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Hydrographic Survey

� nautical charting, � port and harbor maintenance (dredging), � coastal engineering (beach erosion and replenishment studies),� coastal zone management, � and offshore resource development. � Measurement of tides at sea coast for tidal analysis and predictions� Determination of direction of current

A hydrographic survey may be conducted to support a variety of activities:

The Activities of Hydrographic Survey

Activities of Hydrographic Survey What are the Marine information..?

• Seabed Geology

Used of seismic equipment..eg- boomer/parker with hydrophone..• Seabed sediment..

Used of equipment such as…grab, vibro corer etc.• Depth

Used of Echosounder – single beam or multibeam

• Seabed topography/informationUsed of Side scan Sonar and etc.

• Physical Oceanography Temperature, current, tides, salinity etc.

• Gravity and earth’s magnetic field

To produce magnetic chart – magnetic distribution, gravimetric and geomagnetic data

What are the aspect of hydrography?

• Can be divided into 3 main aspects:-

– Coastal• Most of the jobs at coastal area are related to the construction of

port/harbors, other engineering structures, coastal erosion, port and harbor maintenance – maintenance dredging along the port channels (safety navigation)

– Offshore

• Data collections for coastal zone.• Offshore exploration – hydrocarbon (oil & gas)

• Data collections for fisheries industry

– Oceanic • Data collections for seabed mapping – continental shelf survey

• Hydrographic survey data collections is a very systematic process and very costly.

• The final output is in nautical chart, hydrographic plan.

• International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)

• Federation International Des Geometres (FIG)• The Hydrographic Society

• The International Congress of Institutes of Navigation• The International Maritime Organization

• The International of Lighthouse Authorities

• The International Telecommunication Union• The International Electrotechnical Commission

List of Hydrographic Society

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• Data Collections

– Geophysics, bathymetry, current, tides, seabed sampling, positioning.• Data Processing

– All data have to process before a pictorial representation of the seabed relief can be obtain

• Data Presentation– Nautical Chart, hydrographic plan, bathymetric plan

• Data Updating

– As Nautical Chart is very essential, so it must be up to date.– Any changes after the chart has been produced, have to be added on

the chart.– ‘Notices to mariners’ is a weekly publication to inform the mariners

about any changes to nautical chart. Eg; construction, aid to navigations

The Scope of Work in Hydrographic Survey IHO Standard for Hydrographic Survey

Minimum Standard for Hydrographic Survey Minimum Standard for Navigation

• Mostly it is used by the mariners.

• However can be divided into 3 main cores:-– Sea Navigation

– Coastal Zone Management– Oil and Gas Exploration

The used of Hydrographic Data

• According to THE THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOSS III), FIG/IHO has design a standard curriculum called Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors

• There are 3 categories of Hydrographer:-

– Category A

– Category B

– Category C

Categories of Hydrographer

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Malaysia Agency Related to Hydrography

• Pusat Hidrografi Negara (TLDM)

• Jabatan Kerja Raya• Jabatan Laut Malaysia

• Jabatan Perikanan• Lembaga Pelabuhan

• Jabatan Parit dan Saliran

• Petronas, Shell, Exxon Mobil• Jabatan Kajibumi

• Etc