2abap interview questions

7/21/2019 2abap Interview Questions

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ABAP interview

questions and answers1. What is an ABAP data dictionary? - ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logicalstructures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped tothe underlying relational database in tables/views.

. What are domains and data element? - !omains"!omain is the central object for describingthe technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. #t describes the value range ofthe field. !ata $lement" #t is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields li%edescription the field. !ata element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.&.What is foreign key relationship? - A relationship which can be defined between tables andmust be e'plicitly defined at field level. (oreign %eys are used to ensure the consistency of data.

!ata entered should be chec%ed against e'isting data to ensure that there are now contradiction.)hile defining foreign %ey relationship cardinality has to be specified. *ardinality mentions howmany dependent records or how referenced records are possible.4. Describe data classes. - +aster data" #t is the data which is seldomly changed. ,ransactiondata" #t is the data which is often changed. rgani ation data" #t is a customi ing data which isentered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. ystemdata"#t is the data which 0/& system needs for itself.

. What are indexes? - #nde'es are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specificfields. ,his data e'ists in sorted form. ,his sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables.#n order that other fields are also read2 a pointer to the associated record of the actual table areincluded in the inde'. 3he inde'es are activated along with the table and are created

automatically with it in the database.. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables. - ,ransparent tables" ,ransparenttables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. #ts structurecorresponds to single database field. ,able in the database has the same name as in the dictionary.,ransparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has amany-to-one relation with the table in database. ,able in the database has the different name as inthe dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.5. What is an ABAP/4 !ery? - ABAP/4 6uery is a powerful tool to generate simple reportswithout any coding. ABAP/4 6uery can generate the following & simple reports" Basic 7ist" #t isthe simple reports. tatistics" 0eports with statistical functions li%e Average2 Percentages. 0an%ed7ists" (or analytical reports. - (or creating a ABAP/4 6uery2 programmer has to create user group

and a functional group. (unctional group can be created using with or without logical databasetable. (inally2 assign user group to functional group. (inally2 create a 8uery on the functionalgroup generated.

9. What is BD" programming? - ,ransferring of large/e'ternal/legacy data into AP system usingBatch #nput programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred t

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oas B!*:Batch !ata *ommunications;.,he central component of the transfer is a 8ueue filewhich receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into<sessions=.

>. What are the f!nctional mod!les !sed in se#!ence in BD"? - ,hese are the & functional

modules which are used in a se8uence to perform a data transfer successfully using B!* programming" B!*? P$@? 0 P - Parameters li%e @ame of the client2 sessions and user nameare specified in this functional modules. B!*?#@ $0, - #t is used to insert the data for onetransaction into a session. B!*?*7 $? 0 P - ,his is used to close the batch input session.

1C. What are internal tables? - #nternal tables are a standard data type object which e'ists onlyduring the runtime of the program. ,hey are used to perform table calculations on subsets ofdatabase tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.

11. What is $%&? What are the merits of $%&? - #, is a #nternet ,ransaction erver. #, formsan interface between D,,P server and 0/& system2 which converts screen provided data by the 0/&system into D,+7 documents and vice-versa. +erits of #, " A complete web transaction can bedeveloped and tested in 0/& system. All transaction components2 including those used by the #,outside the 0/& system at runtime2 can be stored in the 0/& system. ,he advantage of automaticlanguage processing in the 0/& system can be utili ed to language-dependent D,+7 documents atruntime.

1 . What is DynPro? - !ynPro is a !ynamic Programming which is a combination of screen andthe associated flow logic creen is also called as !ynPro.

1&.What are screen painter and men! painter? - creen painter" creen painter is a tool todesign and maintain screen and its elements. #t allows user to create # screens for thetransactions. Attributes2 layout2 filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of creen painter.+enu painter" +enu painter is a tool to design the interface components. tatus2 menu bars2 menulists2 (-%ey settings2 functions and titles are the components of +enu painters. creen painter andmenu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.

14. What are the components of &AP scripts? - AP scripts is a word processing tool of APwhich has the following components" tandard te't. #t is li%e a standard normal documents. 7ayoutsets. - 7ayout set consists of the following components" )indows and pages2 Paragraph formats2*haracter formats. *reating forms in the 0/& system. $very layout set consists of Deader2

paragraph2 and character string. ABAP/4 program.

