3-1 speed versus velocity
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Objectives: Distinguish between speed and velocity Use vectors to illustrate and solve velocity problems. Chapter 3 Motion ( Ewen et al. 2005). 3-1 Speed Versus Velocity. Motion and Speed. Motion can be defined as an object’s change in position. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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3-1 Speed Versus Velocity
Chapter 3 Motion (Ewen et al. 2005)
Objectives:•Distinguish between speed and velocity•Use vectors to illustrate and solve velocity problems.
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Motion and Speed
Motion can be defined as an object’s change in position.How quickly and object changes its position is its speed—distance traveled per unit of time.
time
distancespeed
Units: mi/h, km/h,
m/s, or ft/s
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Velocity
Velocity of an object is the rate of motion in a particular direction.The time rate of change of an object’s displacement. A vector quantity that give the direction of travel and the distance traveled per unit of time
Figure 4.2 The velocity, distance, and time for a car traveling at a constant velocity of 10 m/s to the right is shown in 1-s intervals.
t
svvavg
s = displacement
vavg = average
velocity or speed
t = timeUnits?
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Constant Positive Velocity
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Constant Negative Velocity
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Example 1
Find the average speed of an automobile that travels 160 km in 2.0 h.
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Example 2
An airplane flies 3500 mi in 5.00 h. Find its average speed.
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Example 3
Find the velocity of a plane that travels 600 km due north in 3 h 15 min.
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Example 4
A plane is flying due north (90o) at 264 km/h. Suddenly there is a wind from the east (180o) at 55.0 km/h. What is the plane’s new velocity with respect to the ground in standard position?
Note: Wind directions are given from the direction the wind is coming from, not the direction it is actually blowing. For example, a north wind is actually coming from the north but is actually moving southward.
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Example 5
A plane is flying northwest (at 135o) at 135 km/h. Suddenly there is a wind from 30.0o south of west (at 30.0o) at 65.0 km/h. What is the plane’s new velocity with respect to the ground in standard position?
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Figure 3.8 Although the boat is not pointed toward the dock, the combination of the boat’s velocity (green vector) plus the current’s velocity (blue vector) results in a perfect docking (red vector).
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Figure 3.7 An example of how the velocity of a boat and the velocity of the current are combined so the resultant velocity is directed toward the desired location.