3-21 prelude to romanticism
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7/30/2019 3-21 Prelude to Romanticism
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PRELUDE TO ROMANTICISM
Term
o More applicable to a composer’s state of mind
o Belief that reason can NOT solve all human problems
o Hoffman – 3 great romantic composers Writers and Poets
o German
Goethe
Schiller
Heine
o French
Hugo
French Revolution
o Storming of the Bastille
o Beheading of Louis XVI
Painters
o Delacroix
Economic Progress
o Rapid advances in transportation
Developments in Music
o Music and literature
Union of music and significant poetry
Significant composers active in music criticism
Musicians as Icons
o Liszt – Pianist and Composer
o Berlioz – conductor and composer
o Paganini – virtuoso and violinist
Expansion of the Orchestra
o Larger string sections
o Wind instruments
Expanded of wind section
Additional instruments (tuba, clarinet, etc)
Golden age of the piano
Increase in Composition of Chamber Music
Program Music – Ex. Fantasia
Nationalism
o Dances or dance rhythms
o Native folksongs
o Subject material for programmatic selections
o Instrumentation
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Historicism
o Composers collected, edited, studied and employed earlier music known masters
Brauhms
Choral motets, symphonies
Musicologist and collector of original manuscripts
Mendelssohn
Edited and conducted Bach’s St. Matthews Passion
Bruckner
Oxford Movement
ROMANTIC COMPOSERS I
Romantic Period Opera
o First Generation
Schubert
Berlioz
Mendelssohn
Schumann
Chopin
Liszt
o Second Generation
Brahms
Bruckner
Tchaikovsky
Dvorak
Romantic Period Opera
o First Generation
Rossini
Von Weber
o Second Generation
Verdi
Wagner
Bizet
Franz Schubert
o Studied with Salieri at the Stadtkonvikt
o 1813 Normalhaupschule to train as a teacher
o 1814
Teacher at father’s school
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Relationship with Grob; forbidden by law to marry due to class status and
absence of regular income
Periodically supported by friends, especially Franz von^ Schober
1817, new position at school in Rossau
Summer of 1818, music teacher to family of Count Johann Karl Esterhazy
Friendship with Vogl, prominent baritone
Promoted and performed Schubert’s Lieder
Scubertiades – Schubert plays and Vogl sings
o Later Years
Continued to reside in Vienna
Some success and notoriety with songs and chamber work compositions
Failed attempts at opera production
Died of complications from syphilis
o Schuberts Reputation
Reputation in Vienna as a composer of Lieder
Berlioz
o Born in France at La Cote-St Andre
o Father discouraged music study, never learned to play piano, studied guitar, and flute
o 1821
Went to Paris to study medicine
No passion for medicine; attended concerts and studied scores in the Paris
Conservatory library
o 1826
Studied at the Paris Conservatory
Sees British Actress, harriet Smithson in Shakespeare plays
Smithson inspired composition of Symphonie fantastique in 1830
o 1830
Wins Prix de Rome
o Productivity and Fame
1832, returned to Paris
Premiere of Symohonie fantastique at the Paris Conservatory
Hugo, Dumas, Paganini, Liszt, Chopin, Smithson were in attendance
o October 3, 1833 married harriet Smithson
o Civil Ceremony
o 1836
State commissioned, for Napoleon’s death
Premiered at Les Invalides
o House at Montemartre
o Music Critic
o Met Mendelssohn, Schumann, Meyerbeer
o 1844, Treatise on Instrumentation
Later events
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Separated from Smithson, moved in with second wife, Marie Recio
Head Librarian
o Died March 8, 1869
Mendelssohn
o Born in Hamburg Germany
o Family Changed name to Abraham Mendelssohn-Barholdy when converted to
Christianity
Economic
o Older sister, Fanny a fine musician and composer
o Felix and Fanny unusually close, many letters in correspondence
o 1811, family relocated to Berlin
o Counterpoint studies with Zelter
o Child Prodigy
First perf. Age 9
Age 15, composed Symphony No. 1
o 1821 - Zelter introduced Mendelssohn to Goethe.
o 1829 Mendelssohn edited the score and conducted
o 1829 – also servies of travels abroad
o 1832 – edited and conducted Handel’s Israel in Egypt for the Lower Rhenish Festival
o Mendelssohn in Leipzig
1835 named conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra
Totally immersed in Leipzig musical life
Married Ceciele
o Kaiser demanded Berlin to have a conservatory
o 1843 Return to Leipzig
Established Leipzig Conservatory
1847 died from a heart attack
Schumann
o Born in Zwickau in Saxony
o Dec. 1830 returned to Leipzig and began to study piano with Frederich Wiek
o Permanently injured fingers
o 1833, first suicide attempt after Bro and Sis deaths
o Groeing interest in Clara Weick, daughter of teacher
o Father learned of daughters interest in Dec. 1835 forbade contact between the two
o Couple continued relationship
o 1837 Father said no
o Married in 1840
o Frequently traveled with Clara on her concert tours
o Early years in the marriage perhaps the most productive
40 song
41 two of his 4 symph
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o Brahms visited the Schumann house with a letter of introduction from violinist Joseph
Joachim
o Beginning of a friendship with Clara
o Feb 27, 1854 he attempted suicide
o Hospitalized in a sanataorium in Endenich outside of Bonn
o Remained there until his death
o Clara remained faithful and continued to perform and promote her late husbands music
until her death