2880 minutes – issue1

Regional Sessions of EYP Finland in 2013

So what about changes?

The word carries importance, a sort of finality. Yet there are very few terms that can have such a multitude of interpretations. Changes for example could refer to how many changes of clothes you brought to the session.

Of course, this is nonesense when ‘changes’ is associated with Europe, automatically giving the term a bigger dimension. However, let us assume that the reasoning does make sense, so I can talk about changes in pro-grammes.

Unexpected things happen. When working with media, they are inevita-ble. In this case, the changes were caused by a lack of proper printers, forcing us to split Issue 1 into two.

The following articles are the journal-ists’ personal reflections on your topic. We hope they will allow you to gain a new perspective, or spark new ideas on your problematic. Thus, they had to be imperatvely printed before the end of committee work.

However, the issue is not done. There are four more aricles, waiting for you online, on our shared Facebook page. By the time you will be holding this booklet in your hands, the final Issue

will already be online. In it, you will find the Presidential interview, an anal-ysis of how EYP changes people, a reflection of how silly the Finnish language can be, and a feature arti-cle on how to de-stress before GA.

We recommend using the wonderful technology that is a smartphone to access these articles, and wish you a great read.

–Giada Benfatto (DE), Editress

EUROPE OFCHANGES

Editresses

Mathilde Pascal (FR)

Giada Benfatto (DE)

Journalists

Riccardo Passarella (CH)

Lauri Lahtinen (FI)

David Soler Crespo (ES)

Marek Haisl (CZ)

Maria Browarska (PL)

Mari Ylivaikko (FI)

Saara Rissainen (FI)

Marja Pentikäinen (FI)

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CONTENTSCONTENTS

The Silliness of the Finnish

LanguageOpening Doors

The Art of GAInterview

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AFCO - AFETITRE - EMPL IAGRI - EMPL IIREGI - INTA

12141618

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The Silliness of the Finnish Language: An Introduction

There always needs to be someone to blame. In the present case it is Mikael Agricola, the father of the Finnish written language. He started the whole silliness of Finnish with his translation of the New Testament. In the early 1500s there were no rules regarding the written Finnish language. Besides, the New Testament had words like “lion” that did not have an equivalent in Finnish. Thus were born some of the first silly Finnish words. For example, in the case of lion, Agricola made up the translation jalopeura, which means literally a noble deer. One could argue that Agricola’s decision was acceptable as there have never been lions in the Finnish nature anyway. It still makes one wonder why he thought of a peaceful deer when the lion is a completely different beast.

Thankfully jalopeura is not widely used anymore. However, another example of Agricola’s way of thinking is the word for dragon, lohikäärme, which consists of the words salmon (lohi) and snake (käärme).

Many Finnish words do not sound quite right when pronounced, either. The most obvious example is the word for love, rakkaus. Instead of sounding like what it means, rakkaus is an ugly and almost aggressive word, unlike the foreign equivalents such as l’amour.

“Minä rakastan sinua” (I love you) sounds awkward enough when written in standard language, but wait until the sentence is spoken in Turku. “Mää rakastan sua” could as well mean “The sheep are all being slaughtered” in a foreigner’s ears.

Truly Finnish words, many of which are names of traditional dishes, are best to reveal the nature of the language. A good example is kalakukko or bread baked fish, the name of which literally means a fish cock. Note that the dish does not usually include any poultry or penises. Another one is lörtsy, a pie filled with jam or meat. This dish does not have an English translation; however, imagine the sound of defecation and you will get close to what the name sounds like to a Finn.

However, the increasing amount of words borrowed from English threatens to make Finnish less unique, which would be a huge loss. The silliness of the Finnish language is nothing to be ashamed of. How many languages have as many swear words as Finnish? Probably not many, and none of them have the ever-so-powerful perkele. Difference is richness, so go and preach the gospel according to Mikael Agricola, the one about hybrid animals.- LL

The Finnish language is well known for its complicated grammar, but no one ever makes fun of mere words. It is a shame, since the language is nothing but silly inside out. No wonder that it is spoken by only 0.007% of the world population.

