3-d printing of personalized organ phantoms · s.m.a.r.t. algorithm specific build 3-d phantom from...
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Lukas Zebisch
Imaging and Physics Group, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen
February 6 2016
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Outline
3-D printing steps
What did we do after midterm presentation?
Suggested improvements
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Segmentation Exporting .stl Post-
processing Generating
.gcode 3-D printing
3-D printing steps:
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Segmentation Exporting .stl Post-
processing Generating
.gcode 3-D printing
3-D printing steps:
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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CT image of a patient with kidneys as volume of interests (VOI). The VOIs were drawn manually and
subsequently used as template for the 3-d print.
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Segmentation Exporting .stl Post-
processing Generating
.gcode 3-D printing
3-D printing steps:
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Segmented kidney
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Segmentation Exporting .stl Post-
processing Generating
.gcode 3-D printing
3-D printing steps:
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Post-processed version w. smoothing applied.
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Segmentation Exporting .stl Post-
processing Generating
.gcode 3-D printing
3-D printing steps:
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Used the Cura software and Ultimaker printer:
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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Segmentation Exporting .stl Post-
processing Generating
.gcode 3-D printing
3-D printing steps:
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
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3-D printed kidney
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Goals since midterm presentation 1. Print more kidneys and other organs like livers
2. Integrating a suitable cap to the phantoms
3. Develop a hydrogel for filling the phantom
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http://colinsbeautypages.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/carbomer.jpg
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Printing of more organs
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3-D printed liver
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Integration of different fill-port types in a kidney
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Printing result and decision
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
For future printing, the fill-port design depicted on the left was
chosen
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Developing a hydrogel for filling the phantom
-> See slides 21 ff.
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3-D Printing of Personalized Organ Phantoms
Further steps/improvements 3-D printing is not yet water-tight:
Idea: Print thicker walls or cover organs with water-tight
painting on the outside
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http://www.portwest.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/11/Rain_Symbol.png
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Filling Material for Personalized 3D-Phantom for Nuclear Medicine
Nadin Abu-Hossin
Imaging and Physics Group, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen
February 06 2017
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Requirements on filling material
Goal: Measurement of ionizing radiation dose of
radiocactive tracers
Filling material should mix well with water since
radiopharmaceuticals are usually water based.
Real soft-tissue: Not a liquid Higher viscosity
Higher density than water (~1.05 g/cm3)
First approach: Use of hydrogels
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Definition of Hydrogels
Hydrogel:
„ a gel in which water is the dispersion medium”
Preparation of the hydrogel
Frame-builder: Carbomer, Cellulose, Gelatin,…
Water based Carbomer-Hydrogel
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Preparation of the Carbomer-Gel
Ingredients: Carbomer (Carbopol 980NF)
Water
2% NaOH
Process:
Produce 2%-solution of NaOH
Produce different viscosities: 0.5T – 2.0T in 0.5 steps
Calculation of mass of components in gram
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Recipe of Hydrogels
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0.5T Carbomer 0.649g Carbomer 89.61g Water 9.740g NaOH-Solution
1.0T Carbomer 1.299g Carbomer 78.22g Water 19.48g NaOH-Solution
1.5T Carbomer
1.948g Carbomer 68.83g Water 29.22g NaOH-Solution
2.0T Carbomer
2.597g Carbomer 58.44g Wasser 38.96g NaOH-Solution
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Desnsity measurement of hydrogels
Use X-ray CT for determining the density
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Desnsity measurement of hydrogels
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Problems and possible Solutions
Problems
Mean-value of a liver: ~40 HU
Density of current formulation of hydrogels is too low
Possible Solutions
Sugar-solution (saccharose) increasing the density
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Personalized 3-D Phantoms for Nuclear Medicine Dosimetry
Philipp Ritt
Imaging and Physics Group, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen
February 06 2017
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Summary
Group members: Nadin Abu-Hossin
Lukas Zebisch
Philipp Ritt
SMART Algorithm
-> What have we achieved in the project?
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S.M.A.R.T. Algorithm
Specific Build 3-D phantom from patients’ CT scans
Organs of interest: Kidney, liver, spleen
Phantom should be fillable
Filling-material mimics certain tissue properties (e.g. electron density)
Measurable Get at least one fillable phantom
Compare shapes of phantom with original shape (e.g. DICE coeff)
Compare dose from Monte-Carlo simulations to dose from phantom measurements
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S.M.A.R.T. Algorithm
Achievable/Assignable Yes, BUT: Comparison to real measurement is hard to achieve due
to…
Software: ITK-Snap, Meshlab
Hardware: 3-D Printers, Chemicals for Hydro-Gels
Subtasks
Matteo, Lukas: 3-D Printing
Nadine: Hydro-Gels
Relevant State of the Art
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State of the Art
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S.M.A.R.T. Algorithm
Time bound Several hours per week for each group member
Regular meetings (every Monday)
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Conclusion: Scientific Speed Dating is a promising
new format.
It is a radically different but effective approach for teaching and learning.
BUT, will be hard to achieve „state of the
art“ results within its current limitations.
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Thank you for your attention.
Any questions?