“3-d” & temporal gis
DESCRIPTION
“3-D” & Temporal GIS. Horizontal sure, but …. . how to deal with elevation/depth or time Vertical Horizontal and vertical Horizontal, vertical, and time. ArcScene 9 Demo. http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/gis/captivate_arcscene/arcscene_demo.htm. The Vertical Dimension. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“3-D” & Temporal GIS
![Page 2: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Horizontal sure, but ….
how to deal with elevation/depth or time
VerticalHorizontal and verticalHorizontal, vertical, and time
![Page 3: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ArcScene 9 Demo
http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/gis/captivate_arcscene/arcscene_demo.htm
![Page 4: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Vertical Dimensiontwo very different ways of looking at representations of the vertical dimension (third dimension) in GIS“2.5-D” and “3-D”vertical dimension combined with temporal query = “4-D”
![Page 5: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“2.5 D”most common way of “doing 3D” in commercial GIS packagesz value (normally elevation) is recorded as an attribute for each data point (x,y)z values can be used in a perspective plot to create the appearance of 3 dimensionsnot true 3-D representation because elevation is not encoded in data structure, not in topology
![Page 6: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2.5 D Representationsattractive displays of topography and other continuous surfaces from DEMs or TINsperspective plots computed from any viewpointadditional layers "draped" over the surface
![Page 7: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“Coastal Terrain Model”USGS Topography
+ =
Integrated Topo-Bathy Model
BathymetryTopography
…a surface that integrates topography and bathymetry
![Page 8: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Satellite ImageryDraped on Topo-bathy model
![Page 9: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Boundary RepresentationTIN is a 2.5 D type of B-rep
one value of z for every x,y each object has faces, edges, points
![Page 10: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Perspective Plot from TIN (2.5-D B-Rep)
![Page 11: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
B-Rep of a Cave Passage
![Page 12: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
True 3-Dstore data in structures that actually reference locations in 3D space (x,y,z)here z is not an attribute but an element of the location of the point if z is missing, object does not exist!several z’s possible for a single x-y pair,
soundings in the ocean or atmosphere, geologic logs of wells
![Page 13: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3-D Applicationsgeological/geophysical exploration engineering design of mines, quarries, dams, reservoirs, etc.scientific explanation of 3D processes such as ocean currents or lava flows
“data driven” - may not necessarily know what you will find in 3Dso the structure of the representation may enhance types of analyses that can be performed
![Page 14: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fonseca, Mayer, and Paton in Wright (ed.) Undersea with GIS published by ESRI Press
![Page 15: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fonseca, Mayer, and Paton in Wright (ed.) Undersea with GIS published by ESRI Press
![Page 16: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
“Fledermaus”Interactive Visualization Systemswww.ivs3d.comhttp://dusk.geo.orst.edu/gis/captivate_ivs/ivs1.htm
http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/gis/captivate_ivs/ivs2.htm
http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/gis/captivate_ivs/ivs3.htm
![Page 17: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Volumesvisualization of volumesmodeling of volumes
algorithms for 3D spatial analysis simpler, more efficient, if data in a volumetric form
![Page 18: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Example two: Hydrothermal Plume model output
VTK/Java3D allows volumecalculations,rendering, and analysis.
● 3D probe● animation● bathymetry
● multibeam● Smith/Sandwell
Vance et al., NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center
![Page 19: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Underwater Behavior of Humpback Whales: Potential Entanglement in Fishing Gear
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary - Ware et al., Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, U. of New Hampshire
![Page 20: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Spatial Occupancy Enumeration(SOE)
volume is divided into cubes or voxelsusually produced by converting from B-reps (similar to converting vectors to rasters in 2D)mass, volume and surface area are quickly computed as Boolean operations [on (full) / off (empty)] or voxel counts
![Page 21: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
SOE of a Mine/Quarry
Surface Water Runoff
Gold, Transactions in GIS, 2006
![Page 22: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Commercially Available?Research frontiernot too many truly 3D GIS packages on the market2- or 2.5D GIS linked to 3D modeling package
![Page 23: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
You knew I had to mention it…GOOGLE EARTH
![Page 24: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sketch Ups and Touch TablesInsert your own objects
Google Ocean“Visualize” with your hands
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2pPeW4cUgU&feature=PlayList&p=FB02B6AD35983A48&playnext=1&index=14http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3dz2xpCJVU&feature=related
![Page 28: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Time Dependencetime dependence adds a third dimension to spatial data, just as the vertical dimension doesor may be added to 3 spatial dimensions to give 4D
![Page 29: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Coastal Evolution of OR/WA
Cross & Twichell, USGS Woods Hole in Wright (ed.) Undersea with GIS, ESRI Press, 2002.
![Page 30: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Time and Geographical Datacomputer science has dealt with time dependence of records in databases
e.g., records may be valid only for limited times geographical cases are more complex -
objects may have limited existence, but may also move, change shape, and change attributes
database models for time? few “temporal GISs” on the market
Tracking Analyst for ArcGIS
![Page 31: “3-D” & Temporal GIS](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816799550346895ddcd328/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Dealing with Time in GISshape of objects same, but attributes changesame shape, same attributes, but boundaries between objects or locations of objects change
Turn on/off or moveshapes of objects change through time
define a limited number of time "slices"