2600: the hacker quarterly (volume 2, number 4, april 1985)

8/9/2019 2600: The Hacker Quarterly (Volume 2, Number 4, April 1985)

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APRIL, 1985600260() is pUblished by 2600 Enterprises. Inc . aneteemosynary orpnization.Subscription rates: 512-1 year. 56 -6 months. SI per back issue. Overseas: SIS I year.lifetime subscription: S2W. Corporate s p o n . ~ n h i p : $2600. VOLUME TWO. NUMBER FOURWrite to: }(j(}(). 80 , 752. Middle Island. NY 11953-0752. Dial: 5167512600. BBS: XlIl664431. ISSN:0749-3851

what a white box can doThis article describes how to take a standlrd touch tanekeypad Ind convert it to a portable unit. This infor'ltion isessentially public do.ain Ind WIS originilly downlold.4 fro.the old OSUNY BBS. It is lisa Ivailable on Sherwood Forest ][and undoubtedly Qther BBS's around the world. It is b.intreprinted and explained here for those who Ire not Ibl. to gethlS type of inforlation fro. BBS's and for thos. who Ir. juststarting out in the phone phreak businesl.If you conv.rt I touch tone keypad in the Ilnn.r d.scribedbelow, you will b.co.e .or. fa.iliar with the inn.r workingsof your telephone and t.l.phon. IYlte.. You will 1110 be abl.to ule rotlry phones to cill .xtend.rl or phone lervicel thatrelpond to touch tonel, beclule now you will b. Ibl. togenerate touch ton.1 yourl.lf without havlng to depend on the phone. You will alia be able to use p a y p ~ o n . s that turn offth.ir touch tones after you dial your nu.b.r. In addition,there are often phonel ln airportl, hotels, and at banK.achines which have no dial on the. and auto.atically dill apre-prograed nu.ber (usually I service nu.ber), which can beused by so.eone with a portable dialer to enter a nu.ber ornu.berl before the pre-prograed one starts to dial, thusglining control or causlng a wrong nu.ber. It is often thecale tfiat after the nu.ber dials or the error .essage ends,the phone lioht eventually revert to I dial tane which can beused. Aportable tone generator like this is .ore useful thantapping the plungef on the telephone when no dial or keypadare available, WhlCh takes patience and effort. If youp'urchased a pDrtable dialer, it would cost frol 520 to .30~ o l l a r s . Sood ones that re.e.ber 99 nu.bers, are passwordprotected, and afe s.aller than a calculator cost 560 to 570~ o l l a f s . Often they are available frol long distance Ilrvicesfor lesl, when you sign up for thel. The procedure relltedbelow is a nlce war to bring new life to an old touch tonephone or keypad. P ease note that the building and theglneral use of this device is l.gal Ind fun.First of all, the tones lade a touch tone telephone Irenot sinoli tones, they are a cOlbination of two tones, liking"DT"F" (aual tone .ultl-frequency). The norlal tone t.lephonedials 12 different Signals, but is capable of dialing 16differlnt signals.Th. power r e ~ u i r e d by a wired keypad is about 25 volts, butthey wlil work Nith as little as 15, thereby allowing you touse two 9 volt radio batteri.s. As you .ay have eatpastrali

tuelled, th.y Ir . lIsa desion.d to op.rlt. with I t.ltphanyp. sp.lk.r (and phon. lin.J, and not th. stlndlrd 8 ohIpllker which ne.dl to b. us.d for IdlqUlt. volu... Tacco.plish this, w. USI a .atching transfor r, thil is on. othose .iniatur. onll Ivailabl. at Rldio Shick. Enough of thth.ory, now for the circuit.You wi 11 nlld:Atouch ton. keYPldA inilture 1000 to 8 oh. transforr(Radio Shack I 273-1380)Astandlrd 8-oh. Ipllk.rTNO 9-volt rldio blttlrilsTwo 9-volt bltt.ry clipsACISI to put it all in (optional)Afew construction notel it il sugg.lt.d that you soldeand tape all connections. It is 1110 i.portlnt to r.ad thiIntire articl. b.fore It tpting to construct this.Firlt, connect the RED wire of the transfor.er to eitheter.inal on the splak.r. How connect the WHITE wire fro. thtransfor.er to th. other ter.inal on the sp.lker. H.xtconnect the RED (positive) wire of one bltt.ry clip to thblack wire of lh. other batt.ry clip. Now connect thre.aining RED Nire on the second blttlry clip to the BREENire frol the touch tone pld. Conn.ct the BLUE wir. fro. thtouch tone pld to th. ORANSE-and-BLACk strip.d wire fro. thtouch tone pad. To these two Nir.s, now conn.ct thl re'liningblack leld frol first battery c l i ~ . You hav. now finish.d thpower connection to the keypad. Connect th. BLACk wire frothe k.ypad to th. BLUE wire on the tranlfor r. Ntxt connlc

t ~ . RED-Ind-BREEN strip.d wire frol the keYPld to th. BREEwire on th. trlnsforler. The BLACk wir. on the tranlforllshould not be connected to Inything, along with quit. a fewwires frol the keYPld. The connectlon of thl k'YPld il nocOlpllte. All you hive to do is conn.ct two nin. volbatteries to the battery clips, and you'll b. reldy to go. Yo.IY Nlnt to .ount it in I clse for Illy portabllity. Nothat the silver box .odification CAN bade to thll unitallowing cO'plete"relote phrelking. This il I bit .orco.plex than the conversion you hlv. Iccolplish.d Ibove. Wh.none of the buttons are ~ r l s s . d , thil unit usel NO pow.rthereby elilinating thl n e . ~ for a power I w i t c ~ , Ind t.ndingthe life of the bltteries.a phone phreak scores

This is another story to add to the annals of socialengineering, one Mhich .e all can learn froAfew lonths ago IV "0. had so.e people refinish andblacktop our driveway. So she called sale co.panies in thephone book, and she chose the cheapest one. They ca and did.ost of tne Nark, Ind "01 paid thel, providing they ca.e backsoon to finish the bllcktopping job. This all foundld fine,but after several .eeks of the co.pany cal lng up' anapostponing the final work, "0. wanted it done. She d e c i ~ e d tovisit the co.pany at the Iddrlss listed in the phone book,because she would always get an answering lachlne when shecalled thel, but when she got there, she found out that it wasjust th',back roo. of a storefront and that the cOlpany hidvlclted lt a feN .onths 'Irlier. Nhen she tried calling the.their nu.ber had been chanoed. So I did I CNA on their neNnu.b.r for "a', and she visited the new Iddress that I got.Nhen "01 gDt to the neN address Ihe found a vaclnt lot. ItWIS at thlS point that it started to sound pretty fishy to "01and I. But how could we find out where they were, if theygave a fake address to the phone co.pany?

