26 intro to the animal kingdom
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
Chapter 26
What is an Animal?
They share certain characteristics Heterotrophs Multicellular Eukaryotic Bodies contain tissues
Either invertebrates or vertebrates
Invertebrates
95% of all animals are here
These animals DO NOT have a backbone
Examples: Dust mites, giant squids, worms, insects, etc.
Vertebrates
Other 5% of the animals
HAVE a backbone
Examples: Fish, amphibians, reptiles birds and mammals
What animals do to survive
Animals carry out the following essential functions: Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduce
Feeding
Animals need to eat food Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Detritivores Filter feeders Symbiotic relationship
Feeding
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/bugs-animals/ants-and-termites/ant_caterpillarsymbiosis.html
Respiration
Take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
Some rely on diffusion through their skin
Other have complex tissue and organ systems
Circulation
Diffuse oxygen, waste, and nutrients through the skin
Or
Have circulatory systems
Excretion
Remove ammonia from cells and body
Ammonia has nitrogen; in large amounts it can kill an animal
Removes other metabolic wastes
Response
Response to environmental events by using specialized cells Nerve cells
Examples are: responses to light, sound, etc.
Movement
The ability to be motile
Have muscles that move supported by a skeletal system
In sedentary animals- muscles feed and pump water and other fluids through the body
Reproduction
Sexually
Asexually
Trends in Animal Evolution
Different phyla are related through a common evolutionary heritage
Cell specialization Internal body organization Bilateral body symmetryCephalization Body cavity
Cell Specialization
Blastopore formed from blastula Protosome Deuterostome
Cells form in 3 layers Endoderm- Inner most layer Mesoderm- Middle layer Ectoderm- Outer most layer
Body Symmetry
Radial Symmetry Body parts repeat around the center of the
body Example- Bike wheel
Bilateral Symmetry 2 equal halves from the plane of symmetry Example- Cray fish or Humans
Cephalization
Concentration of sense organs and never cells in the front of the body
Anterior end move forward
Body Cavity Formation
Allows for the formation of organs Suspended and protected Not pressed on by muscles Not twisted out of shape by movement Leaves room for growth and expansion
Body Cavity Formation
In other animals, the space contains fluids for: Circulation Feeding Excreting