29.2 Europe Plunges 29.2 Europe Plunges Into WarInto War

Pancho, Mimi, Andrea P, Roberto & Pancho, Mimi, Andrea P, Roberto & CarminaCarmina

IntroductionIntroduction

By 1914, Europe was divided into two rival camps By 1914, Europe was divided into two rival camps the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.

Then the Serbian Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Then the Serbian Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Austria-Hungary.Franz Ferdinand from Austria-Hungary.

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Then Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Then Russia declared war con Austria-Hungary.Russia declared war con Austria-Hungary.

Objective 1Objective 1

Explain how Austria's declaration of war caused a reaction.

Austria-Hungary declared war to Serbia but Austria-Hungary declared war to Serbia but Russia helped Serbia and then Germany helped Russia helped Serbia and then Germany helped Austria-Hungary. The Alliance System pulled Austria-Hungary. The Alliance System pulled everyone into war.everyone into war.

The others alliances started to join in the The others alliances started to join in the battle, countries like Japan, Italy, France, Great battle, countries like Japan, Italy, France, Great Britain, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.Britain, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

The Central Powers: Austria-Hungary and The Central Powers: Austria-Hungary and Germany.Germany.

The Allied Powers Great Britain, France, and The Allied Powers Great Britain, France, and Russia.Russia.

Millions of soldiers went cheerful to wat.Millions of soldiers went cheerful to wat.

They thought it would be short, but it lasted 4 They thought it would be short, but it lasted 4 years.years.

Objective 2Objective 2

Describe the military events that happened at the Western Front

In the fall of 1914, the war turned into and In the fall of 1914, the war turned into and bloody stalemate. The region of the bloody bloody stalemate. The region of the bloody stalemate was also known as the WESTERN stalemate was also known as the WESTERN FRONT.FRONT.

Germany was fighting two fronts. The Western Germany was fighting two fronts. The Western Front with France. The Eastern Front with Front with France. The Eastern Front with Russia.Russia.

Germany developed the Schlieffen Plan by General Germany developed the Schlieffen Plan by General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen. Consisted in attacking Alfred Graf von Schlieffen. Consisted in attacking and taking down the French. Then attack and take and taking down the French. Then attack and take down the Russian. It did not work.down the Russian. It did not work.

By early 1915, opposing armies on the Western Front had dug miles of parallel trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire. This was known as trench warfare.

Life in trenches was pure misery “The men slept in mud, ate in mud, washed in mud, and dreamed mud".

The space between the opposite sides was known as "no man's land" The Western Front had become The Western Front had become a "terrain of dead" it covered nearly 500 miles a "terrain of dead" it covered nearly 500 miles from the North Sea to the Swiss border.from the North Sea to the Swiss border.

Technology helped by killing more people faster.Technology helped by killing more people faster.

Annihilation reached its peak in 1916.

In the Battle of Verdun, 600,000 men died. In the Battle of Some 1 million.

Objective 3Objective 3

Explain the advancement of the war at the Eastern Front.

The Eastern Front caused thousands of lifes too. It was the battlefield between the Germans and the Russian border. Russians and Serbs battled Germans and Austro-Hungarians.

Russian forces launched an attack into Austria and Germany. Germany counterattacked then they crushed the invading Russian army and drove it into full retreat. More than 30,000 Russian soldiers were killed.

Russia fought better against the Austrians. They defeated the Austrians twice but then Austria defeated the Russians and pushed them out of Austria-Hungary.

By 1916 Russia had not yet been industrialized

Russian army was often short on food, guns, Russian army was often short on food, guns, clothes and other resourcesclothes and other resources

Supply shipments sent from the Allies were Supply shipments sent from the Allies were limited by the German submarine campaignlimited by the German submarine campaign

The Ottomans controlled the straits leading from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea.

The Russian Army had a large number of soldiers. The Russian Army had a large number of soldiers.

The suffered a lot of battlefield loses.The suffered a lot of battlefield loses.

The army was continually rebuilt by Russia's large The army was continually rebuilt by Russia's large population.population.

They managed to retain the Germans in the East.

The Germans was busy fighting the Russians The Germans was busy fighting the Russians and could not concentrate fully on fighting at and could not concentrate fully on fighting at the West.the West.

As the war continued fighting spread to As the war continued fighting spread to Southwest and Southeast Asia.Southwest and Southeast Asia.

The conflict became a World War. The conflict became a World War.

ConclusionConclusionThe alliances instead of keeping countries from The alliances instead of keeping countries from fighting, they spurred war. The countries went fighting, they spurred war. The countries went with honor and nationalism to war. But soldiers with honor and nationalism to war. But soldiers lost hope when they figured out it wouldn’t be lost hope when they figured out it wouldn’t be short. Countries lost millions of soldiers over short. Countries lost millions of soldiers over nothing.nothing.