves Challenge Enable Informed Industry & DOE Evaluation
Future Commerciality Options Future Development Options
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Alaska Gas Hydrate ResourceAlaska Gas Hydrate Resource
Onshore Existing Facility, Reservoir
Eileen Trend to 44 TCF in-place Accessible Prize Requires Characterization Associated Free Gas Present, Undefined
Tarn Trend to 60 TCF in-place (IP) Less Well Defined No Known Associated Free Gas
North Slope Basin to 590 TCF IP USGS Probabilistic Play Estimates
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Alaska Gas Hydrate ResourceAlaska Gas Hydrate Resource
TARN TREND
FREE GAS?
PBUKRU
MPU
DIU
EILEEN TREND
44 TCF
60 TCF?
GAS HYDRATE& FREE GAS
GAS HYDRATE
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Alaska North Slope Alaska North Slope Development InfrastructureDevelopment Infrastructure
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EILEENTREND
Alaska Gas Hydrate Resource Alaska Gas Hydrate Resource Gas Hydrate Stability FieldGas Hydrate Stability Field
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
0(m) (ft)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
(psi)0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
4
8
12
16
-10 0 10 20 30TEMPERATURE (C)
DEP
TH
PRES
SUR
E (M
Pa)
Base ofice-bearingPermafrost
Geothermalgradient G
as h
ydr a
te s
tab i
lity
fi eld
After Collett, 1993
MethaneHydrate
Rock/Sediment
TARNTREND
Free Gas
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Alaska Gas Hydrates Alaska Gas Hydrates Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
1970s Industry Awareness Oil Focus 1980s Government & Industry Research 1990s Huge Potential Resource: 44 TCF+ 2000s Potential Conventional Gas
Commercialization = Alignment
Unconventional Resource Challenges Encourage Industry Partnership via DOE Funds Characterize, Quantify, & Verify Seismic Data Economic Viability Determines Phase Progression Apply Innovative Research Technical Challenges Conceptually Similar to Viscous Oil Resource
Convert Resource to Reserves? Provide Additional Gas within Existing
Infrastructure & Potential Exploration Areas
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Alaska Gas HydratesAlaska Gas HydratesHistorical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
YearInitial ANS Exploration, Industry
NW Eileen #2 Gas Hydrate Test Well
Prudhoe Bay Field Discovery
USGS Research ProjectsUSDOE Gas Hydrate ProjectsBP EWE Seismic
USGS Resource Assessment 590 TCFARCO Gas/HydrateUSDOE-BP Gas Hydrate Project
Possible Pilot Development
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Oil-Focus Research Gap
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Alaska Gas Hydrate ProjectAlaska Gas Hydrate Project
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year/Phase/~ DOE Cost ($13.2 MM)
I2.0
II3.6
III7.6
Project Proposal to DOE
Drilling/Production RE/PE StudiesWells of Opportunity DataReservoir and Economic Modeling
Drilling, Data, Production Testing
Possible Pilot Development
Reservoir and Economic Modeling& Reserves Calculation Studies
Reservoir and Fluid Characterization& In-Place Resource Calculation Studies
Proceed if Commercially Viable
Proceed if Commercially Viable
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Assess Existing Seismic & Well Data to Characterize Gas Hydrate Free Gas Reservoir and Fluids Resource
Verify Resource Size and Extent Enhance Data Collection Opportunities Evaluate Reservoir Performance
Parameters: Equilibrium, Relative Perm Design Drilling System, Completions,
Data Acquisition, & Production Testing Technology
Build Reservoir and Economic Models to Determine Phase Progression
Select Candidate Areas for Phase II Operations and Development Scenario
Phase I: Assess Available Phase I: Assess Available Data & Verify CommercialityData & Verify Commerciality
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Apply Drilling, Completion, Production Testing Technology Design Developed in Phase I to Field Operations
Target Data Acquisition in Specific Areas
Integrate Seismic / Well Data to Extend, Add Detail, & Model Reservoir Character
Select/Drill Well in Best Candidate Area Provide Staff, Facilities, & Infrastructure Acquire Rock & Production Data in Well
Calculate Phase Progression Economics
Phase II: Apply Technology in Phase II: Apply Technology in Field Operations, EconomicsField Operations, Economics
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Apply Drilling, Completion, Production Testing Technology Design Developed in Phase I-II to Field Operations
Enhance and Apply Production Methods in Probable Long-Term Field Operations Provide Staff, Facilities, & Infrastructure Acquire Reservoir & Production Data
Construct Full Field Reservoir Characterization and Reservoir Model
Study Gas Hydrate Decomposition and Geotechnical Properties
Calculate Pilot Development Economics
Phase III: Verify Resource, Phase III: Verify Resource, Lead to Possible Pilot ProgramLead to Possible Pilot Program
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North Alaska Fields/FormationsNorth Alaska Fields/FormationsChronostratigraphic DiagramChronostratigraphic Diagram
Sequence0
115
215
355
S N
BROO
KIAN
BEAUFORTIAN
ELLE
SMER
IAN
TER
TIAR
YC
RET
ACEO
US
JUR
ASSI
CTR
IASS
ICD
EVO
NIA
NC
ARBO
NIF
ERO
US
PER
MIA
N
Colu
mbi
anLa
ram
ide
Cam
den
Break U
p Failed Rift
Franklinian
Hunt ForkKanayut
Lisburne
Kayak
Kekiktuk
Shublik
EileenKavik
Echooka
Ivishak
Simpson
BarrowLower Kingak
UPPER KINGAK
Upper ShaleBeechy Pt.
