3. biomes
TRANSCRIPT
Material created by IZASKUN IBAÑEZTeacher at Ander Deuna Ikastola
Climate encompasses the statistics of: TemperatureHumidityAtmospheric pressureWindPrecipitationin a given region over long periods, and is affected by LatitudeTerrain Altitudenearby water bodies and their currents.
Weather is the mix of events that happens each day in our atmosphere regarding temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind and precipitation.
Climate vs. Weather
- FAUNA- VEGETATION- SOIL TYPE- Circumstances of human population
Is divided into different climatic regions. And each of those CLIMATES affects each region’s
Our planet…
That is…In the Basque Country we don’t have coconut trees or iguanas because our climate is not tropical!
The relationship between climate and fauna and vegetation is not a coincidence!
However, we have oak trees, squirrels etcin our forests. And the leaves’ color is different In Autumn, unlike in the evergreen tropical trees.
( or NATURAL HABITAT TYPE)
The sum of animals and vegetation which develop under the same climatic condictions.
What is a Biome?
TROPICAL CLIMATES
DRY CLIMATES TEMPERATE CLIMATES CONTINENTAL CLIMATES POLAR CLIMATES
Tropical WET
Dry ARID HOT DESERT Temperate MEDITERRANEAN
HUMID Continental Polar TUNDRA
Tropical MONSOON
Dry ARID COLD DESERT Temperate HUMID SUBTROPICAL
COLD Continental Polar ICE CAP
Tropical WET & DRY
Dry semi-arid hot desert Temperate OCEANIC
Continental SUBARTIC (Boreal or Taiga)
Dry semi-arid cold desert
Each of the climates determines a biome
For example:In a territory with a tropical wet climate,we will find a tropical forest biome.And as follows:
CLIMATE The BIOME we will find in a place with that climate
Tropical WET TROPICAL FOREST
Tropical MONSOON TROPICAL FOREST
Tropical WET & DRY GRASSLAND (SAVANNA)
Dry ARID HOT DESERT DESERT (HOT DESERT)
Dry ARID COLD DESERT DESERT (COLD DESERT)
Dry SEMI-ARID HOT GRASSLAND
Dry SEMI-ARID COLD GRASSLAND (STEPPE)
Temperate MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND (CHAPARRAL)
Temperate HUMID SUBTROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
Temperate OCEANIC DECIDUOUS FOREST
HUMID Continental DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
COLD Continental GRASSLND (STEPPE)
Continental SUBARTIC TAIGA
Polar TUNDRA TUNDRA
Polar ICE CAP ICE CAP
BIOME CLASSIFICATION
DESERTSGRASSLANDSFORESTSTUNDRAAQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
CLIMATE BIOME
TROPICAL WET TROPICAL FOREST
AMAZONAS
GHANA
PHILIPPINES
AFRICA
CLIMATE BIOME
TROPICAL MONSOON TROPICAL FOREST
INDIA
CLIMATE BIOME
TROPICAL WET & DRY GRASSLAND (SAVANNA)
Australian Savanna
African Savanna
CLIMATE BIOME
DRY ARID HOT DESERT DESERT (HOT DESERT)
ARABIA CHIHUAHUA
SAHARA KALAHARI
CLIMATE BIOME
DRY ARID COLD DESERT DESERT (COLD DESERT)
ATACAMA GOBI
GREAT BASIN IRANIAN DESERT
CLIMATE BIOME
DRY SEMI-ARID HOT GRASSLAND
SAHEL (AFRICA)
The Sahel is a clear example of asemi-arid hot zone:a transition zone between a deser and a savanna
SAHEL
CLIMATE BIOME
DRY SEMI-ARID COLD GRASSLAND (STEPPE)
KAZAKHSTAN RUSSIA
MONGOLIA PATAGONIA
CLIMATE BIOME
TEMPERATE MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND (CHAPARRAL)
CLIMATE BIOME
TEMPERATE HUMID SUBTROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
USA
USA
ARGENTINA
ARGENTINA
CLIMATE BIOME
TEMPERATE OCEANIC DECIDUOUS FOREST
CLIMATE BIOME
HUMID CONTINENTAL DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
Grassland in the driest part
IOWA WISCONSIN
CLIMATE BIOME
COLD CONTINENTAL GRASSLAND
CANADA
CLIMATE BIOME
CONTINENTAL SUBARTIC (BOREAL or TAIGA) TAIGA
CLIMATE BIOMEPOLAR TUNDRA TUNDRA
CLIMATE BIOME
POLAR ICE CAP ICE CAP
ICELAND
PATAGONIA
GREENLAND
THEN… IS “SAVANNA” A BIOME?SAVANNA is a type of GRASSLAND.Some consider GRASSLANDS as a MAJOR BIOME and its varieties as SUB-BIOMES and others consider each of the varieties a different BIOME.But WHY?Because each of the VARIETIES of GRASSLANDS occurs under DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS and we said that Biomes where “The sum of animals and vegetation which develop under the same climatic conditions”.