That's when It occurred to to cill the business offic1that handles thlt cOlpany's telephone. 1 called and theanswered: 'Your nu.ber, please." So I gav. th the cOlpany'nu.ber, and I p'roceeded to tell thel hOM I did not g.t .y lisphone Dill, I n ~ how I Nlnted to 'Ike sure th.y w.rl s.ndlng ito the right address. They told .e the r.ll nl.e and addres(not the one at CNA or Directory Assistlnc., which was th. onit NIS listed under, there is a diff.r.nce, you know). theasked if I was ""r. So and So to which I relponded Y.s.Then they asked if I wanted toI change the .ailino Iddrels.said, "No, that's .y partner's Iddress. No n.ed to chang. itThanK you. IAnd that was it. I found their address. "0. visited theinew location, which hlppened to be a trliler in the .iddle oa big field with a telephone and a power cable going into itNhen she found the pe0p.I. at th. cO'plny, they were quitstartled, becluse it s e e . e ~ thlt they dld not have a lic.n5to do the work thlt they were doing and hid severll othetustolers and so.e govern.ent loencies looking for thelSince "0. had the goods on thel, they w.rl oblig.d to finish2-19 our driveway, and that's all "0. wlnted after all.
http:///reader/full/yourl.lfhttp:///reader/full/yourl.lfhttp:///reader/full/yourl.lfhttp:///reader/full/transfor.erhttp:///reader/full/transfor.erhttp:///reader/full/transfor.erhttp:///reader/full/transfor.erhttp:///reader/full/yourl.lfhttp:///reader/full/transfor.erhttp:///reader/full/transfor.er


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HACKING PACKARD by B i eu::: AgE!'nt. 003P R E F ~ C E _Thl pur POll of thil tutorlll is to 9ive gotlnt!11 hlcklrlYllful Inforlltion I b p ~ t HIMlltt-Plcklrd I HP2000 Iyrtili. ThlfolloMing notltion Mill bl u'ld throuAhout thil tutor III(CR) - clrrilgl rlturn, RETURN, ENTER, ItC.AC - I ,ootrgl chlrlctlr (control-C in IxalplllCAPITAL LETTERS - i ~ ! ' ~ ~ I ~ N ~ H l R X f I ~ N u l l r input

Elch HP2000 IYlt11 can ,upport up to 32 ~ I e r l in I TilllhiridBASIC (TSBI envlron.lnt. he I X I ~ ' l i ~ ~ u . l l y , r u n I v,rlion ofHIM Itt Packard s T l l e l h ~ 6 ! ~ l B ~ 6 ~ E ~ ~ ~ (various Llvelsl.Onci connlctld to I R ~ 2 0 0 , ype a nUltral follOMld by a(CR). Thl systel should then relPond Mithl PLEASE LOS IN. If itdoel not illediately respond keep on trying thil procedureuntil it does (they tlnd to be SIOM to rllpondl.User ID: The user id consists of a Ilttlr folloMed by 3digits, eG, H241. , ,PISIMOra: The pallMordl Ire frol 1 to 6 printing and/ornon-printing (contrail charactlrs. Thl follOMing chlrlctlrlMill NOT be found in any paslMords 10 don't bothlr trxing thel:linl dllete (AXI, null IAil, rlturn IA"I, line flld I JI, X-OFFIASI, rubout COl. . (ALI, SPICI (All, blck IrrOM (\-1, ,underscore t I. HP allo suggests tnat AE il not USIO inpI,IMords ( b ~ t I hlYI Ieen it aon,!).he logon torlat il: HELLO-AI23,PASSMD Wherel HELLO is thelogin cOlland. It Ily be abbrlviated to HEL. AI23 il thl userid , PASSMD is the palsMord.Th, systel Mill respond Mith either ILLEGAL FOR"AT or ILLE6ALACCEsS depending p'on Mhlther you IcrlMld up thl Iyntlx or itil In inYllid usir ID or plllMord. The Iislagill PLEASE L06 INILLE6AL FoRKAT, , ILLEBAL ACCESS also help you idlntify HP2006IYlteli.hI Iy,tel Ity also r,spond Mith ALL PORTS ARE BUSY NOW

PL ASE RY ABAIN LATER Dr I sililar lesllge. One otherpOlsibility is NO TIKE lEFT Mhich leans that thlY hlYI uSld upthlir till lilit Mithout paying.Unlike other , ~ s t ' l l .hlre you haye a clrtain alount 0t tries0 login the HP 000 Iystel AiYIS you a clrtlin tile I li t to1gon betore it Ulpl you. The SYStl1 default il 120 seconds (2l i ~ u t e S ) . The sysop cln chlnge it to bl anYMherl betMeen 1 and25 seconds, though. In IY e.Plri,ncf' 120 lecpnds isIU ficilnt til' for tfying betMeen 20-l0 ogon att.lpts Mhilehind-hacking' a luch higher alount Mhln using I hackingprogral. USERS

