2f sulphur and nitrogen. allotropes of sulphur sulphur molecule consists of 8 atoms in a ring form
TRANSCRIPT
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2f Sulphur and Nitrogen
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Allotropes of sulphur
Sulphur molecule consists of 8 atoms in a ring form.
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Allotropes of sulphur
It melts at 115°C (low) which is because of its simple molecular structure.
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Allotropes of sulphur
At first the sulphur is very runny because of the weak bonds between the sulphur molecules (intramolecular bonds)
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Allotropes of sulphur
As it is heated more strongly, the rings break and join together to make long chains. It becomes sticky.
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Allotropes of sulphur
Near to the boiling point, the chains start to break, the liquid is less viscous and it starts to evaporate.
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Allotropes of sulphur
When it evaporates it forms S2 molecules (like O2 which is also group 6)
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Allotropes of sulphur
If it is poured quickly into water, plastic sulphur is made.It is “frozen” in long chain molecules like rubber.
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Allotropes of sulphur
It will eventually change back into S8.
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Nitrogen
• Extracted from air by fractional distillation
• If air is cooled down, at -183°C oxygen condenses into a liquid and then at -196°C Nitrogen condenses too.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is generally an unreactive gas, and needs fairly extreme conditions to get it to react with oxygen
Its inert nature is used to help preserve food.
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Ammonia NH3
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Ammonia NH3
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Ammonia NH3
• Only common alkaline gas Only common alkaline gas.
• EASILY dissolves in water
• Turns damp litmus paper blue.
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Laboratory preparation of NH3
• Heat solid ammonium chloride with solid calcium hydroxide
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Ammonia + acids
• Ammonia (an alkali) reats with acids to form salts
NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3
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Ammonium (NH4+) salts
• Ammonium nitrate – NH4NO3
• Ammonium sulphate – (NH4)2SO4
• Ammonium chloride – NH4Cl