1 . What is A'( programming in ABAP? When is this grid !sed in ABAP? - A7E isApplication 7ist viewer. ap provides a set of A7E :ABAP 7# , E#$)$0; function modules

which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. ,his set of A7E functions is used toenhance the readability and functionality of any report output. *ases arise in sap when the outputof a report contains columns e'tending more than characters in length. #n such cases2 this setof A7E functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from areport output and also save different variants for report display. ,his is a very efficient tool fordynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. ,he report output cancontain up to >C columns in the display with the wide array of display options

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.1 . What are the e)ents in ABAP/4 lang!age? - #nitiali ation2 At selection-screen2 tart-ofselection2 end-of-selection2 top-of-page2 end-of-page2 At line-selection2 At usercommand2 At P(2

et2 At @ew2 At 7A ,2 A, $@!2 A, (#0 ,.15. What is "%& and what do yo! know abo!t it? - ,he *hange and ,ransport ystem :*, ; is a

tool that helps you to organi e development projects in the ABAP )or%bench and in *ustomi ing2and then transport the changes between the AP ystems and clients in your system landscape.,his documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the *, andessential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transportstrategy. 0ead and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

19. What are logical databases? What are the ad)antages/ dis*ad)antages of logicaldatabases? - ,o read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database

provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages"i;chec% functions which chec% that user input is complete2 correct2and plausible. ii;+eaningfuldata selection. iii;central authori ation chec%s for database accesses. iv;good read access

performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. disadvantages" i;#f you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes2the $, eventsnever occur. ii;,here is no $@! $, command2so the code bloc% associated with an event endswith the ne't event statement :such as another $, or an $@!- (- $7$*,# @;.

1>. What is a batch inp!t session? - BA,*D #@P , $ # @ is an intermediate step betweeninternal table and database table. !ata along with the action is stored in session ie data for screenfields2 to which screen it is passed2 program name behind it2 and how ne't screen is processed.

C.+ow to !pload data !sing "A%% ? - ,hese are the steps to be followed to pload datathrough *A,," *reation of the *A,, test case F recording the sample data input. !ownload ofthe source file template. +odification of the source file. pload of the data from the source file.

1. What is &mart ,orms? - mart (orms allows you to create forms using a graphicaldesign tool with robust functionality2 color2 and more. Additionally2 all new forms developedat AP will be created with the new mart (orm solution.

. +ow can $ make a differentiation between dependent and independent data? - *lientdependent or independent transfer re8uirements include client specific or cross client objects inthe change re8uests. )or%bench objects li%e APscripts are client specific2 some entries incustomi ing are client independent. #f you display the object list for one change re8uest2 and thenfor each object the object attributes2 you will find the flag client specific. #f one object in the tas%list has this flag on2 then that transport will be client dependent.

&.What is the difference between macro and s!bro!tine? - +acros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are e'panded at compilation / generation.ubroutines :( 0+; can be called from both the program the are defined in and other

programs . A +A*0 is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used morethan once or twice. A ( 0+ is a local subroutine :which can be called e'ternal;. A ( @*,# @is :more or less; a subroutine that is called e'ternal. ince debugging a +A*0 is not really

possible2 prevent the use of them :#Gve never used them2 but seen them in action;. #f thesubroutine is used only local :called internal;



use a ( 0+. #f the subroutine is called e'ternal :used by more than one program; use a( @*,# @.

4. #s there any standard AP report which gives a count of the number of times a program ise'ecuted H

. A- ,ry tr ans action ,A, . 5. - )hen we create a customer the information is updatedin structure 0(C ! and the

some tables li%e I@A1 are updated. Dow can we find the tables for master data trans actionsH A- o to ABAP )or%bench -J verview -J application hierarchy - AP -Jfollow the customi ing based tree for your application. !ouble clic% on a lowest hierarchylevel to get for the correct mar%ed development class. Dere you can find all the tables2 views2logical databases etc. used for a system operation.

9. >. &C. - Dow can we use *A! withAP H

A- ,hird party tools from $igner K Partner provide interfaces to AP. Another third partysoftware - (astloo% Plus from Iamel oftware enables you to view all of the Autocad formats.

&1. & . - Dow can # access AP through Internet H

A- AP has its own #nternet tr ans action Server :#, ; . ther products include Daht2)eb bjects2 @et!ynamics etc. $ach product has itsL own architecture. Dowever to access thedatabase2 access paths AP # or 0(* *hannel have to be used.

