2nd semester assignment - mb0028

8/9/2019 2nd Semester Assignment - MB0028

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Set 1 ROLL NO. 530910706 - 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT - MB0028

Name Syed Khaleelullah

Roll No. 530910706

Program MBA 2nd Sem

Subject Production and OperationsManagement, set1

Code MB0032


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1. Explain the various automated systems for transfer ofmaterials in the production plant? Illustrate youranswer by considering an example of an automobileshowroom.

Basically, automation system comes to reduce labor power and time inthe production. Here we can see the evolution systems with someexamples. The goods requited by society were produces in smallquantities by craftsman who would know the need of the community andproduced them by their own hands with simple tools. The apprentices orby another craftsman, who would make them to meet the requests made.The parts and components used to make these machines had to bereplaced when they wore making parts so that interchangeability wasachieved made setting up standards and specifications important formeeting

The craftsmen gave way to engineers, workers, superiors and inspectors.Division of labor became necessary to achieve efficiencies and the jabsthat became specialized. Competition has necessitated improved quality,reduced sates and better services to the customer.

Automation systems cost huge sums of money and therefore a deepanalysis of the various factors has to be done. For services, automationusually means labor saving devices in education, long distance learningtechnology helps in supplementing class room instruction. The facilitating

goods that are used are web site and videos.

Automation in the banking sector has resulted in ATMs which same thebanks a huge amount customer satisfaction. Automation is ideas whenthe service provided or the product manufactured is highly standardized.

Some extent of automation can be designed even with customization i. e.product or service a meant to produce or deliver low volume specific to arequirement. The advantages of automation is it has low variability andwill be more consistent on a repetitive basis

The machines have sensing and control devices that enable them tooperate automobile. The simplest of them called machine attachmentsreplace human effort. They guide, locate, move and achieve reviseposition by means of came, optical sensing. Load sensing mechanismsand activate the controls to remove human intention.

Robots are higher in the order of automation as they perform a variety oftasks. They are designed to move movements according to programmerswritten into the computer that inside them.

With the help of automation, inspection of component can be done 100%ensures highest quality identification and movement of materials are



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helped by bar codes which are read and fed into the system farmonitoring quantity, location, movement etc. They help the automatedsystems to start information and provide information for effecting anychanges necessary. To make effective use of automated machines, weneed to have the movement of materials from and to different time as

stores, automated, Automated storage and Retrieval systems- ASRS-receive orders for materials from anywhere in the production area, collectmaterials in the works times. Computers and information systems areused for placing orders for matters, give commands adjust inventoryrecords which show the location and quantity of materials needed.

Automated guided vehicle systems- AGVS are pallet trucks and unitload carriers follow embedded guide wires or paint strips to destinationsas programmed.

In an automobile showroom we can see all the work automatically withlatest machine.

2. State the important considerations for locating anautomobile plant? Collect information on layoutplanning of an automobile plant from various sourcesand furnish the same.

To locate an automobile company or plant many thing should be consider.

For an automobile plant automated flaw lines, automated assembly lines,flexible manufacturing systems, global transition rapid prototyping.Building manufacturing flexibility things are necessity.

About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linkedby a transfer system which moves the parts by using handling machineswhich are also automated, we have an automated flow line.

Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the operations are takingplace according to standards. When these can be achieved with the help

of automation and the processes are conducted with self regulation, wewill have automated flow lines established.

In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component ismanufactured using services operations and machines it is possible toachieve this condition. We assume that product life cycles are sufficientlystable to interest heavily on the automate flow lines to achieve reducescast per unit.

Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in

the sequence they are designed at each station continuously. The finisheditem came out at the end of the line.



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In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials fromstation to station and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specifiedplace and system them by perusing, riveting, & crewing or even welding.Sensors will keep track of their activities and move the assembles to the

next stage.

The machines are arranged in a sequence to perform operations accordingto the technical requirements.

The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlledautomatically without the need for workers involvement.

The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It reduces thenumbers of systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space

needed to install them. One of the major cancers of modernmanufacturing systems is to be able to respond to market demands whichhave uncertainties.

Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in smallnumber so as to determine the suitability of the materials, study thevarious methods of manufactured, type of machinery required anddevelop techniques to overcome problems that may be encountered whenfull scale manufacture is undertaken.