in ! various users Irl idlntified by th.ir uler id (AI23) ,Olll.ord. UI.rl ar. alsD id.ntified by th.ir group. Etch grouptonlistl of 100 userl. For ,xllple, AOOO through A099 II Igropp, AIOO throu9h A199 is anothlr ,roup, , Z900 through 2999~ : l l ~ ~ a l : ~ t l ~ o f ~ ~ b ~ ~ 0 8 ~ o M ~ i t ! ~ " ~ ~ r ~ a s u ~ : ~ t ~ ~ n i ~ r f e f r l l ~ ~ ~ P F ~ ~ IXllple, AOOO, AIOO, H200 , , Z900 Irl all Broup alt.rs.Thl Ullr id AOOO is knoMn as the SySt11 "altlr he hiS thl'Olt privilelel (besidls thl hardMired S,IOP tirlinili. Thllibrary a J ~ o i,ted Mith ~ s l r 9 9 ~ can bl UII to Itorl I HELLOprggrli MhlC II executed elc tile 50leone oal on.So, the best thina to hack pn an HP2000 SYlt11 il thl Sy,tll"Istlr (AOOO) account. It il 1110 the only uSlr td thlt "US blon thl systll. He logl on bl tYDinGI HEL-AOOO,PASSMD. Ygu justhlye to hack out hil plllWQr If y6u decide to hick Z999, youcln cr.ate or chlnge the HE LO progral to 9iye .vlry uler youro.n person.1 Iissagi IYlry til ' he logs on. Thil is Ibout IIIyou can do Mith 2999 though sinci it il otherMile anon-priYillged accountlLBRARY oR6ANIZATIONEach user has accels to 3 leyels of libraries: his OMnpriYlte library, a group Ijbrary, and the systel library To" Mhat is in these librlries you Mould type: CATalOG, G R 6 u ~ ,LIBrary resplctiYely (al cOlrandS can bl abbreviated to-tneirlt 3 letters). Thl indiYidua u5lr il responsible for his'OMn Iibrlry and uintlining all the files. If I progral h inYDur CATAL06, then you Cln china' it.[Sroup "uhrs]6roup "1ltlrl (6") Irt r.lponlible for controlling allprograls in the 6roup librarils. Only lelblrs of thl troup canUI. th.sl progrlls. Thesl ,re yi d by typing 6ROUP. ForIXllpl" user S500 controls a I prograll in thl Broup libraryaf III uSlrs b'ginning Mith id S5ix. Other Ulerl in thl aroupCANNOT lodify these arogrili. All prograll in the grouD Ii raryIrl 1110 in thl Broup "1ltlrs priYate librlry (CATAL06I,th.rlforl he can lodify th,l! The 6roup "astir 1110 hiS aCCll1t, 2 griYillged cOlllnGI. ThlY arel PROt.ct. UNProt.ct. MithP OTECT, the Group "1ltlr can r.nd.r a progrll 10 it cannot beLSTId, SAVld CSAYed, PUNchid to piper tlPl, or XPUnch.d. For.u"lt l i f t ~ 1 6" tY.pld PRO-WU"PUS, other users in thl groLip.ou DI Ible to RUN MU"PUS but thlY Mould not b. Ibl. to listit. hi BK can rIIOY. thes. r'ltrictions Mith thl UNProtectcOlund. [S,ltll "ut.r]Th.re is ex"tly gnl SY.I I, ",Itlr (S"I Ind hil Ullr id ilAOOO. H. can PROTECT UNP 0 EC prograls in the SYlt11

Librlry.All Ullr, hlVI ICC,II to thlll fil.1 by typing ~ I B R A R Y to thel. Only the Syst.1 Kilter cln lodify thlll fl II lincihll privltf liDrlry group library conltitut, thl SYltelLibrlry. hi SK lIsa nil ICC.II to othlr privilla,d cOlllndlluch III DRECTORY I this cOlllnd Mill printout all fl'les andprogrlll Itored pn thl syst.1 Iccording to uSlrs. DR Millp'rint out thl entirl dirlctory. DIR-S500 Mill start listing the~ i r e c t o r y Mith Ullr S500. Exalple:DIR . A ~ ~ : O C : ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 0 ~ i ~ i ~ 8 4 L s t i t ~ 0 ~ I ! i 4 BCk6"N 053/84 04564 001526, ~ ~ ~ ~ T ~ ~ ~ ~ I i F~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i MUKPUS 053/,4 P 02636 003i42

B451 I n ~ ~ C K ~ l t ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ l l ' f r S500 6IS 050/84 C 03120 0190616ISCL4 050/84 F 03741 0222991999 HELLO 021/84 00058 011863In this exalPle, thl systel nail il BOCES ED I. Thl date ofthl grintout is the 53rd day of 1984 (053/84) and the tile is12:43 (24-hr). Th. files agp.aring und.r AOOO arl those in theSystll Library. Thl DATE associated _ith the progrll is thedlte it Mil last reflrlncld. The LEN6TH is hOM long it il inMords. DISC rlfers to its storlgl block location on one of thehard driv.s. DRUK rlfers to It I locltion on the drul storlgeunit. Only sanctifi.d proarals are stored on a drul to incrlasetheir Icce5S till. The lett.rs aft.r thl dltl rlfer to F if itis a file, P lelns it is protected and C1.lns the progral iscOlp'illd. In the exalpll the Iyslll groaral, MU"PUS, Mas la,tUI.D on the 53rd day of 1984 (2-22-84); it is currentlyunlistlbll (PROtected I and it occupies 2636 Mords of lelorystarting at disc block 3142. The cOlllnd SDlrectory' Mill printout prograls that are only stor.d on drul. "ost IYlteldir.ctorlll ar. usuilly longer than the exalple. Th. aboYIeXllple is an abridged Yersion of a 43 page directory! The(BREAK) key Mill STOP thl listing if nlc,ssary.REPORTThl REPORT cOlland Mill ShOM the USER id, hOM luch terlinalTJ"E th.y haYI used since the last billing period (in linuhs),and ~ ~ ~ O , C h disc SPACE they are using. Exalplel