&&. &4. - Dow can we tr ans port the standard te'tH

A- 0efer note && in for a complete e'planation. ,he APscript objects that should be trans ported must be written in a tr ans port re uest. ,he entries are as follows" 0&,0 ( 0+

@A+$ :@A+$ M @ame of the layout set; 0&,0 ,37 @A+$ :@A+$ M @ame of the style;0&,0 ,$N, BO$*,2@A+$2#!27 : BO$*, M ,e't object2 @A+$ M ,e't name2 #! M ,e't#!2 7 M ,e't language; #f you want to tr ans port a number of te'ts2 you can use report0 ,N,0A@ to insert the individual te't %eys into a correction. ,he tr ans port re uest must beentered and released via the tr ans port system.

& . & . - Dow to find what tr ans actions a particular user was running for a given period in the

st past :$g" from 1of a month ; A- 3ou mayuse the tr ans action - ,A,.

&5. &9. " )e want protect/loc% a field so that only selected people can change the value whileothers can only read. Dow to set the authori ationsH A- *reate an authori ation object for changemode. 7oop at screen in the user e'it and set input to C. *hec% the user based on sy-uname andthe authori ation. !ecide whether input should be C or 1



.&>. 4C. - Dow to loc% an user defined tr ans action for some time during which no user can

access the sameH A- se tr ans action +C1. croll through the tr ans actions and chec%against the tr ans action to be loc%ed. And after the maintenance is over2 go bac% to

+C1 and unchec% the same to unloc%.

41. 4 . B ! * 4&. - ur ABAP program is wor%ing properly in (oreground. *an #schedule it for

bac%ground processing on the wee%endH A- AP standard program 0 B!* B helps you toschedule the job. *reate a variant for 0 B!* B with the B!* session name.

44. 4 . - Dow can we send a mail to the user intimating him that his report/B!* is completed

in bac%groundH A- 3ou can use ( @*,# @ 0 ? $@!?+A#7?( 0? P 77# , #fni' is being used2 you may send a report to any internet mail with the following"

4 . 0$P 0, @!+A#7 . 45. !A,A" * +@!: CC; type c. 49. !A,A" 0$ 7,: CC; type coccurs 1CC with header line. 4>. PA0A+$,$0 " (#7$: C; type c lower case defaultL/sapdata/sd?outbound/testmail.datL. C. PA0A+$,$0 " BO$*,: C; type c lower case. 1.PA0A+$,$0 " $+A#7: C; type c lower case. . #@#,#A7# A,# @. &. ,0 ans 7A,$ $+A#7, 7 )$0 *A $. 4. ,A0,- (- $7$*,# @. . ,0 ans 7A,$ $+A#7 , 7 )$0 *A $.

. * @*A,$@A,$ LcatL (#7$ LQ elm -s F uotRL subject LF uotRL email into comnd

seperated by space. 5. *A77 L 3 ,$+L #! L* ++A@!L (#$7! comnd L,ABL (#$7!@#N?0$ 7, -

S 3 S. 9. 7oop at 0esults. >. write" /1 results. C. endloop 1. end-of-selection. . &.AP cript 4. - )e get the total number of pages as e'pected by using L AP *0#P,-

( 0+PA $ Lin a duple' layout. #n our case duple' case is always L,erms F *onditionsL. )e do not want thenumber of pages as in duple' printing. )hat is the best possible solutionH A- n the ,erms F*onditions page2 *hange the Page counter mode to LD 7!L to %eep the page counter fromincrementing when you print the ,erm F *onditions.

. . - *an # Print a logo on an #nvoiceH

A- ave a 7ogo using Paintshop Pro or *orel !raw as ,iff file. se 0 ,N7!+* to convert thelogo to standard te't in ap cript. )hen the program is e'ecuted2 the path



and file name have to be correctly specified. Process could be li%e the following" 0un0 ,N7!+* $nter file name *"T+A#7T* +P7 .,#( 0esolution for ,iff file Absolute N-

position Absolute 3-position Absolute positioning 0eserved height hift to right + M *+,e't title 7ine width for te't M 1& ,e't name D$N-+A*0 -* +P7 ,e't #! , ,e't

language M $ Postscript scaling )idth F Deight according to P scaling @umber of ,iff graylevels : 242>; ,hen *reate a new window L* +PL with attributesR )indow * +P description*ompany 7ogo )indow type * @ , 7eft margin 5.CC *D window width 1C.CC *D ppermargin 7@ window height 9.CC 7@ (inally in the te't element 2 mention /" #@*7 !$ L D$N-+A*0 -* +P7 L BO$*, ,$N, #! , 7A@ A $ L$L. Please note that if objectname is not indicated as L D$N...L2 the logo may not be printedU 3ou will not be able to see thelogo in a test print. ,he same will be printed in actual printout. #f you are using two logos in thesame layout2 the names of the logos should be uni ue. ay L D$N-+A*0 -7 1L andL D$N-+A*0 -7 L. $lse all the information will be overwritten. #f the logo is not$NA*,73 ,#(( .C 2 the same will not be printed. ee notes >> 2 19C4 2 &>C&1 forsome inputs.