Prototypes do meet the specification of the component that enters aproduct and performance can be measured on these.

It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can berectified at low cost.

Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They arevariety, volume and time. Their demands will have to be satisfied. In thatsense they become constraints which restrict the maximization ofproductivity. Every business will have to meet the market demands of its

various products in variety volumes of different time.

Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or makeimprovements in the products fast enough to cater to shifting markerneeds.

Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enableorganization meet global demand. You have understood how the latesttrends in manufacturing when implemented help firms to stay a head inbusiness.



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3. Who are the players in a project management? Whatare the various roles and responsibilities of theplayers in a project management?

At first we will discuss about project management then we will discussabout players in project management. Project management is thepractice of controlling the use of resources, such as cost, timemanpower, hardware and software involved in a project. That startswith a problem statement and end with delivery of a complete product.

Here we will see the participants of project management:

In the project management players individual and organizations bothare involved-

That is actively involved in the project whose interests may be affectedby the outcome of the project.

Exert influence over the project and its results players or also calledstake holders of the project.Project manager - the individual responsible for managing theproject.

Customer - the individual or organization that will use the product-the end result of the project.

Performing organization - the enterprise whose employees are mastdirectly involved in doing the work of the project.

Sponsors - the individual or group within or external to theperforming organization that funds the project.

Now, we will define the role and responsibilities of projectmanagement. Here are some roles and responsibilities:

There are number of projects which an organization works on. It is notpossible for one individual to manage all the projects.

There is a team of managers who manage the projects.

There may be different teams working on different projects.

An experienced project manager and this team may manage morethan one project at a time.

The project team is responsible for ensuring that the project uponcompletion shall deliver the gain in the business for which it is intended



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for.

The project team has to properly co-ordinate with each otherworking on different aspects of the project.

The team members are responsible for the completion of theproject as per the plans of the project.

Characteristics of project mindset: - some of the characteristics ofproject mindset are the following

Time - it is possible to improve the pace of the project by reducing thetime frame of the process. The mindset is normally to work in acomfort made by stretching the time limits.

Responsiveness it refers to quickness of response of an individual.The vibrancy and livens of an individual or an organization areproportional to its capability of evolving process and structure forsuperior responsiveness time constant.

Information sharing information is owner information is the matterkey to todays business. Information sharing is the characteristic of theproject mindset today.

Process project mindset lays emphasis on flexible process. The

major difference in a process and a system is in its capabilities ofproviding flexibility to different situational encounters. Flexible processpossesses greater capabilities of adaptability.

Structured planning structure planning based a projectmanagement life cycle enables one to easily and conveniently workaccording to the plan.

4. What are the various steps in project monitoring andcontrolling a project?

Any project aimed at delivering a product or service has to go throughphases in a planned manner in order to meet the requirements. Its onlyby careful monitoring of the project progress. It required establishingcontrol factors to keep the project on the track of progress. The results ofany stage in a project, depends on the inputs to that stage. It is thereforenecessary to control all the inputs and the corresponding outputs from astage. A project management may use certain standard trolls to keep theproject on track.



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The project manager and the team members should be fully aware of thetechniques and methods to rectify the factors influencing delay of theproject and its product. The methodology of PERT (programmer EvolutionReview Technique) and CPM (critical path method) may be used toanalyze the project. In the PERT method one car find out the variance anduse the variance to analyze the various probabilistic estimates pertainingto the project. Using the CPM one can estimate the start time and thefinish time for every event of the project in its WBS (work BreakdownStructure).

The analysis charts can be used to monitor, control, track and execute aproject. The various steps involved in monitoring and controlling a projectfrom start to end are as follows-

a. Preliminary work- the team members understand the project plans,project stage schedule, progress controls, tracking the schedules.Summary of the members have to understand the tolerances in anychange and maintain a change control log. They must realize the needand importance of quality for which they have to follow strictly quality

agendas. They must understand the stage status reposes, stage andreports, stage end approval reports.

b. Project progress- The members must keep a track of the projectprogress and communication the same to other related members ofthe project. They must monitor and control project progress, throughthe use of regular check points, quality charts. Statistical tables,control the quality factors which are likely to deviate from expectedvalues as any deviation may result in change to the stage schedule.

c. Stage control- The manager must establish a project check paintcycle. For this suitable stage version control procedure may be

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monitoring_and_Controlling_Process_Group_Processes.jpg


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followed.

d. Resources- Plan the resources required for various stage of theproject. Brief both the project team and the key resources about theobjectives of every stage, planned activities, products, organization.