BDCES ED 1 055/84 1905ID TI"E SPACE ID TI"E SPACE ID TI"E SPACEAOOO 01150 12625 B451 00003 05861 B8b4 00000 00000S500 00235 06861 S543 00421 00000 Z999 00000 00058The advantagl of hacking the AOOO palsMord first is that youcan us. thl privilegld cOlllnds to 5el Mhich user id's eXlltand .hat prograls ar, stored Mhlrl so that you cln furtherplnltrltl the sYStll.NOTEI Thlre are differlnt levels (versionl) of TSB/2000. Thisarticl. is based prillrily on LeYl1 F. "ost of the levelsarl sililar in th.ir Callands so the differences should notaff.ct the hacklr. Also, sOle systels are custOliZld. Eg, oneIystel I knoM dOlln't haYI the KESSA6E cOlland becausl theydon't want thl op.rator bothered Mlth lessagel. Another s y ~ t l 'fays 111 instlad of PLEASE LOB IN ana ILLEGAL instead ofLlE6AL ACCESS. These ar! o n l ~ trivial problels, though.PRD6RA"SHeMlett-Plcklrd often supplies prograls frol their TSBLibrary for thl Iystels. Utilities such as ASClla FPRINT ,othlrs Ire IllOSt ineyltably found on Iyery SYI!.I. StanaardViles such al MU"PUS, STOCK, LUNAR, , lany others are also asyst.1 lust.' Othlr cOlp'anies offer yery large prograls forthe HP2000 also. GIS (Guidanci Inforlation SystllS) is adataball to help guidlnc. counselors help students to sel.ctcoiliges, jobs, financial lid, etc. GIS is u s ~ a l l y found in theS5xx group library (anyon. Mith an S5xx passMord can use itl.Unfortunatlly, sOletiles thel' proarals are Sit 10 that acertain passMord Mill autol.tically R N hel. In sOle casel youcan Ibort by p'r,sling the (BREAK) k,y Thlrl is a BASICfunction [X-BRK(O)] that disables the


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- - - - - - - - - -- ---- - - ----- ---- - - -- - - - -- - - - -- ----- ---- - ----- - - -- - - - --- ---- - - === - ~ . m B C - ----- ! 2 =====-=--- At the Last Stroke ..Al


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DEAR 2600:~ h e n will it allost be ilpossible to use Long Dist.nceServices? It is 50 easy to Phrelk off thel and they nevercltch the lajority of us, but when will it stop? PuzzledONLY ~ H E N THE ~ O R L D IS ABURNT OUT CINDER ~ I L L IT STOPCONPLETELY. AS TECHNOL06Y C H A N 6 E S ~ SO DO PHONE PHREAKS. BLUEBOXES USED TO BE THE ONLY ~ A Y APHREAK "ADE FREE PHONE CALLS.N O ~ THERE ARE EXTENDERS AND ALTERNATE CARRIERS. WE DON'TTHINK EXTENDERS ARE 60lN6 TO DIE OUT ANYTI"E SOON. ALTERNATECARRIERS I S P R I N T ~ "CIt ETC.) WILL 6ET HARDER TO ABUSE AS EQUALACCESS "OVES INf BU THERE WILL ALWAYS BE AWAY. WE LOVE TOHEAR ABOUT NEW "E HODS.OPEN LETTER:7 1.I' 02/07/85: Pursuant to a telephone discussion .ithReginlld uunn, head of the crilinal division of the LosAngeles' City Attorney's office l I .as inforled that theprosecution believes it has insufticient evidlnce to continuethe prolecution of TOl Tcilpidis, SYSOP of "OG-UR. Thisdetlrlination was lade after I requested a review of the caleon 1/11/85 after thl dlparture of City Attorney Ira Reiner tobecole D.A' I and while the City. Attorney's office is being runby the civi servici staff plnding ellction of a new citrattorney. "r. Dunn has given Ie ~ i l word that thl peopll .i lseek dlslissal of the charges against TOl under CaliforniaPinal Code Siction 1385, i.e., 'Dislissal in thl interests ofjustice.' Under California law, such a dislissal is ' .ithprejudicl' and the people can not refile the Cllesubsequently. To put it succinctly, a dislissal willterlinate the prosecution perlanently.

As [Iany of you] know, the City Attorney's offiCI haspreviously reneged on representations lade to Ie regardingdislissal of the charges. I wish to assure everyone that Ihave known "r. Dunn for 10 years, and I trust his wordcOlpletely. If he says the case .ill be dislissed, I alsatlsfild that such an action will occur.We .in. Win in .in in. in. "y thanks to everyone.ho contributed to sup'porting TOI and Ie in the defense ofthis latter. I consider this to be a lajor victory for therights of free speech over the 'big brother' lachlnations ofthe phone cOlpany.I would be grateful if you .ould download this lessage andplace it on o t ~ e r systels throulhout the country. This is avery big victory, and the BSand lodel cOllunities shouldknow about it.Again thanks for the support.Chuck Lindner, attorney for SYSOP Tal Tcilp'idis.8 p.I., 02107/85: The case of People vs. Tcilpidis -a.k.a. use a lodel, go to jail -- .as dislissed in the'interllts of justice' this lorning, 217/85. As notedearlier, this dislissal is with prejUdlCel and TOI is now freeof the PacTel scourge. Another sla I step for sOlethingreselbling justice. ChuckR E N ~ ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ' ~ I ~ R f A S ~ O ~ O " T ~ ~ t A : ~ ~ w j ~ ~ R ~ ~ ~ T D ~ ~ P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A ~ ~ E L ~ ~ ~ JUST REALIZED THAT THERE WAS JUST NOT ENOU6H EVIDENCE TO PROVEANYTHIN6. BUT CALIFORNIA STILL HAS HORRIBLE TOUSH LAWS THATDO NOT PER"IT PRINTIN6 NASAZINES LIKE 2600! YOU CANNOT EVENDISCLOSE APHONE NU"BER OR APASSWORD FOR"AT LET ALONE AWHOLEPASSWORD THERE. WE ARE GLAD HE GOT HIS "ACHINE BACK L WHICH ISALWAYS A PLEASANT SURPRISE. WE ENCOURAGE OUR HEADERS TOSPREAD THIS NEWS WHEREVER THEY SO AS IT IS A VERY I"PORTANTDEYELOP"ENT. [FOR THOSE WH O DON'T KNOW, TO" TCI"PIDIS WAS THESYSOP OF A CONPUTER BULLETIN BOARD THAT SO"EONE POSTED ACREDIT CARD NUNBER ON . THE PHONE CO"PANY DECIDED TO PRESSCHARGES A6AINST HI" EVEN THOU6H HE CLAINS NEVER TO HAYE SEENTHE NU"BER IN QUESTION. THEY TOOK HIS CO"PUTER AND SOT HI" ALOT OF NATIONAL ATTENTION.]DEAR 2600:Have you bten reading about those neM high tech securetelephones? I've been tninking about .hat lust be insidethel. Thl closest thing I've neard to that kind of technologr.ould be DYP - Digital Yoice Processing. It's like digitaaudio proceSSing, but after the voice is turned into 6its,dsfdsfk,kfgsjkfggr.eegfds