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Opening Doors

As Leo Tolstoy once said: “Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.’’ The same applies for each session of the European Youth Parliament. People arrive with fresh eyes and most often without any prejudices. Attending EYP sessions is always a new, magnificent and eye-opening experience, and each time participating in a session is somehow life-changing.

Sessions are always challenging and demanding, but also extremely rewarding. After a whole day of committee work, people will notice some changes in their ways of thinking. When coming out from the committee room, you might feel as a stranger to yourself. Gaining language skills or knowledge of a given topic is not the most important aspect. These intense days also change your attitude towards other people.

Each session is a new opportunity to develop yourself not only as a delegate, but also as a person. EYP sessions gather people with very different values and opinions. As the keyword of each weekend is teamwork, trying to adapt to these values is essential to reach consensus and come up with new, distinctive ideas for the resolution.

Participating in a session with an open mind and stepping out of your comfort

zone can affect your future. Giving a chance to a whole new view of life or choosing a whole different committee article than usually might be a life-changing decision. People have found their true passion in EYP and some even based their careers on it.

The EYP offers many opportunities to improve your skills in different fields. Attending a session can be done in many different ways and roles, for example as a journalist. Even if you do not find writing articles or taking pictures as your strength, trying a new role at a session can be surprisingly fascinating. During the weekend you can be surprised when you realise that you have just discovered an entirely new side of yourself.

The reason why people stay involved in the EYP is that sessions are life-changing. After sessions people might find themselves more open-minded and even a completely different person. At first participants may think that the EYP is a way to promote your opinions, but after a while these expectations are going to change. In this way, the EYP is not only an organisation where you can express your opinions or try to solve problems considering the topic – it is an organisation where you can improve yourself as a person and grow.

- MY

EYP sessions step out of the ordinary. After spending 48 hours with people who were complete strangers when you arrived and com-pleting both silly and serious tasks together, you might find yourself slightly changed.

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The Art of GA

Hands are shaking. Cold sweat. The whole committee’s load is on your shoulders. This is a situation that many first-time delegates face during their very first General Assembly. Whether you are giving a speech or answering questions in the open debate, fear and anxiety are real. Every old-hand EYPer knows that this problem will eventually be solved. Think of it as a resolution: you have a problem, you face it, work with it and finally come up with a solution.

Participants of the session shared their expectations for their first GA or their memories of it. Most of them are worried about not being able to speak due to stress, fear or anxiety. How can you, dear delegates, master the GA without stress?

Sara Laurikainen (AFET): “I remember that I was very nervous before the GA. I was shaking because of that. However, I was excited since I had a chance to give a summation speech.”

Aada Aadeli (organiser): “I was excited, although I did not know what was happening. Our resolution was the first one that day and I was supposed to give a defence speech so I was a bit nervous because of that.”

Aada and Sara are typical examples of how delegates act before the GA:

confused and excited, but nervous at the same time. Some of you will most likely face this kind of situation. After working hard for nine exhausting hours in your committees and putting a lot of effort in coming up with a resolution, being nervous before presenting your resolution is perfectly normal. In this kind of situation, have a sip of water. It calms your nerves, you relax a bit and, above all, it gives you a pause to think before the moment of truth. If you are giving a speech, remember to speak slower than usually and breathe during pauses. This does not only calm your nerves, but also makes your speech clearer and more convincing. This might be the most important advice anyone can ever give you.

Kejin Zhou (AFET): “I was excited, because it was my first time sitting among 200 other people who were facing the same situation. I took part in the open debate and I was nervous because of it. I think I could have spoken better, but in the end, I was really pleased with myself.”

What Kejin teaches from his experience is to not be too critical at yourself. Everybody makes mistakes every now and then. It is perfectly acceptable to sometimes be wrong and fail. You should be aware of your strengths and limitations and work according to them. If you feel like you

The General Assembly, better known as the GA, will take place on Sun-day. Get ready for intense debates with this article.

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failed for example in the open debate, do not blame yourself. You did your best, but the new, peculiar situation affected to your performance.