Metrics and project controls.

e. Quality control- This is very important in any project: Quality controlis possible if the project members follow-Schedule quality review, Agenda for quality review, conduct qualityreview and follow up.

f. Progress control- It is the main part at assessment- Progress controlassesses- monitor performance, update schedule, update casts, Re-plan stage schedule, conduct team status review etc.

Along with we create status report, create flash reports, project statusreports etc.

g. Approvals - lastly, project sage reviews and the decisions taken andactions planned need to be approved by the top management. Thegoals of such review are to improve quality by finding defects and toimprove productivity by finding defects in a cost effective manner. Thegroup review progress includes several stage like planning, preparationand overview, a group review meeting and rework recommendationand follow-up.

5. Explain the necessity and objectives of SCM?

SCM is the abbreviation of supply chain Management. It is considered bymany express worldwide as the ultimate solution towards efficiententerprise management.

The necessity and objectives of SCM-

SCM is required by and enterprise as a tow to enhance management

effectiveness with a following organizational objective:

Reduction of inventory

Enactment in functional effectiveness of existing systems like ERP,Accounting. Software and Documentation like financial reportsstatements ISO 9000 Documents etc.

Enhancement of participation level and empowerment level

Effective integration of multiple systems like ERP, communicationsystems, documentation system and secure, Design R&D systems etc.



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Better utilization of resources- men, material, equipment and money.

Optimization of money flow cycle within the organization as well as toand from external agencies.

Enhancement of value of products, operations and services andconsequently, enhancements of profitability.

Enhancement of satisfaction level of customer and clients, supportinginstitutions, statutory control agencies, supporting institutions,statutory control agencies, suppliers and vendors, employees andexecutives.

Enhancement of flexibility in the organization to help in easy

implementation of schemes involving modernization, expansion anddivestment, mergers and acquisitions.

Enhancement of coverage and accuracy of management informationsystems.

With the objectives of SCM, its implementation is required.Implementation is in the form of various functional blocks of anorganization interpenetrated through which a smooth flow of the product

development is possible.

A relatively new SCM option involves web based software with a browserinterface. Several electronic markets place for buying and selling goodsand materials.

6. What are the steps involves in SCM implementation?

There are many steps which involved in SCM implementation are-Business Process, sales and marketing. Logistics, costing, demand

planning, trade- off analysis, environmental requirement, processstability, integrated supply, supplier management, product design,suppliers, customers, material specifications, etc.

Some important aspect of SCM:

The level of competition existing in the market and the impact ofcompetitive forces on the product development.

Designing and working on a strategic logic for better growth through

value invention. Working out new value curve in the product development along with



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necessary break point.

Using it to analyses markets and the economies in product design.Tine, customer, quality of product and the concept of survival of fittest.

Steps of SCM implementation:

Group customer by need:Effective SCM groups, customer by distinct service needs those particularsegments.

Customize the logistics networks:In designing their logistics network, companies need to focus on theservice requirement and profit potential of the customer segmentsidentified.

Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordinglySales and operations planners must monitor the entire supply chain todetect early warning signals of changing customer demand and needs.

Differentiate the product closer to the customerCompanies today no longer can afford to stock pile inventory tocompensate for possible forecasting errors; instead, they need topostpone product differentiation in the manufacturing. Processes closer to

actual customer demand.

Strategically manage the source of supplyBy working closely with their key suppliers to reduce the overall casts ofowning materials and services; SCM maximizes profit margins both forthemselves, and their supplies.

Develop a supply chain wide technology strategy

As one of the cornerstones of successful SCM information technology

must be able to support multiple levels of decision making.

Adopt channel spanning performance measuresExcellent supply performance measurement systems do more than justmonitor internal functions. They apply performance criteria that embraceboth service and financial metrics, including each accounts trueprofitability.