they scralble thel up Ind then send thll off. The other sidethen decrypts the bits Ind trlnsforls the d e c r y . ~ t e d Signalblck into voice. The stuff I've read lin PopularCOllunicationl "aglzine, around a year ago) Slid that I lot ofI.w enforcelent Igencies use it to scralble their radiotranslilsions (I believe the ones lentioned Mere the DEA Indthe Treasury police, laybe the secret service, but n o ~ ,interestingly enou:h, the FBll. The only p ' r o b l e ~ IS that Itdidn't . o r ~ too .e I - lany Plople reported hearing the Illnltss.itching the DY off and t r l n s l i ~ t l n g a,norl.l, unscrl b edsignal bicaUSI thel couldn't get It .orklng rlgnt. However,over a land linl i would probably work a lot better. And thlnice thing about DYP is that it really is secure, as long asno one ino., your scrllbling algorlthl - howevlr, I ilaginethe Russians alreldy ~ a ~ e the plans for one 9f those phones,given thlt very fe. Illitary secrets ever rllaln slcretl forlong. Besides/ if the governllnt orders sevlral thousand 9fthel, it stands to reason that at least one .ould end up Inthe Mrong hands. AnYMay, 1'1 not surl that knoMing ~ h e innards of th951 phones Mould help you unscralble ~ h ~ ~ r . f f l c ,since that light only cut down the nUlber of posslbilitles,toa few billion Instead of a few quadrillion. The .hole pOintof encoding sOltthing is so that your enelY doel, notunscralble it Mhile t ~ e inforlation is still uSlful to eitherof you.I've often thought about how to do sOlething like that ~ i t h our little licros. T.o people talking on the phone via ascrllbled lodel link have a relarkably secure connection,provided they are using the right softMare for lixing thebits. I seel to relelber that ESS's these days are configuredto autolatically detect any kind of scralbllng going on, andalert security folks whenever a scralbled conversation isnoticed. The rationale is that sOleone scralbllng aconversation has sOlething to hide, and the big governlentboys are interested in people Mho have things to hide.Ho.ever, the aforelentioned pair on the phone .ould not benoticed by an ESS, since all they .ould be doing is setting upa norlal lodel conversation l and if they didn't I!nd slowcOllunication they could De even lore secure .lth anencryption schele that sent t.o Dr three lines of 'noise" forevery character of genuine inforlation being transferred. Thenoise could look very' innocuous, say the transactions on a'legal' bulletin board, and thus not even appear to be hidinganything.By the way those are the best possible secret codes, thekind that do not appear to be anything out of the ordinary andthus art not even thought to be codes at all! Anotherpossibility is to send inforlation in the fori of the tiledelays bet.een each character translitted. That leans thatsOleone 'listening in" on a digital conversation by having thedata printed out .ould liss out on the entire lessage, sincehis printer .ould only record the characters sent, .hlCh Inthis instance are utterly unilportant. By the .ay', lonitoringof a cOlputer conversation lay not be considered .iretappingsince the statutes concerned can be narro.ly Interpreted tocover only audio taping of a conversation, not digitaleavesdrop pi ng. Inforltd as Hell"ANY PARTS OF 'PUZZLE PALACE" BY JA"ES BANFORD 60 INTODETAIL ABDUT THE FOR"S OF CRYPT06RAPHY USED TODAY BY THENATIONAL SECURITY A6ENCY L WHICH INCIDENTALLY HAS EXPRESSED AS ~ O N 6 INTEREST IN SUuSCRIBIN6 TO US . WE HOPE THEY WILLCONTRIBUTE "ANY FINE ARTICLES. DEAR 2600: Does 2400 baud work on standard Bell lines?YES I 2400 BAUD IS ACTUALLY 4 BITS AT ATI"E AT 600 BAUD.AND BELL LINES CAN HANDLE THAT. DEAR 2600:If I want to go trashing, al I forced to just attack IyCentral Office?THERE ARE LOTS OF SOOD PLACES TO TRASH BESIDES PHONECOMPANIES. LOOK IN THE PHONE BOOK UNDER SOFTWARE CO"PANIES,PHONE EQUIP"ENT, C O ~ P U T E R EQUIP"ENT L ELECTRONIC EQUIPNENT.OR LOOK AT RADIO SHACKS OR 6TE " ~ I , OR YOUR LOCAL CABLECOMPANY. YOU WILL FIND ~ O A D S OF THINGS, LIKE FREE TELEPHONES,FLOPPIES, m.all kinds of letters