Juhani Ahokas (AGRI): “I had a sleepless night before the GA. In the nationals I was more aware of what to do.”

One does not simply sleep well the night before the GA. It is just not on the agenda. However, the worst mistake you can do during the GA is to fall asleep. It is disrespectful and rude for the committee presenting its resolution. Others have done a lot of work to identify problems and find solutions. Sleeping at least few hours before the GA is essential; still, remember to prepare for the GA by having a good look at each resolution – particularly your own. Eating well during the GA day helps you to stay focused and awake.

Mimmi Mannila (AFCO): “I guess it will be very intense, but I have heard that the atmosphere is nice and everyone supports each other.”

Mimmi’s expectations are true. Debates can get very intense. The direct responses play the key role in building intensity. Therefore, if

something pops up to your mind concerning the point being made, carpe diem – go for it and make a direct response. Sometimes the members of the board congratulate you on making an excellent direct response.

Jemina Vähämäki (EMPL II): “To be honest, I have no idea what is going to happen.”

Kiira Kupiainen (ITRE): “I do not have any expectations for the GA. What is the GA?”

Many of you are surely confused and wondering what is going to happen in the GA. The basic idea of the GA is to present resolutions, debate of them and put it to the vote. However, there are several different possible roles in the GA as well. These are illustrated in the mock resolution made by the journalists. Additionally, you will be well informed of them before the GA.

To be honest, mastering the GA without any stress is very challenging. It might seem hard to accept, but there is a chance that you will always be nervous about public speaking, even after several times practicing. So how you really master it? Well, you do not, and this is perfectly all right. - SR

Picture Board Opening Ceremony

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Mr Frawesome

After playing Chicken pilot at his first EYP session five years ago, Richard Janoušek could not imagine his life without EYP anymore. Since then, he has attended over twenty sessions in various roles. “Presiding a session one day has kept me going”, he comments.

Richard believes that academia is one of the most important things that EYP has taught him. He believes it is not just about knowing the facts, “I can see the bigger picture of things on a European level.” He also has hands-on experience on how things are experienced around Europe. During 2013, Richard has had home in four European countries. “I have two homes: the Czech Republic and the place where I currently live.”

In the academic year 2012–2013 Richard studied in Helsinki. During his stay, he fell for the Finnish language. He thinks learning Finnish is a vicious cycle: Finns are wowed by his language skills, which makes him want to learn Finnish even better. In addition to the language, Richard fancies the peculiarity of Finns and mustikkakeitto, the typical Finnish blueberry soup.

Richard is well known in EYP Finland. Turku 2013 is the third EYP session he has attended in Finland over the past

twelve months. In addition, he has attended several other events of EYP Finland – including the Journalists’ Training in May 2013, where he made his mascot, Mr Frawesome. Richard believes that the specialty of Mr Frawesome is that he made it with his own hands. “He is unique”, Richard says.

Behind just about anything Richard does, there is a deeper meaning. This even applies to Mr Frawesome. As Richard discovered the joy of a self-made mascot, he wanted others to experience the same feeling. This Christmas, his two nieces, aged three and nine, and nephew, aged three, will get a kit to create their own teddy bears.

Doing something meaningful also applies to the future carrier plans of Richard, who will get his Master’s Degree in MPhil and Economics from the University of Cambridge in 2014. He can imagine himself working for the European Central Bank or the World Bank in the future, but private banks are out of his wish list. As an ambitious man, Richard has also made plans to become the President of the Czech Republic in twenty years. “I want to give something back to the society”, Richard states. – MP

Richard Janoušek, the President of Turku 2013, is often seen entertain-ing EYPers with Mr Frawesome and delighting Finns with compliments – in Finnish. Behind the soft cover there is a hard-working man who aims at making society better for everyone.

