25n 30n 65e75e65e75e65e75e 2010 2011 2012 16 0 height (km) 8 distance (km) 287 0232 0241 0
TRANSCRIPT
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Global Variability of Intense Convection
Robert A. Houze, Jr.University of Washington
ISSCP at 30, New York, 22 April 2013
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Radars in Space
CloudSat2006-
TRMM1997-
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Epic Floods in Pakistan2010, 2011, 2012
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25N
30N
65E 75E65E 75E 65E 75E
2010 2011 2012
16
0
Hei
ght (
km)
8
Distance (km) 287 0 232 0 241 0
Sindh
TRMM data showing storms producing the floods
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These storms are
Mesoscale Convective Systems
“MCSs”
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Large areasof cold top
Example outbreak of MCSs
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1458GMT 13 May 2004
ConvectivePrecipitation
StratiformPrecipitation
Radar echoes showing the precipitation in the 3 MCSs
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TRMM and CloudSat radars & other data have helped us map
MCS occurrence globally
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Identify each contiguous 3D echo objectseen on radar
Convective component Stratiform component
Extreme characteristicContiguous 3D volume ofconvective echo > 40 dBZ
Top height > 10 km
“Deep convective core” Horizontal area > 1 000 km2
“Wide convective core”
Extreme characteristicContiguous stratiform echo
with horizontal area > 50 000 km2
“Broad stratiform region”
TRMM Radar Distinguishes Convective and Stratiform Components of MCSs
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Continents
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Deep Convective
Cores
BroadStratiform
Regions
JJAS DJF
Wide Convective
Cores
South Asia&SouthAmerica
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Deep Convective
Cores
BroadStratiform
Regions
Wide Convective
CoresAfrica
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Oceans
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TRMM Radar Observations of the MJO over the Indian Ocean
Phase 7
Active Phase Suppressed Phase
Deep Convective
Cores
Broad Stratiform
Rain Areas
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The A-Train Era
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Details learned from field projects
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Basic components
Houze et al. 1989
Anvil Anvil
Raining core
Cold top
Str
atifor
m
Conve
ctiv
e
A-Train sees all of this!
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How A-Train sees the whole MCS
12
3
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The Anvil Problem
Extensively studied
Need to understand how anvil is related to the
raining region
Mesoscale Convective System
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Statistics of anvil width & thickness seen by CloudSat
Yuan and Houze 2010
Africa Indian Ocean
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Yuan, Houze, and Heymsfield 2011
Africa Indian Ocean
Internal structure of MCS anvils
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Combining cloud top and raining cores
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260KClosedcontour Rain
Heavy rain
Identify High Cloud Systems (HCSs)
ConnectedHCSs
SeparatedHCS
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Which HCSs are MCSs?
Yuan and Houze 2010
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PDF of rain amount as a function of raining core properties
Size of raining core
Min
TB
11 o
ver
rain
ing
co
re
2000 km2
220°K
56% all tropical rain
Using these values for “MCS” criteria
Yuan and Houze 2010
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MCSs Over the Whole TropicsSmallest 25% (<12,000 km2)
Largest 25% (>40,000 km2)
“Superclusters”
Yuan and Houze 2010
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Indian Ocean MCSs Contribution to Rainfall by phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation
Yuan and Houze 2012
Connected MCSs
Separated MCSs
Other high cloud systems
Active Suppressed
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Composite MCS Lightning
Determined from WWLLN
Separated
West PacificEq. Africa Eq. AtlanticArgentina
Connected
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Composite MCS Lightning in the MJO
Separated
SeparatedSUPPRESSED
ACTIVE
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Conclusions• TRMM radar data:
• Deep convection takes on various forms
• Forms controlled by mountain ranges & flow regimes such as the MJO & monsoon
• A-Train data • Show anvils of MCSs• Identifies MCSs globally• Lightning data related to MCSs, e. g.
in MJO• To come: relate to aerosol
observations
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EndThis research was supported by NASA grant NNX10AH70G, NASA
grant NNX10AM28G, and NSF grant AGS-1144105
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CloudSat applied to MCS anvils
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Internal structure of MCS anvils
CVCV
CVCV
Indian Ocean Anvils
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MODIS/AMSR-E identifies cold top
locates the raining coreremainder is anvil
Anvil Anvil
Raining core
Cold top
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Frequency of MCS anvils over tropics
Yuan and Houze 2010
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