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The 2600 Information Bureau HOITI IV LOCATION 27-a . p -848TATE/COUNTRYH08T NAME H08T ADDRE88 alTE ADDREI8ALAaAMAANNZa-"IL-TAC 2 2 .0 .113 U8ACC - ""n t . t an8UNTER-ADAM 2 1 .0 .13 A ir Farce Data aya t BUIlTER-TAC 2 2 .0 .13 A tr Force D a t . Byat MICOM-TAC 2 2 .0 .41 Aray "1 t1 . Co nd

MICOM-TE8T U . I . 0 . 4 1 Arey "' tl . Cond APO FRANkFURT-MIL-TAC 26 . O. 0 . 116 O.fen Caun lca t tona AgancyARIZONAVUMA-811 U.3 .0 .7 :1 Aray vu Prov ine . roundVUMA-TAC 2 2.0.7:1 . r ay vu Prav ine . roundCALIFORNIA. NorthernA-LHI-8RI-03 10.7 .0 . :11 8R I I n t e r n a t i o n a lAID8-UNIX 10 .2 .0 . :1 . Advanca. In fo r t t anAMELIA-EC 26 . 4 . 0 . 1 . NAIIAAME8-NA8-811 2 4 .0 .16 NABAAMEa-TAC 26 .1 .0 .16 NAaAAMEa-VMaa 26 . 3 . 0 . 1 . NAIIAFIIOC-BECURE 20 .3 .0 .33 Navy FI t Nuric.lkE8TREL 10 .3 .0 .32 K. e t r . l I ne t i t u t eLIL 2 0 .0 .34 Univerwity of C . l i f o r n i .L8L-CBAM 2 1 .0 .34 Unive r . i ty of C . l i f o r n i .L8L-MILIIET-all 10 .0 .0 .68 L a . r . n e . S .rke leyLLL-CR8 26 .3 .0 .21 Univ . r . i t y of C . l i f o r n t .LLL-"FE 26 .1 .0 .21 Univ . r . t t y of C . l i f o r n i .L.LL-TIS 2 0 .0 .21 Univ . ra i ty of C . l i f o r n i .LLL-ZDIVISION 2 2 .0 .21 Unive r . i ty of C . l i f o r n i .NPa 2 0 .0 .33 N.v . l P o . t g r . d u . t . SchoolIIPS-TAC 2 2 .0 .33 Nav.l P o . t g r . d u . t . SchoolOFFICE-l U . 0 . 0 . 4 3 Tyh . r e . Inc .OFFICE-I0 2 1 .0 .93 Tyhare , Inc .OFFICE-l:1 2 1 .0 .43 Ty h . r e , Inc .OFFICE-2 26 .2 .0 .93 Ty h . . . . . , Inc.OFFICE-3 26 .2 .0 .43 Ty h . . . . . , Inc.OFFICE-7 U . 3 . 0 . 4 3 Tyh . r e . Inc .OFFICE-. 26 .0 .0 .93 Ty h. . . . . . Inc.PARC-MAXC 10 .0 .0 .32 XerOM Corpor . t ionPARC-VAXC 10 .1 .0 .32 X.roM Corpor . t i anRIAC8-811 U . 6 . 0 . 1 6 R rc h I n . t i t u t e fo rRIAC8-ICARU8 2 6 . 6 . 0 . 1 6 R rc h I n e t i t u t . fa ...SI-A 2 1.0.9:1 Univ . ra i ty of C. l i f a r n i a81- . 26.2.0.9:1 Unive r . i ty of Cal i fo rn iaal-a-811 26.2.0.9:1 Univ . ra i ty of C. l i f o rn i aSI-C 2 3.0 .9 :1 Unive r . i ty of C . l i f o r n ' .aRI-AI 10 .4 .0 .2 SRI In t . r na t i ona laRI-C3ETHER-811 1 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 0 7 SR I In te rna t iona lBRI-C8L 10 .2 .0 .2 SRI I n t e r n . t i on . l8RI-F4 2 4 .0 .73 SA l I n t . r n . t i o n . lSAl-aN 10.:1.0.:11 8A I I n t . r n . t i ona lBRI-IU 10. :1.0.2 SA l I n t . r na t i on . lSRI-kL 10 .1 .0 .2 BAI I n t . r n . t i o n . laRI-MIL-TAC 26 .3 .0 .73 SA l I n t . r n . t i ona laRI-MILNET-8N 10.4 .0 . :11 BRI In t e rn . t i ona laRI-Nlc 10.0 .0 . :11 8A I I n t . r n . t i o n . laRI-PR-8Nl 10.1 .0 . :11 8A I In t e rn . t i ona lSRI-Pit-8M2 10.3 .0 . :11 SA l I n t . r n . t i o n . lBRI-PIt-8N3 10 .0 .0 .107 BRI In t e rna t i on . l8RI-aPAM-TEST 10 .2 .0 .107 8A I In te rna t iona lBRI-SPR" 10 .0 .0 .2 BAI In t e rna t i on . laRI-Tac 10 .3 .0 .2 BAI I n t . r n . t t ona laRI-UNIX 10 . 2 . 0 . e l BRI In t .... n . t i a n . laRI-IlARF 2 1 .0 .73 BRI In t e rn . t i ona laTANFORD-aATEIlAV 10 .1 .0 .11 Bt .n fo rd Unive r . i tyaU-AI 10 . o. 0.11 Btanford Univ . ra t tyaU-8CORE 10 .3 .0 .11 St .n fo rd Un iv . r e i tySU-TAC 10 .2 .0 .11 Btanford Univ . re t tyIIUMEX-AIN 10 .0 .0 .e6 S t .n fo rd Un iv . r e i ty M.dic . luca-ARPA 10 .0 .0 .78 Unlvere l ty of Ca l i f o r n i auca-VAX 10 .2 .0 .78 Univera i ty of C a l i f o r n i .usaa3-TAc 2 1 .0 .70 U.S. a . a loe i ca l Surveyuaa83-VNa 26 .0 .0 .70 U.8. a . a l a e t c a l SurveyXEROX 10 .2 .0 .32 Xerox Corpara t tonCALIFORNIA. SouthernACC U . 6 . 0 . 6 e Adv.nc.d C a. pu t ....ACCAT-TAC 2 2.0.3:1 N.v . l Ocean Sy . t Cent . rADA-YAX 26 .2 .0 .103 U8CAERONET-8N U. S . O :I Th. Aero . pace Corpor . t ionAEROaPACE 2 2 .0 e Th. Aero .pac . Corpora t ionAFaC-8D 26 .0 .0 :1 Ai r Fore . Sy . t e Co an dAFaC-aD-TAC 2 1 .0 .6e A ir Force By. te Co ndC 1T-20 10 .0 .0 .e4 CAL TECHCIT-Ca-8N 10.1.0. :14 CAL TECHCIT-WI. 10 .1 .0 .e4 CAL TECHEDWARDB-2060 2 1 .0 .39 Ed r d . Ai r Fore . a EDWARDS-VAX 2 0 .0 .39 Ed .a rd . Ai r Force aa lal-8ATENAY 10 .3 .0 .27 U8Clal-HOBaOBLIN 10.1.0. :12 ua cISI-MCON-ilil 10 .1 .0 .22 USClal-NILNET-SII 10 .2 .0 .22 ua cl a l -PNSl l 10 .1 .0 .27 U8Cl a l - paAT - IS 10 .3 .0 .22 U8Cla l -SPEECHll 10 .0 .0 .22 ua clal-VAXA 10 .2 .0 .27 U8C~ P L - V L I I I 10.3.0. :14 Je t P ropu l . ion L.bo .... to ryLOSICON 26 .2 .0 .3 Logicon. Inc.MARTIN-ED 2 3 .0 . e M.r t in M .r i . t ta Carpora t ionNOaC 2 0 . 0 . 3 N.val Oc.an Byet C.n te rNOaC-F4 26 .4 .0 .3e Nav.l Ocean I y . t e C. n t . rNOaC-all 26 .0 .0 .3 N.v . l Oc n B y . t C. n t . rNOaC-aECURE2 26 .0 .0 .3e N.val Oc n .y.t C.n te rNOaC-8ECURE3 2 6 . 3 . 0 . 3 S N.v . l Oc.an By. t C. n t . rNOaC-TECR U . I . 0 . 3 e Nav.l Oce.n By. te CenterNPRDC 2 3 . 0 . 3 N.val Per .onne l R rc hNPRDC-SW U . 3 . 0 . 3 N.v . l Pe r .onne l R rc hNTEC-TACDEII-8DI 2 1 .0 .3 Sper ry T.chn ic . l S . r y i c e .NNC-3.03 2 1 .0 .8e N.v . l We.pon. C. n t . rNNC-387A 2 0 .0 .8e N.v . l W pon . C. n t . rNNC-3878 2 3 .0 .8e Nav.l W pon . C. n t . rNIIC-TAC 26.2.0.S:I N.v . l We.pon. C. n t . rRAND-ARPA-TAC 10 .2 .0 .7 Th. R.nd C o r p o r . t i o nRAND-UNIX 10 .3 .0 .7 Th. A.nd Corpor . t ion