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Committee Articles

AFCO

EMPL I

AGRI

REGI

INTA

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Committee Articles

AFET

ITRE

EMPL II

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AFCO


Have you ever wondered about the meaning of European elections? In times of high skepticism towards the Union, this is a question that could scare a few. As the Treaty on the Func-tioning of the European Union states, all nationals of a member state are citizens of the EU, and thus eligible to partici-pate in the elections both as candidates and voters. This only applies to citizens residing in any of the 28 member states, cutting out a good number of people liv-ing “abroad”. It is still arguable whether the impact of the European Parliament, and through it of citizens, is remarkable. However, considering the enormous progress made by the EP since the first direct election in 1979, its influence is bound to increase. This means that the voice of the people of Europe will become louder and louder.

Nonetheless, the future lies in the hands of the youth, but the youth does not seem keen to pick up the loudhailer. Data from the 2009 elections show that the participation of youngsters de-creased by 4% compared to 2004: less than 30% of the young people allowed to vote exercised their rights. This can be blamed on the uncertainty spread by the new versions of the treaties amend-ed by Lisbon, which in 2009 had not entered into force yet, or on the crisis,

which was a new event, but still frap-ping, but are these the actual reasons? Individuals between 18 and 24 might simply have lost their interest in politics, both at the national and internation-al level. It seems like they do not feel represented by political parties or do not think to be listened to. This is an issue that concerns not only youngsters. As shown lately by polls of the European Commission, 50% of respondents feel European, but fewer have the impres-sion that someone is there for them. The problem could come from the second-ary role of the citizens in the decisional process.

Back to young people, what can we do to raise participation in the European elections? Many suggest e-voting, while European bodies highly value the role of programs such as the EYP. However, e-democracy is more a platform than a real way to get people interested in politics, and political youth organisations are mainly attended by those who have already planned to vote. The political laziness of youngsters has kept philos-ophers busy since the Antiquity. Nev-ertheless, it is unlikely that anyone has tried to solve the issue by taking into account the opinion of those involved. It is time to show that young people are able to tackle their own problems. - RP

2014 will be an important year for the European Union. In May, with the elections to the European Parliament (EP) and the Commission, the two institutions representing the interests of the EU will be completely re-newed. For the first time the Lisbon treaty will apply in its entirety, thus changing, for instance, the allocation of seats in the EP.

Old (Voting) Habits Die Hard

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AFET

On 3rd July 2013, Mohamed Morsi, the first president of Egypt’s democra-cy and member of the Muslim Broth-erhood, was removed from power by a military coup. The army saw it as its responsibility to depose the president after numerous protests against his authoritarian way of ruling. The army announced that free elections would be called soon in Egypt. Meanwhile it started to arrest members of the Muslim Brotherhood, killing people, violating human rights and threatening democracy. The EU, in the name of democracy, should condemn these acts and work towards the restoration of peace.

In a statement on 18th August 2013, the EU made its position clear: “There is no alternative to dialogue. All the Egyptian political forces must recom-mit to the country’s democratic future”. However, telling Egypt what to do is not the way to go. Egypt is an inde-pendent, sovereign country that can decide for itself. The EU should not act as an imperialist regime.

Instead it must be responsible over Egypt and quickly take steps towards safeguarding democracy and human rights, without taking sides in the con-flict. The way out should be dialogue.

The EU cannot try to restore peace by using armed forces, as it is not a mili-tary union. Dialogues should start with the leader of the Egyptian army, the General Fattah el-Sisi, to call for early elections and stop the persecution of the Muslim Brotherhood.

This process will not be easy. General Fattah Al-Sisi will not simply agree to do what the EU tells him to. As the process will be long-lasting, the EU must not desist in its pursue of stability and take further steps if this objective is not met. This would represent a clear statement of its intentions to-wards the public. Only then will Egypt agree to cooperate. If the country is in-ternationally isolated, the government will face serious economic problems and be in the horns of a dilemma.

If the EU does not achieve its objective of reconverting Egypt into a democrat-ic country, it will be seen as a failure of democracy. If this is not to happen, the EU must recognise the urgency of the situation in Egypt and be aware of the possible consequences of a return to an authoritarian regime.

