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Experiment no. 3Basic Separation Technique

Submitted By:Group No.2 of Section ES11FB4

OBJECTIVES:

1.1 To separate components of mixture using basic separation techniques

Date Performed:July 12, 2013

Date Submitted:July 27, 2013

Engr. Renato AgustinProfessor

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

THEORY:

Substances in nature appear either in the pure form or as components of a mixture. When mixtures are formed, the pure components may be recovered by employing physical separation processes. Some of the common separation processes are filtration, evaporation, extraction, sublimation, distillation and magnetic attraction.

1 Magnet1 Filter Paper1 Cotton Plug4 100 ml Beaker1 50 ml Graduated Cylinder1 Funnel1 Stirring Rod1 Bunsen Burner2 Watch Glass1 Test Tube1 125 ml Erlenmeyer Flask1 Iron Stand1 Iron Ring1 Wire Gauze1 Mortar and Pestle

NaCl PowderNaphthalene PowderIron FillingsFood ColorWaterActivated Carbon / Charcoal

PROCEDURE:

1. As the experiment is conducted, accomplish the schematic diagram provided on the next page to show the separation of mixture.

2. Prepare the following substances: table salt, food color powder, naphthalene or moth balls and iron filings. Note the properties of each substance and accomplish Table 3.1.

3. Prepare a mixture consisting of the above substances and spread the mixture thinly on a piece of white paper. Pass a magnet under the paper moving it from the center towards the side of the paper until separation of some components is observed.

4. Transfer the remaining mixture into a beaker, add 25 ml of water and stir well. Filter off the undissolved solids and save both the residue and the filtrate Note the color of the filtrate.

5. Transfer the filtrate from step 4 to the beaker and add 1 gram of activated charcoal. Heat the solution to boiling with stirring and continue boiling for 2 minutes. Filter and save the filtrate for the next step.

6. Carefully transfer the residue from step 4 into an evaporating dish. Cover the dish with perforated filter paper and on top of the dish with a low flame until some solids deposit on the walls of the funnel. Save both the deposit and the residue.

7. Heat and evaporate the filtrate from procedure 5 to dryness. Cool and identify the residue.

OBSERVATION:

Attract with magnet

Mixture

NaCl, Food Color, NaphthaleneFe

+ H2O / Filter

Food Color, H2O, NaCl

Food Color and CharcoalNaCl, H2O

NaCl

Heat

Charcoal /Filter

DATA AND RESULTS:

SUBSTANCE PHYSICAL STATE

COLOR ODOR MAGENTIC PROPERTY

LUSTER

Fe Filings powdered brown attracted dullNaCl Powder powdered white not attracted shinyFood ColorNaphthalene Powder powdered white not attracted shiny

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Table 3.1

Naphthalene (residue)

Heat /Evaporation

CONCLUSION:

QUESTION AND ANSWERS:

1. Refer to procedure no. 3.1.1 Which component was separated?

Components of iron filings were separated from other components.1.2 What do you call this type of separation?

This type of separation is called magnetic attraction or separation.1.3 When do you use this method of separation?

We use this type of separation when we separate metal from other non-metal components.

2. Refer to procedure no. 4.2.1 What method of separation was utilized?

This method of separation is called filtration.

2.2 When do you use this method of separation?We use this type of separation to separate the liquid from the solids, mostly suspensions. The residue is then collected on the filter paper.

2.3 Which components dissolved in water?

Components that dissolved in the water are the food color and the NaCl.

2.4 Which components are in the residue?Naphthalene components were separated.

3. Refer to procedure no. 5.3.1 What method of separation was employed?

3.2 When do you use this type of separation?

3.3 Identify the solid deposit and the residue.

4. Refer to procedure no. 6.4.1 Identify the method of separation employed.

4.2 Compare the color of the filtrate with that obtained in step 3.

4.3 Which components were left in the residue?

5. Refer to procedure no. 7.5.1 Describe the residue.

5.2 When do you use this type of separation?