RAND2-MIL-TACUCLA-AUUCLA-CCNUCLA-LOCUSUCLA-TEaTUIIC-ECLU8C-ECLaU.C-ECLCuac - I . IUIIC-18IBU8C-IIIICU8C-laIDuaC-lalEU8C-laIFuaC-TACCOLORADOuaaa2-NUL TI cauaaaZ-TACCONNECTICUTNuacYALEVALE-;SWDELAllAREUDEL-EEUDEL-811UDEL-RELAYENSLAND"INET-LON-EM"INET-LON-TACFLORIDAAFaC-ADAFaC-AD-TACEBLIN-VAXJAxt-MIL-TACMARTINMARTIN-INCBC8EORBIA18"IRa-FORaCOM18MIRa-FTaILLMROIINS-TACROBI N8-U NIXBERMANVDCA-EURMINET-BRM-TACMINET-HDL-TACMINET-oaL-EMMINET-oaL-TACMINET-RAM-TACMINET-VHN-ENMINET-VHN-TACPATCHaECkENHEIM-EMHHAllA I ICINCPAC-TACHAIIAII-ENHILLINOIBAFCC-lAFCC-2AFCC-3AFCC-4ANL-MC8CONPION-VMaSCOTT-TACaCOTT2-"IL-TACINDIANAPURDUE-CS-811PURDUE-X2e

ITALVCPOMINET-CPO-TACMINET-818-TACKOREAkOREA-EMHkOREA-TACNORL-MIL-TACLOUlalANANRDCNOLA-UII00MARYLANDAPS-IAPa-zAPa-3BRLBRL-8ATEIIAVBRL-8ATEIIAY28RL-TACCOINa-8ATEIiAYDAVID-TACDTN8RDC-8NDTRCMARYLANDMARYLAND-811NALCONNBS-AMAFNBa-8DCNIB-881NEMaNLM-9MNLM-McaNBRDCOA-8MNawc-woPAX-RV-TACPAXRV-NE8TVCHOf'tA88ACHUSETTSA-LHI-BBN-OIAF8LAF8L-TACARPANET-MC BN-AAPA-TACBBN-CLXlBBN-CADNUS-OWBBN-F !BERA-8NB8N-MIL-TAC