Egypt cannot take a step back to the past. The EU must help the country to take a step forward to building a real democracy. - DSC

The situation in Egypt has turned into a very worrying, difficult and urgent one. The country is now a politically divided state after the first democratically elected president was deposed by a military coup. Should the EU act upon this situation to safeguard democracy in Egypt?

The Egyptian Choice

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The Nuclear DivideOn 16th June 2013, a world record was achieved in Germany. For the first time in history, wind and solar power plants generated more than 60% of the national power supply capacity during a few hours. Germany’s investments in renewable energy seem to have paid off, possibly meaning that nuclear power, along with other dirty and dangerous fossil fuels, can finally be aban-doned.

ITRE

Even though the aforementioned record seems astonishing, overall only 22% of energy in Germany is produced using renewable sources. Besides, wind and solar power require an adequate weather. On some days the power plants will pro-vide massive amounts of electricity but on other days absolutely nothing. When re-newable energy proved insufficient, more coal and natural gas had to be used for energy production and heating.

To be fair, the research led in Germany on renewable energy still makes the country greener than many others. It is even said that there are more photovoltaic panels installed across Bavaria than in the entire United States. The goal of the program is to phase nuclear power out completely by 2020 in favour of renewable energy. Eight power plants have already been shut down, while nine are still operational.

The Energiewende, in English “energy transition“, also has its own drawbacks. Currently German citizens pay the highest electricity bills in Europe. It has been pre-dicted that the costs of the Energiewende will be paid for years to come.

Europe’s other extreme is France, where 76% of the electricity is generated using nuclear power, of which about 17% is produced from recycled nuclear fuel. The French public opinion on nuclear power has traditionally been accepting, even

positive, though the Fukushima disaster has somehow affected it.

In 2012, President François Hollande urged a partial nuclear phase-out. A nationwide debate was held from No-vember 2012 to June 2013. Later, a parliamentary commission called on the government to delay its planned reduc-tion of nuclear power. Though France will also move towards green energy, it will not embark on a similar crusade as Ger-many. In September 2013, the OPECST, a scientific commission of senators and MPs, warned that a rapid nuclear phase-out in France could cause a power price shock.

As the world’s largest net exporter of electricity, which is made possible by the low cost of generation, France gains over three billion euros annually from its energy exports. French electricity bills are also among the cheapest in Europe.

Both strategies have their advantages and disadvantages. However, there is a major concern that a nuclear catastrophe might happen in France. The French gov-ernment wants to evolve slowly towards more sustainable electricity. Their interest should speed up renewable energy proj-ects and lead to an energy conversion as soon as possible. - LL

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EMPL1

SOS: youth unemployment

The lowest unemployment rates among young Europeans are observed in Austria and Germany, where it is under 10 per cent. At the same time in Greece the rate is over 50 per cent. These differences amongst mem-ber states have led to an increase in mobility on the international labour market. People who face difficulties in their home countries are getting more willing to move to another EU country to improve their perspectives of finding a job. It is vital to recognise the chal-lenges in the unemployment in different areas, as it might lead to a brain drain in countries with higher unemployment rates.

When it comes to the high rates of unemployment, one of the main chal-lenges to tackle is making sure that unemployment among young Euro-peans does not become a permanent phenomenon. Otherwise the current generation of European youth might become irreversibly excluded from the labour market, posing a big threat for the structure of European societies. On today’s labour market, experience is getting more and more important, making unemployment a serious threat to young people trying to start their careers.

Even though the European youth is highly educated, they face difficulties when looking for a job suitable for their education. The inability to get em-ployed in their own field in their home countries explains why so many young people have to emigrate to other countries. This might lead to a brain drain in countries where the unemploy-ment rates are higher, which would be followed by a loss in competitive labour force. Because they cannot find a decent job, young people have to either accept temporary positions with low wages and struggle to make their ends meet, or find suitable job from somewhere else.

