3 branches1
TRANSCRIPT
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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
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THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
* Legislative
* Executive
* Judicial
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THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
House of Representatives
and
Senate
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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
• Also called Congress.• Meet in the Capitol
Building in Washington, DC.
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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
• Bicameral - 2 Houses
• House of Representatives
• Senate
• Responsibility is to make (create) laws.
• Dual Role - constituents needs & wants and considering what is good for nation as a whole.
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HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
• 435 Seats
• Number of seats determined by state population.
• 19 Committees - 84 sub-committees
• Referred to as the “lower” house.
• Leader is called Speaker of the House.
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HOUSE OF REPRESENATIVES
• Has sole power to Impeach President.
• All bills to raise money must come from the House of Representatives.
• All bills (laws) must pass in the House before going to the President.
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SENATE
• 100 seats -2 seats per state - separate vote
• 16 Committees and 69 sub- committees
• Referred to as the “upper” house
• Vice President is President of Senate but NO vote unless a tie.
• Leader = President pro tempore
• Nicknamed “Millionaires Club”
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SENATE
• Power to try impeachment - 2/3rd vote
• Senate approval needed on bills to raise money.
• All laws must pass in the Senate before going to the President.
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LEGISLATIVE BRACH
• Powers of Congress
• Oversee elections
• Set rules within the legislative branch
• To tax, to borrow money, to coin money
• Set rules of naturalization
• regulate commerce
• Establish Post Offices
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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
• Powers continued….
• To declare war
• To raise and support armies
• To make all laws that are necessary and proper
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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
• Powers that Congress DOES NOT have..
• Can not suspend Habeas Corpus
• Can not tax inter-state commerce
• Can not take money from treasury unless a law is passed to do so
• Can not give a title of nobility
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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Responsible for enforcing the laws.
• President is the head of the Executive Branch.
• President provides leadership by setting goals and developing policy.
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Must be a natural born citizen
• Must be at least 35 years old
• Must be 14 years a resident within the United States
• Term is for 4 years - only 2 in a row
• Must give state of the union to Congress
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Must take an oath as follows, “I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States”
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Powers of the President….
• Commander and Chief of the Army and Navy
• Can grant pardons and Can veto laws.
• Can call Congress into session.
• Make treaties, appoint Supreme Court Justices and Ambassadors - Senate approval
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Can be impeached for the following reasons:
• Treason
• Bribery
• Other high Crimes and Misdemeanors
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• President creates cabinet - advisors
• Department of State, Treasury, Interior, Agriculture, Justice, Labor, Commerce, Veterans’ Affairs, Defense, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education and NOW Homeland Security
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THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Responsible for interpreting the law in regards to the Constitution
• Final court of appeals for state and federal cases.
• Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President, approved by the Senate, and they hold their office for life or retirement.
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Currently - 9 Justices - only can be changed by Constitutional Amendment
• Justices hear 150 cases per year - over 5000 requests
• 4 Justices need to agree to hear a case
• Session is October through June
• Removed by impeachment or conviction
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Qualifications - nothing listed in the Constitution
• Unofficial qualifications are:
• Politically active
• Lawyer or Lower Court Judge
• Same political party as the President
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Article III is where we define treason.
• Treason = committing an overt action - it must be seen
• Talking about treason is not a crime
• Can not punish family
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Judicial Act of 1789
• Created three part court system
• Established the Office of Attorney General
• Job of Attorney General is to represent the USA in the Supreme Court and to be a legal advisor to the Executive Branch
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
S u p rem e C ou rt9 Ju s tices
C ircu it C ou rts1 3 C ou rt o f A p p ea ls
S ta te vs . S ta te
D is tric t C ou rtsTria l C ou rtsC ivil C ases
C rim in a l C ases
C h ie f Ju s ticeH ead o f S u p rem e C ou rt
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Civil Cases - sue, divorce, contracts, any case that does not involve a crime
• Criminal Cases - commit a crime
• Defendant - the person on trial
• Plaintiff - person who brought case to court
• Prosecutor - represents city, state, people in a criminal case
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Influences on the Court
• Precedents - past decisions
• Personal legal views - strict interpretation means to look at intent of founding fathers - broad interpretation means you need to take into account changes in society
• Justices interaction
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Influences continued……
• Public Opinion, Congress, and the President