10 .0 .0 .710 .3 .0 .110 . I . 0 .110 .2 .0 .110 .0 .0 .110.3.0.12110 .0 .0 .23 10 . I . 0.1212 3 .0 .10310.3.0. :1210.0.0. :1210 .0 .0 .27 2 1 .0 .10310.2.0.11210 .2 .0 .23Z6.0 .0 92 1 .0 92 3 .0 .9210 .2 .0 .910 .2 .0 .910 . 2 . 0 . 9 610 .0 .0 .96 10 .0 .0 .96 24 .0 .0 .724 .1 .0 .72 6 . 0 . 0 . ~ 3 2 6 . 3 . 0 . ~ 3 2 6 . 6 . 0 . ~ 3 2 6 . 4 . 0 . 1 1 02 6 . ~ . 0 . ~ 3 2 6 . 1 . 0 . 6 4 2 4.0.1132 4.0."2 0 .0 42 2 .0 .642 3 .0 .642 4 . 3 . 0 . 224 .1 .0 . :I2 4 . 1 . 0 . 424 .0 .0 .124 .1 .0 .124 .1 .0 .32 4 . 2 . 0 . 22 4 . 1 . 0 . 22 4 . 6 . 0 . 22 6 . 4 . 0 . 1 1 62 6 . 2 . 0 . 3 6 2 6 . 1 . O. 362 6 . 4 . 0 . 1 1 826 . : 1 .0 .1112 6 . 6 . 0 . 1 1 82 6 . 7 . 0 . 1 1 82 6 . 1 . 0 . : I ~ 26 .2 .0 . : le2I tol .O. : I '2 0 . o. I1 S10 .2 .0 .3710 . 2 . 0 . 9 .24 .0 .0 .S24 .1 .0 .S24 .1 .0 .926 .0 .0 .1172 2.0.1172 2 .0 .10926 .3 . 0 . 1 0 '2 6 . 1 . 0 . 2 .2 6 . 6 . 0 . 2 .26 .4 .0 .2926.0.0.2 '926 .3 .0 .292 6 . 0 . 0 . 2 .26 .2 .0 .29 26.1.0. :1726 . 2 . 0 . 81 20 . .0 .0 .8126 . 3 . 0 . 81 20. .2.0. :1726 .2 .0 .e7 2 1 . 0 . a l26 .6 .0 .192 1 .0 .1926 .7 .0 .192 0 .0 .S I26 . 0 . 0 . a s26 .0 .0 .B826 .3 .0 .S I 2 0 .0 .1022 3 .0 .972 2 .0 .972 0 .0 .e710 .6 .0 .63 2 6 . 1 . 0 . 6 6 2 6 . 2 ~ 0 . 6 61 0 . S . 0 . 8 21 0 . 1 . 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 0 . 0 . ~ 10 .6 .0 .82 1 0 . 2 . 0 . e26 .0 .0 .40

Th . Rand Corpora t ionUniv . r . t t y of C . l l f o r n t .Univ . r . t t y of C . l i f o r n i .Unlv . re i ty of Ca l i f o r n i aUniv . r . i t y 04 C a l i f o r n i .UIICUSCUICUSCUIICU8Cua cUSCU8CU8CU.8. a e o l o g i c . l Surv .yU.8. a . o l o g i c . l SurvevN.v . l Und.rwater BV.tV. I . Unlv . ra t tyV . I . Untv . r . i t yUnivera i ty of D. l r eUn i v . r s i t y of D .l . . . . . . .Un t v . r s i t y of De l r eCINCU8NAVEURCINCU8NAVEURAir Fore r n t Diy is ionA ir Fore . Ar n t Dtv i . tonEg1tn Air FareNavy R.o lon . l D . t .M.r t in M ar ie t t . Corpora t ion".rtin M . r i . t t . Corpora t ionN . v . l Co t. l By. t C . n t . rFo re . . Co ",dU.S. Ar.y W.rn. r -Robina ALC/""ECD"W. rner -R ob in . ALC/MMECDMDCA E urop .f'tINET I n . t . l l a t i o nDCA EuropeU.S. Ar.y Cp ki ngU.S. Ar.y C p KinoU.8. Air Force DCA Europ. DCA Europ. H dqu . r t . r U.B.E.CD" Aray M . t . r t. l D.v . lop n t Co .... In Chi . f P .c l f i cDCB Techn ic . l C ont ro lA ir F a r e . Coun ica t tonaAt r Fore . Cou n l c . t t o n .A ir F a r e . Co un ic . t i onaA ir Force Cou n i c . t t o n .Argonn. N. t lon . l L abora to rySould 8 a f t . a r . Div is ionA ir Forc . Coun ic_ t ionaA ir Force Co un lca t ionaPurdY. Univers I tyPurdue UniY. ra t tyNTCCN.val T.1_. I c . t i a n .NATO M.r i t Ft . l dAUTOD!N SWitching C . n t . rAUTODIN Swi tch ing C.n te rN.vy R.g ion . l D. t aN.vy R.o lon . l Da t .T t .n d Ev . lu . t i on Co ndAb.rde.n Prov ing aroundAb .... d n Proving aroundAr.y Ar n n t R rchAr.y Ar n t . Muni t ion .Aray Ar n en t A rchAray Ar nn t A rc hN. t ion . l a . cu r l t y Ag.ncyD.vid T.y lo r N.v . l ShipD.vid Taylor Nav. l 8hipD.vid T.y lo r Nav.l ShipUniv . r . i t y of " . r y l . ndUniv . r s i ty of Maryl .ndD.vid T.y lo r N.v . l ShipNat ton . l l u r e . u of Btandard .N. t ton . l Bu r u of St . nda rd .Nat ton . l Bure.u of a t a n d a r d .D.vid T . y l o r N.v . l Ih tpN. t tona l I n . t l t u t e . of H l thNat lon . 1 In . t t tu t of H l thDavid T.y lo r N.val S h i pN.v . l Bur f . ce M p a n . C . n t . rN . v . l El . c t r on i c . Byat N . v . l Elec t ron i c . By. tNat ton . l a . c u r t t y Ag.ncy.I N Co un i c . t i on . Air Foreo p h y . i c . A1 r F9reophy .1c . .B N Coun tc . t1on B ol t B. r . n . k .n d Nn Inc. B o l t B.r .nek .n d N.wn Inc. l o l t r . n . k .n d N n Inc. lolt . e r . n . k an d New n Inc. Bo l t Ber .n .k an d H n Inc.

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2600: the hacker quarterly (volume 2, number 4, april 1985)

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