GRASSLANDSSAVANNA
AfricaAustraliaIndia
PRAIRIE
USA
CHAPARRAL
Mediterraneanareas
STEPPE
Mid Asia
PAMPA
Argentina
Tropical wet & dry - Continental- Dry semiarid
- Temperate Mediterranean
- Cold Continental
- Humid subtropical- Dry Semiarid
TROPICAL FOREST
CLIMATETROPICAL (WET)TROPICAL (Monsoon)• It rains all the year.• There are no seasons.
LOCATION
• NEAR THE EQUATOR• South America, western Africa & Southeast
Asia
SOIL• POOR• The rain takes all
the soil’s nutrients. Low fertility for agriculture
FAUNA MOST SPECIES IN THE PLANETJaguars, pumas, monkeys, toucans, frogs, iguanas, butterflies, snakes, exotic birds…
VEGETATION• MOST SPECIES IN THE PLANET• Lianas, epiphytes, bromeliads,
mangroves, coconut tree…
SAVANNA
SAVANNA is a variety of GRASSLANDS
GRASSLAND VARIETIES: PRAIRIES, STEPPES, PAMPAS, CHAPARRAL and SAVANNA
SAVANNA
CHAPARRAL
PRAIRIES in North America, PAMPA in Argentimaand STEPPE in mid Asia.
CLIMATE OF THE SAVANNATropical wet & dryOnly 2 seasons: A rainy and hot oneA dry and warm one(the fire’s season)
LOCATIONNorth and south of the Equator, between trop. Forest and desert.
SOIL
Only a thin layer of humus, which provides vegetation with nutrients. FERRUGINOUS (it has iron – red colour)
FAUNABIG ANNIMALS
VEGETATION
Acacia
Baobab
Baobab
Grass
DESERTHOT (main precipitation: rain)
COLD (main precipitations: snow and fog)
CLIMATE
DRY CLIMATE ARIDHOT DESERT
DRY CLIMATEARIDCOLD DESERT
LOCATIONNear the tropics
SOILHARD and DRY. SANDY or ROCKY. INFERTILE.
FAUNANocturnal and many underground animals(Insects, reptiles, arachnids, birds, mammals
VEGETATIONPrecipitation is too low to substain vegetation
DECIDUOUS FOREST(temperate forest)
CLIMATE TEMPERATE/MODERATE (The mid latitudes) Oceanic and humid subtropical.. (4 seasons. Temperatures are not extreme)
LOCATIONEurope / Eastern USA , Australia, China / Japan
SOILRICH and good for agriculture
FAUNA
Eagles, squirrels, bears, elks, deers, coyotes
American buffalos, beavers, raccoons, skunks, birds, foxes, wolves
VEGETATIONBROAD LEAF TREES: Oak, Beech, Maple, Elm, Willow…
OAK
BEECH
MAPLE
TAIGA(Boreal forests)
CLIMATECOLD / CONTINENTAL (Boreal-Taiga)
LOCATION North America, Eurasia
SOILPERMAFROST (with a light ice layer visible or underneath)PODZOL (with a layer of ash and reddish due to oxid and iron)
FAUNAElks, deers, beavers, woodpeckers, hawks, bears, lynx, foxes, wolves, bats…
VEGETATIONCold-tolerant evergreen conifers with needle-like leaves: PINE, FIR and SPRUCE
TUNDRA
CLIMATEPOLAR (Tundra)
LOCATION Near the North Pole
SOIL PERMAFROST
FAUNAMigratory birds, mammals (caribou, squirrels, artic foxes, wolves, polar bears)
VEGETATIONLichens (plantlike organisms made up of an alga and a fungus)