Even though the EU has started projects to prevent the rise of unem-ployment rates, a lot more should still be done at the international, national and regional levels. Supporting proj-ects such as the Youth Employment Initiative and the Youth Guarantee, encouraging employers to generate new opportunities for young people and co-operating are key actions that must be implemented to help youth on the labour market. As the economic crisis has affected some regions more than others, the EU should make a pri-ority of supporting job-seekers in those financially weaker countries. - MY

Over the past years, young Europeans have faced a desperate situa-tion where no jobs are offered, due to the economic down-turn. The situation is getting worse as unemployment rates keep rising. In Au-gust 2013, 26.6 million people were unemployed in Europe. These rising rates have a huge impact on society as a whole, for example when it comes to diminishing tax revenues.

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AGRIThe Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was established in 1962 with a target to guarantee a reasonable income for farmers and affordable food for Europe-ans citizens. Even though the goals are approved in modern EU as well, criticism towards CAP has been increasing. In the recent years, the CAP has been re-formed to match the modern world, but the criticism has not subsided. Despite its flaws, is the CAP still the best way to guarantee food supply in the EU?

As subsidies are vital for the agriculture in the EU, the CAP eats 40% of the EU budget, even though this percentage has been decreasing during the past de-cades. This has caused a debate on the appropriateness of this way to spend the EU’s money. The importance of increas-ing competitiveness of Member States in other sectors has gained attention es-pecially with the recent economic crisis. Member states should invest more in the economic growth of the EU rather than waste money on unprofitable agriculture.

At the same time, relying more on im-ported food may be extremely risky. The United Nations have estimated that the demand for food will increase by 70% worldwide by 2050. Despite the more and more modern technology used

in agriculture, the growing population poses challenges for food supply all over the world. It has also been claimed that, as climate change will likely harm agriculture in many parts of the world, member states should strive for self-suf-ficiency as much as possible. Experts have estimated climate change not to be as harmful for cultivation in Europe as it is for instance in many parts of Asia and Africa.

The safety of imported food products has also been under review. Pesticides are closely monitored in the EU and the growth of more ecological food is seen as one priority of the future food production. Yet, the EU has been able to monitor the safety of imported food so far. This leads to wonder why further supervising imported food in the future as well.

Staying self-sufficient in food supply is a critical challenge for the EU. It takes money away from other fields, causing well-justified criticism. However, in an uncertain and unpredictable world, the Common Agriculture Policy might be the only option to guarantee that future generations will not have to struggle with such a basic necessity as food. - MP

Food shortage is not considered as a major threat in EU member states. The Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) is therefore often seen as an unprofitable project with more cons than pros. However, as there are many questions regarding imported food, decisions concerning future food supply in the EU should not be made in haste.

The Harvest of the CommonAgricultural Policy

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EMPL2

The fact that the world population is ageing has been common knowledge for many years. The improvement of the living conditions enables today’s people to live much longer than their ancestors used to. The average life expectancy in the EU has reached 82.4 years for women and 76.4 for men. These numbers are still expected to grow. Although an increased life expectancy might be an indicator of development, birth rates have strongly decreased at the same time, leading to a rapid decrease in the EU popula-tion. Elderly people are slowly moving from the minority to the majority of our society. Unfortunately, this transforma-tion also has negative consequences. Let us get older for a while. Imagine you are 60 years old and you just got fired. Usually at this age, people go into retirement. However, because of the lack of active working people, retirement age has increased. Even if one overlooks the issue of unemploy-ment, it would be nearly impossible to find a job in such a situation. Most of your applications will be rejected due to age discrimination. Even though the society of the 21st century is consid-ered as highly developed, age dis-crimination on the labour market is still a major issue. Your job opportunities

are also limited. Only a small minority of elderly people are able to take a full-time job and be as productive as they used to be. There is a shared opinion that elderly employees are less innovative, not flexible, often ill, and lack enthusiasm. Those stereotypes are only making the situation even worse for you. So the most probable way that this situation is going to end is early retirement or social benefits. Not a great perspective, right?

It is true that the improvement of living conditions that we have known gives us the opportunity to experience long lives full of unforgettable experienc-es. However, changes are required, especially in the fields of health care, pension schemes and labour mar-ket. Otherwise the whole process of improving living conditions will become useless. - MH

At least 35% of the world population will be aged 65 and above by 2050. This expectation has created a discussion about the impact of an ageing population. Is the world ready to deal with such a composition of the society?

