26-3 new approaches to civil rights. affirmative action legal discrimination gone, little...
TRANSCRIPT
26-3NEW APPROACHES TO CIVIL
RIGHTS
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
Legal discrimination gone, little improvement in daily lives
Problems lack of access to good jobsadequate schooling
Affirmative Action companies and institutionsactively recruit African American
employees/students/etc.
PROS AND CONS
ALLAN BAKKE
University of California medical school
16 slots, higher score
University of California v. Bakke, 19785 to 4
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA REGENTS V. BAKKE
Also said schools could use racial criteria as part of their admission process, but not fixed quotas
BUSING
Segregated schools stemmed from neighborhoods
To desegregate schools, busing began
“White flight” to private schools began
PUSH
People United to Save Humanity
Jesse Jackson, 1971
Purposeregister votersdevelop African American businesses
increase educational opportunities
CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS
African American members of Congress
Legislative concerns of African AmericansHealth care economic developmentcrime and safety
HISPANICS
1970s 9 million in US
Migration reasons Communism Jobs
Mexican Americans Largest group farms
UNITED FARM WORKERS
Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
Grape boycott
Wanted better working conditions
LA RAZA UNIDA
New political party in Texas
“the United People”
1969, Angel Gutierrez
Job training programs and access to financial institutions for Hispanics
BILINGUALISM
Promoted by Hispanic students and political leaders
teaching immigrant students in their own language while learning English
Bilingual Education Act in 1968
NATIVE AMERICANS
Less than 1% of the US in 1970
Began to organize in late ’60s and early ’70s
GrievancesLow incomeHigh unemploymentDiscriminationLimited educationShort life expectancy
AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT (AIM)
Militant groupdid not want Native Americans to assimilate
Occupied Alcatraz Island19 months in 1969
Occupied Wounded Knee, SD for 70 days in 1973 Wanted changes in
administration of reservations Wanted US gov’t to honor
treaties Ended violently, clashed with FBI
1968 –Indian Civil Rights Act Gave residents of reservations
protection of the Bill of Rights, still recognized reservation law
1975 – Indian Self-Determination and Education Act $$ education Native Americans involved in
policy decisions Land and water rights victories TED talk
SUCCESSES FOR NATIVE AMERICANS