3 d printing new 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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3D PRINTING
Akhil Jose S7,C
Roll No:3
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Overview
• Introduction to 3D printing• History of 3D Printing• General Principles• Materials & Technologies Used• Why 3D Printing?• Applications• Future Scenarios• Limitations• Conclusion• References
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Introduction to 3D Printing
• It is a method of converting a virtual 3D model into a physical object.
• Three dimensional object is created by Laying down successive layers of materials.
• It’s also known as • Rapid Prototyping • Additive Manufacturing
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History of 3D Printing
1984 - 86Charles Hull invents 3D printing and coins the term “Stereo Lithography”
1992First 3D printer built by 3D Systems
1999First application of 3D printing in the
medical field - creating the human bladder
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General Principles
• Modeling
• Printing
• Finishing
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Modeling
• 3D printing begins with creating a digital model of the object, usually using CAD software, which is later converted into a .STL file
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Printing
• The 3D printer slices the .STL file into numerous digital cross-sections, and lays down successive layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the model from a series of cross sections.
• These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections from the CAD model, are joined together or automatically fused to create the final shape.
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Finishing
• :• The final 3D printed object is then cleaned to remove
overhung material and is polished, painted (if required) and made ready for use.
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Materials & Technologies Used
• Materials Used• Plastics• Powder• Metals• Ceramics• Paper• Bio Material• Food• Others
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Stereo lithography(SLA)
• Stereo lithography is an additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer ”resin” and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time
• 3D printing machine called a stereo lithograph apparatus (SLA), which converts liquid plastic into solid 3D objects.
• The whole process consists of consequent printing of layer by layer hence STL file that printing machine uses should have the information for each layer
• There could be up to ten layers per each millimeter• Once all layers are printed the object needs to be rinsed with a solvent and
then placed in an ultraviolet oven to finish processing
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Fused deposition modeling (FDS)
• Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production application
• 3D printers that run on FDM Technology
Build parts layer-by-layer by heating thermoplastic
material to a semi-liquid state and extruding it
via nozzle.• The nozzle lays the material down in layers
Cross section is used to create each cross section
of material moves according to computer-controlled
paths • things printed are of excellent mechanical
thermal and chemical qualities.
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Selective Laser Sintering(SLS)
• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a technique that uses laser as power source to fuse plastic, metal, glass, etc. to form solid 3D objects
• The main difference between SLS and SLA is that it uses powdered material in the vat instead of liquid resin as stereo lithography does.
• use of high-powered lasers, which makes the printer to be very expensive
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Selective laser melting (SLM)
• Selective laser melting (SLM) is a technique that also uses 3D CAD data as a source and forms 3D object by means of a high-power laser beam that fuses and melts metallic powders together.
• SLM process fully melts the metal material into solid 3D-dimentional
• Metals that can be used for SLM include stainless steel, titanium, cobalt chrome and aluminum
• This method of printing is widely applied to parts with complex geometries and structures with thin walls and hidden voids or channels.
• SLM projects were dedicated to aerospace application for different lightweight parts
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Electronic Beam Melting (EBM)
• While SLM uses high-power laser beam as its power source, EBM uses an electron beam instead, which is the main difference between these two methods. The rest of the processes is pretty similar.
• Comparing to SLM the process of EBM is rather slow and expensive, also the availability of materials is limited
• Currently the most well spread materials that are used for EBM are commercially pure Titanium, Inconel 718 and Inconel 625.
• The application of EBM is mainly focused on medical implants and aerospace area.
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Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
• Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is one more rapid prototyping system.
• During the LOM process, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic or metal laminates are fused together using heat and pressure and then cut to shape with a computer controlled laser or knife.
• Their devices are widely being used by artists, architects and product developers to create affordable projects from usual letter paper
• The cost of printing is low due to not expensive raw materials
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Why 3D Printing
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Applications
Industrial &
Prototyping
Educational
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Applications
• Medical• 3D printing empowers health care• Artificial Arms for Disabled• Bionic Ears• Fashionable Plaster
• Food• In food preparation, to apply items in liquid or paste form such as cheese,
icing, and chocolate.
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Applications
• Game & Entertainment
• Defence & Space
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Future Scenarios
•3D printer service in the local strip mall / shopping center.
•3D printers mounted on Military Vehicles, Space Station, Oil Rigs, and deployed on the Moon/Mars.
•Large 3D printers that build buildings
•3D printers that make meals
•4D printing = self assembly
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Limitations
Process is slow Components do not have enough strength. COST OF RAW MATERIALS 3-D printers are still expensive. Misuse of technology Although 3-D printers have the potential of creating many jobs and
opportunities, they might also put certain jobs at risk .
Oral….below example
(for example, you can make your toys at home so toy stores and toy makers might go out of business).
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Conclusion
Relatively New Technology.
No restrictions on industry.
Significant decrease in product development cycle and costs.
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Reference• http://slideshare.com• http://wikipedia.com• http://3ders.org• http://3dprintingfromscratch.com• http://livescience.com• http://3dprinterhelp.co.uk• Digit Fast Track• IEEE Computer society• IBM Market Development & Insights
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“The future can not be predicted,
but it can be made !”