Growing Old

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REGI

Structural fund + cohesion fund = a more united Europe?

During the past nine years, the EU has expanded by allowing more and more Eastern European countries to join. The enlargements have resulted in the apparition of great economic differ-ences between member states. Since structural and cohesion funds make up a considerable part of the EU budget, their worth must be reconsidered. There must be a more efficient way to allocate this money while supporting peripheral areas in a different way. These funds are still a very experimen-tal, yet innovative field in the new forms of governance. However, the results of this funding are not as positive as they were supposed to be.

The objective of the structural and cohesion funds is to connect Europe by diminishing disparities regarding income, wealth and opportunities among EU member states. These funds are meant to play a major role in building a coherent and coopera-tive Europe in terms of trading and markets. They should result in boost-ing internal markets and increasing the average gross domestic product (GDP). In addition, the possibility of future conflicts between EU member states could be diminished, fulfilling the

fundamental goal of the EU: bringing peace to Europe.

However, it takes a long time to reach these results. Nowadays the EU spends one-third of its budget in these complicated and, above all, very costly funds, when this money could be used for better purposes, like finding a way out of the current situation. In the long run, the development of these now peripheral – but maybe someday met-ropolitan – areas of Europe will contrib-ute to build a prosperous EU. Never-theless action must be taken now, not in several years. Instead of granting funds to converging regions almost too wealthy to receive them, such as some parts of Sweden or Ireland, the EU could concentrate on areas that are truly in need. Funds should be granted for the areas that are truly eligible un-der the convergence objective and not phasing in or out. The leftover money could be used for helping the countries in need, such as Spain and Greece.

The EU should act according to its needs. Funding peripheral areas is im-portant, but using one-third of the EU budget in times of economic decline is a typical example of an inefficient allocation of money. - SR

The European Union uses structural and cohesion policies to fund the peripheral areas of Europe. It allocates one-third of its overall budget to these funds. However, in sight of the current economic situation in Europe, this money could be allocated more efficiently.

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INTA

Cutting on Red-Tape

International business transactions are both profitable and extremely troublesome for SMEs. Imagine there is a company in country A that buys 78 tons of biscuits, for which it has to pay a value added tax up to 25%. This tax can be later refunded when the company sells these biscuits to another company in country B. The system seems to be fair, but what is wrong about it is the fact that there are no common rules for companies to follow in order to get the refund. Each country has its own rules, which are hard to translate, not to mention to understand. The differences are quite substantial. Irish refund forms have six text boxes to fill whereas Italian ones can have up to 586 text boxes. In some countries a company has to wait several months for decisions that are made in one day in the United King-dom.

The proposal of the European Com-mission wants to replace the 28 national systems with a simple and uniform EU approach. The intent is to harmonise the return forms. Future forms should have five mandatory information boxes, with the possibility to include 21 additional boxes easier to translate and understand. Further-

more, the deadlines for filling in the forms as well as the period allocated to governments to give their decisions will be unified. The whole procedure will be taken care of via the Internet. Simplifying and uniting the procedure will also improve the level of security since tax frauds are extremely com-mon EU countries.

Hopefully the proposal will come into force in 2017 if the member states agree on it. It would be a remarkable improvement for companies operating in different countries but also a chal-lenge for governments that will have to change their standards, putting a lot of effort and, of course, money in this ad-justment. All in all, the proposal seems like an ingenious solution that respects different tax systems and simplifies the process. It is a logical step in the effort to streamline and unite the economies of EU countries, after many changes implemented in the Eurozone already. SMEs will be able to focus on the actual transactions and finding new contractors instead of filling in forms and dealing with late tax refunds that can very often lead to cash flow issues. - MB

Three years have passed since the European Commission adopted the Green Paper on the future of VAT towards a simpler, more robust and efficient VAT system. A first proposal has just been announced.

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www.arkea.fi

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2880 minutes – issue1

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