5. 9. 0(* >. - )e want to move a AP table to an Access tableusing

,AB7$?$NP 0,?, ?+ A**$ ?0(* #mporting parameters are !B@A+$ !$ ,(7 ?APP$@! (7 ?P P P 7A@ ,he table has three columns" ,AB@A



++A@!, !A,A )e have no $'porting parameters. Dow shall we set the parametersH A-#nstall the P utilities2 which are part of AP # install *!. 3ou may run report 0#A**$from $&9. o to A7$ -J *ommunication -J !efine 0(* !estination. etup two 0(*destinations P ?A**$ ?1 and P ?A**$ ? and will have to get them to point to

wdpsastr.e'e and wdpsatab.e'e respectively. ,hen e'ecute 0#A**$ and chooseP ?A**$ ?1 to generate access tables. Please note that Access only supports tables withup fields.

5C. 51. - )e want an 0(* do the following tr ans actions - +B1A2 +B1*2J+BC1 :goods

receipt/issue;. A- *all the 0(* #@B @!?#! *?P0 *$ with #! *?* @,0 7and #! *?!A,A. ,he structure in the field sdata in the #! *?!A,A are e1mb'yh ande1mb'yi.

5 . 5&. ,r ans ports 54. - #n a !ev instance2 we want to tr ans port a modification to a layout setfrom one client

to another. )hat is the best wayH A- use tr ans action $51. *hoose tilities-J*opy from*lient. 7ayout sets need not be tr ans ported between clients 2 via tr ans port re uests!$EI''''''.

5 . 5 . - )e need to %eep trac% of the tr ans ports that need to flow through to other systems :ie2

!$E2 , ,2 ,0@2 P0! etc;. #s there a way do thisH A- AP*0A(, enables you to control the*, from !$E system. ,his %eeps trac% of all tr ans ports at all stages and enables you toallocate #mport2 e'port and Authori ation functions to specific user.

55. 59. ,ables 5>. - )e specify the logical database. And we want a field that is not present inany of the

tables defaulted in logical database. Dow can we want to add this additional field from adifferent tableH A- . Presume you have a

9C. logical database 91. table 1 9 . table 9&. table & 94. !efine the re uired field asadditional field say fld of table 12 table or table & 9 . and then in the code sectiondefine. 9 . Perform get?f1d: '''''''; using f1d. 95. (orm ''''''' could be li%eR 99.(orm get?f1d using f. 9>. elect S from where LconditionsL >C. f M table4 - f1d.

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.")e need to download an internal table to the Presentation erver:local wor%station;. )henever

we run the program2 the same file has to be saved as a separate file in se uential order. $'"CCC1.t't2 CCC .t't etc. )here can we store the last file numberH A- AP has a table ,EA0E forstoring the variants. A record may be created in ,EA0E for all the programs that re uire this %ind

of incremental records. (or $'" the record could be 1CC mm1CCC1 ++ se uence rec where first part consists of client code and the program being run. *lient code is re uired because ,EA0Edoes not has a field for client code. ,he second part is the description indicating the purpose whatthe record is created. ,his entire string may be posted in the @ame field :char - &C;. ,he ,ype field: char- 1; may be populated with P or :Parameter or election; 7ow field :char- 4 ; may be

populated with LCCC1L when run first time and increment it by one in your program for downloadingof the internal table.

Batch input / !irect input

Q: )e are calling tr ans action E7C1 in batch input to create deliveries using a program for

delivery due list. Dow ever we are unable to create deliveries for tr ans portstock

orders. )hyH A: Batch-inputs can not be used to fill the F uotRdelivery due listF uotR screen because it isnot a dynpro. ,his is a standard AP report. A AP report :chec% with F uotR ystem -J

tatusF uotR; may be called using B+#, sentence with the appropriate options . #t is preferred to call a report than create a Batch-input program.

- )hat are some sample !irect input data tr ans fer programsH A- #n ++ for +aterial +asterdata - 0+!A,#@! (# - for Accounting !ocuments - 0(B#B7CC PP - for #ndependent re

uirements - 0+C #@CC *A - for *lassification data - 0**7B#C&

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