3 2 organic compounds notes
TRANSCRIPT
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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Biology Notes
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I. What is an Organic Compound?
1. Composed of 2 or more CARBON atoms
2. Common elements that form organic molecules:
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S)
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3. May be HYDROPHOBIC (nonpolar)
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Or HYDROPHILLIC (polar)
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Or both
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4. May contain Functional Groups:
reactive part of a molecule that undergoes
predictable reactions
OH (Hydroxyl group,a type of alcohol)
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5. Ex. Macromolecules: antifreeze, acetone, diamonds
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6. Ex. Fossil fuels: coal, oil, natural gas Energy rich hydrocarbons that are primary source of energy
on Earth
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II. Organic Macromolecules
Structure of Macromolecules in Living Things
1. Monomer Units:A molecule that is a single subunit or “building block” that will bond with other molecules to form larger structures.
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1. Monomer Units:A molecule that is a single subunit or “building block” that will bond with other molecules to form larger structures.
Ex: = ring = simple
structure sugar
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2. Polymers:
Molecules built from 2 or more monomer units
Can be formed by identical or similar monomer units
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3. MACROMOLECULES:
Very large carbon structures made up of repeating polymers
100’s of carbon molecules linked together. Ex: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
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III. The Building and Breaking Apart of Macromolecules Organic macromolecules may differ, but they
are ALL assembled and disassembled in the same way
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1. Dehydration reactions: LINKS monomer units TOGETHER to make
larger molecules LOSS or PRODUCTION of a WATER
molecule AS A RESULT
Draw this
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Dehydration ReactionMonomers
Polymer
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2. Hydrolysis Reaction: “to break” Reverse of dehydration ADDITION of WATER to break a larger
molecule apart into smaller monomer units
Big PolymerSmall Monomers
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Hydrolysis Reaction
Polymer
Monomers