KuparukLower Shale
Okpikru
ak
Mackenzie
Colville Mudsto
neWest Sak /
UgnuSpruce Tree
Shale Wall
HRZ
TorokNan.
Schrader Bluff, Milne Pt., WSak
Pt. McIntyre, NiakukKuparuk, Milne Pt.
Prudhoe Bay
Endicott
NuiqsutNechelik
Badami, Ugnu
Alpine
Lisburne
(Gas Hydrate)
~Depth Age Formation Field
20003000
4000500060007000
8000
9000
1000
0
10000
Alapah
Wahoo
Tarn
Sag River
Pt. Thompson
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Alaska North Slope (ANS) Alaska North Slope (ANS) Schematic CrossSchematic Cross--SectionSection
KUPARUK/MILNE PT
NORTH
BROOKS RANGE
ELLESMERIAN BEAUFORTIAN BROOKIAN
WEST SAK/UGNU/GAS HYDRATECOLVILLE
ENDICOTT
PT. MCINTYRE/NIAKUK
PRUDHOELISBURNE
ALPINE
Present-Day Surface
TARN
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
KRU 1D-8 KRU 1C-8 NW Eileen - 02
A
B
C
D E
F
Top Methane Hydrate Stability Field
Base Methane Hydrate Stability Field
BasePermafrost
BasePermafrost
Free Gas TrappedBelow Gas Hydrates
Gas Hydrates in Reservoir Sand
ANS Gas Hydrate/Free GasANS Gas Hydrate/Free Gas
After Collett, 1993
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Conventional 3D SeismicConventional 3D Seismic
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
Time
Base Gas Hydrate Stability Zone
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Technical ChallengesTechnical Challenges
Gas Hydrate Productivity Endothermic Gas Dissociation Thermodynamic Modeling/Application Recovery Factor Calculation Critical
Seismic Imaging No High-Resolution Data Available Shallow Portions of Conventional Data Acoustic Properties Unique when within
Non-Permafrost Section
Well Completion Assess Productivity Issues Conventional vs. NonConventional Application of Heavy Oil Technology?
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Productivity ChallengesProductivity Challenges
Gas Hydrate Production Methods
Methanol
Dissociated
Thermal Injection
Gas Out
Imperm. Rock
Impermeable Rock
Gas Hydrate
Inhibitor Injection
Gas Out
Imperm. Rock
Impermeable Rock
Depressurization
Free-Gas
Gas Out
Gas Hydrate
Hydrate
Reservoir Dissociated HydrateDissociated Hydrate
Imperm. Rock
Hot Brine or Gas
Gas Hydrate
After Collett, 2000
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BP Alaska Gas Hydrate BP Alaska Gas Hydrate Project SummaryProject Summary
PBU/KRU/MPU: Premier Area & Time Resource Infrastructure Alignment
Characterize and Quantify Resource Verify In-Place Resource & Resolve Extent
Assess Commercial Potential Productivity/Recovery Factor - Reserves
Benefit Industry & USDOE Potential Huge/Unconv. Gas Resource
Assess Technical/Economic Hurdles Prize Convert Resource to Reserves Utilize Gas Reservoir Energy/Sales Enable Industry & DOE to Assess Future
Development Potential in Accessible Area
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Short-Term: 4-5/7Determine Physical/Chemical PropertiesInput Research to Databases and WebsiteImprove Distribution/Volume AssessmentImprove Geophysical Characterization ToolsProvide Samples and Use Sampling Tools
Mid-Term: 3/3Refine Characterization ToolsEstimate Recovery PotentialDevelop/Test Production Methods
Long-Term: 3/4Commercially Produce for Secure Gas SupplyProvide Knowledge/Tools Supporting R & DEstablish U.S. as Leader - Gas Hydrate R & D
Interagency Gas Hydrate R & DInteragency Gas Hydrate R & DObjectives Attainable in AlaskaObjectives Attainable in Alaska
ContentsArctic Region Projects