28007551 textile auxiliaries non surfactant auxiliaries 02

7/29/2019 28007551 Textile Auxiliaries Non Surfactant Auxiliaries 02

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Sequestering agent :

Metal

ion


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4 important factors for select

sequestering agent : Sequestering power.

Ability for removal or the neutralizing of harmful metal ions(water hardening substances, heavy metal ions) from the

water. Complex stability constant.

Equilibrium constant of COMPLEX : FREE LIGAND.

Dispersibility.

Ability to distributed the solid particle in liquid. Buffer capacity.

Maintain the pH of solution as narrow or constant.


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Typical of sequestering agent

Aminopolycarboxylate and hydroxy

derivative.

Inorganic phosphate

Organic phosphonate

Hydroxycarboxylate

Polyacrylic acid and copolymer.


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Aminopolycarboxylate :

Ethylenediaminetetra-

acetic acid (EDTA)

Diethylenetriamine

penta-acetic acid (DTPA)

Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)


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Hydroxy derivative of

aminopolycarboxylate N-(hydroxyethyl)

ethylenediamine

triacetic acid(HEDTA)

N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)

glycine (DEG)


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Aminopolycarboxylate :

Advantages: high selectivity for heavy metal ions, therefore well-suited as a

regulator for hydrogen peroxide bleach. good stability at increased temperatures

good alkali resistance. Disadvantages:

only resistant to oxidizing agents to a limited extent in hot and strongalkali media

no detergency efficiency and soil carrying capacity; at high alkaliconcentrations,

diminishing complexing power; only effective in the stoichiometricregion, therefore large quantities are required.

Alteration of shade and fastness on metal containing dyes


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Metal ion control charge


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Inorganic phosphate :


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Inorganic phosphate :

Advantages: ability to increase detergency efficiency and soil

carrying capacity of surfactants; complexing power for

calcium, magnesium and heavy metal ions. Disadvantages:

disadvantageous in hot, strong alkali liquors due totheirlow stability at temperatures of > 80oC and pH >11 and in strong acid media. In these areas, it is

possible that insoluble deposits will form. No selectivity for heavy metal ions when calcium and

magnesium ions are present.


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Organic phosphonate :

Ethylenediaminetetramethylphosphonicacid (EDTMP)

Diethylenetriaminepentamethylphosphonicacid (DETMP)

Nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid(ATMP)


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Organic phosphonate :

Advantages: high calcium, magnesium and iron binding capacity high stability in cold and warm alkali baths and in strong alkali,

oxidizing liquors very selective effect on polyvalent heavy metal ions

effective in the lower stoichiometric region.

Disadvantages: only average detergent and dispersing action

may result in alterations in shade and dyestuff being dissolvedout of the fabric due to the formation of hard complexes with thecentral atoms of dyestuffs containing metals.


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Hydroxycarboxylate :


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Hydroxycarboxylate :

Advantageshigh sequestering power at limited

acid/alkaline concentration. Disadvantages:efficiency is very dependent on pH.


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Polyacrylic acid and copolymer :

Polyacrylic acid

Other comonomer


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Oligomers with a molecular mass of 12008000 give optimum sequestering power.


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Advantages: excellent dispersing properties: solid soil, deposits, husks, etc. are

removed from the fabric and stabilised in the liquor. high calcium, magnesium and heavy metal binding capacity

lower stoichiometric region (threshold effect) and therefore effective evenwhen only small quantities are used Have the effect ofdelaying crystallization, do not form hard complexes and therefore do not tend to corrode the

central atoms of dyestuffs containing metals by varying the monomer components used and the degree of

polymerization, products with specific property profiles can be

synthesized. Disadvantages:

resistance and efficiency in strong alkali and strong electrolytic liquorsare limited.


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Thickener and Migration inhibitor


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Relationships between viscosity

and shear stress of thickener types
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Starch and its derivatives

Giving high colour yields.

Poor levelness

High amylose content, not stable


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British gum

Produce from heat the dry starch at 135-190oC, 10-24 h

Good stability to alkali and for printing vat dyes.

Suitable for resist printing (high S.C.)


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Starch and cellulose ethers :

Suit for high-speed printing on engraved-roller

machine.

Carboxymethyl- Hydroxyethyl- Methyl-


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Locust bean gum and Guar gum:

Consist of D-galactomannoglycan. Resistance wide pH range 3-11. Locust bean gum must disperse in minimum 45oC water,

but Guar gum in cold water. Complexes are formed with borates, produce gel.


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Alginates :

Very important for print paste thickener because

their ready solubility, even after high-

temperature fixation treatments.

They are especially important for reactive dyes

because the extent of interaction is very small.

Stability is good between pH 4-10


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Synthetic-polymer thickeners.

Sensitivity to electrolyte Electrolyte sensitivity

can be reduced bycopolymerising withacrylamide.

Suitable for pigment

printing but not forsubstantive dyesprinting.

Poly (acrylic acid)-co-divinylbenzene


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Emulsion thickeners :

O/W emulsion is prefered.

Can be used combine with synthetic

thickener. Viscosity is not change with shear rate.

Suitable with pigment and non-ionic dyes.


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Hydrotropic agent


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Hydrotropic agent :N type


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Hydrotropic agent :

O and some S type


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Disadvantage of urea

> 135oC

Alternatives to urea in thermosol dyeing and thermofixation


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Fixing agent :


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Fixing agent for acid dyes on

Protein and Nylon

Tannic acid

potassium antimonyl tartrate(tartar emetic)

Natural tanning agent


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Synthetic tanning agent (Syntan)


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Mechanism of action : Fixation

Nylon or Protein

+ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++


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Mechanism of action : Blocking

Nylon or Protein

+ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++

Repell and then Block


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Fixing agent for Direct and

Reactive dyes on Cellulose.


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Typical reactant-fixable direct dye


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Classes of cationic agents for

fixation of dyed cellulosic fibres


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Classes of cationic agents for

fixation of dyed cellulosic fibres.


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Indosol :

Bifunctional, trifunctional and tetrafunctional fixing agents Developed for use with a selected range of copper-

complex (Indosol) dyes. The bifunctional type, which reacts only with the dye,

was applied in a fresh bath at about 60o

C and gavefastness to washing at 50oC through the formation of anextensive dyeagent complex within the fibre.

The trifunctional type additionally forms covalent bondswith cellulose and is applied at 40oC for about 15

minutes, followed by addition of alkali to bring aboutreaction; this confers a higher degree of fastness towashing at 60 C even with deep shades


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Indosol :Bifunctional, trifunctional and tetrafunctional fixing agents

Tetrafunctional reactant resins confer the highestfastness, even to washing at the boil.

Applied with an N-methylol reactant such as DMDHEUand an acid-liberating catalyst e.g. magnesium chlorideto give a commercial product sold as a cationic reactantresin.

Applied to the dyeing by padding, and cure at 175 180oC, result in covalent reaction between the cationicagent and the N-methylol groups as well as crosslinking

of cellulose chains by the N-methylol reactant, Not only excellent wet fastness but also improved crease

resistance and good dimensional stability.


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Conclusion: Non surfactant

auxiliaries Non surfactant is the agents is not the surfactant which

improve facility and efficiency of wet processing.

A lot of members of this class is difficult to distinguish.

Synergistic mixing auxiliary should be used together

for highest efficiency.


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Summary :

Textile auxiliaries have a lot of members

and to be difficult to classify.

Surfactant and non surfactant can usetogether, but avoid the ionicity and stability

at extreme condition.

Textile wet processing is impossible if useonly dyes, water without textile auxiliary.


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28007551 textile auxiliaries non surfactant auxiliaries 02

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