3. fire in power station

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Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire in Power Station


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Major Hazards in a Power Station

o Fireo Explosion

o Bursting of pipelined and vesselso Dust explosion, especially due to coal dusto Release of other hazardous chemical substanceso Fires due to release of electrical energy in

transformer rooms, switch gears etc

due to explosive, inflammable,combustible gases/liquids/solids


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No Smoking & Hot-work-permit/ Permit-to-work (PTW) Zones

- Coal Handling Plant& control room

- Turbo generator plant- Conveyor galleries- Fuel oil stations- Compressed gas cylinderstorage- Cable tray/Galleries

- LT & HT switch gearrooms

- Stores- Oil storage area- Petrol/diesel bunks- Battery rooms- Motor winding shop- Transformer yards

Prevention of fire Hazards in a Power Station


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PROTECTION SYSTEMAutomatic hydrant systemSprinkler systemSmoke detector

PREVENTIVE MEASURES. Remove foreign material from site Best House keeping Emergency exit Regular checking of equipment

Prevention of fire Hazards in a Power Station


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Fire prevention

Fire causes and prevention measures1. Smoking- the most frequent causes of fire is the

careless throwing of lighted cigarette butts ,bidi,matchsticks.

2. Electrical fires- electricity is a good servant but a bad master The improper way of using electricity is a

common cause of fire.


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Additional fire protection measures :- seal cable gallery

use fire alarm system in switch gear room

smoke detector with UCR,IR,UC equipment

interlock of ventilation system & air conditioning

system Two diesel driven pumps

maintain the foam and DCP in all places

Fire prevention


7/40Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Causes of fire



Causes of electric fire

Cables / wires loose connection Phase barriers not provided Overloading of electric sockets

Protective devices not functioning Tracking due to moisture and dust Over heating due to loose connection Over heating due to high contact resistance

Equipment selection not suiting to env. Condition

Lightening Short circuit Faulty equipments Poor maintenance O/l of wires and cables Lizard / rat / snake fault

Cables / wires undersize



Prevention of electric fire

Ensure good housekeeping

Ensure scheduled maintenance Tightness of connections Closing of doors and compartments Sealing of cable and earth strip entries

Use phase barriers Use fire resistant cables Use fire resistant insulating tape Regular operational checks of protective devices

Replace worn out parts Check contact resistance




Review of maint procedure Fuse rating as per equipment rating Isolate faulty equipment Training of employees on elect. Systems and fire

fighting Training of contract workers on elect. systems and

fire fighting Ensure good ventilation Equipment layout

Alarm systems are ok Important

While closing the shops, offices, stores, all theswitches have to be switched off including computers



Electrical wiring and Fittings- All electrical appliances/equipment must be in good

repair and cords and exterior cases must be free of damage.

All appliances/equipment must be directly pluggedinto wall outlets or power strips equipped witheither a fuse or circuit breaker.

All building electrical equipment (e.g., circuitbreakers, distribution panels, outlets, lights, etc.)must be free from damage and appropriatelycovered (e.g., wall plates or junction box covers in

place, circuit breaker panel doors in place, etc.)and must be accessible (not blocked) at all times. All wiring must be routed above the ceiling or

housed in conduit below the ceiling. Multi-plug adapters are prohibited/If any is in use

asses current ratings and ensure no overload.




Extension cords may only be used on a temporary basis Naked wires should never be used for drawing power Lighting circuits should never be used drawing heating

and other power appliances. Temporary connections should be discouraged where use

it should of proper current and voltage rating. Room Heater coil type should be avoided.

All electrical equipments have to be properly earthed. All fuses and circuit breakers are to be repaired by

trained personnel only and with rated wires/gas only. Air cooled motors should have free air flow space. Damp conditions cause electrical leakage hence wooden

boards should be used to access them Approved gas proof lighting with remote switching is tobe used in damp/explosive/gaseous/vapour areas

Electrical equipment showing signs of over heatingshould be attended immediately.




Fire due to friction The heat generated due to friction causes very

high percentage of fires in industries. Failure of bearings/overheating Slippage of belts Jamming of idlers Jamming of pullyes

Use of ordinary tools in explosive areas

Prevention Regular maintenance of equipments

Replacement of worn out parts Housekeeping Scheduled lubrication Checking of misalignment etc



Fire due to cutting and welding Welding and cutting operations are most hazardous

and lead to many fires.

Prevention Where such operations are carried out ,debris and

any type of combustible material should be removedfrom site before starting welding and cutting.

Hoses used for cutting operations should be robustand without any damage /joint.

Electric cables connecting welding machines should be joint less and of adequate capacity

Drums, tanks containing flammable liquid or gas shallnot be subjected to cutting or welding.

Adequate arrangement of fire extinguishing apparatusto be made at w&c sites.



Fire from flammable liquids

The storage of flammable liquids in the plantshould be in the containers or drums designed forthe purpose as per standards.

All the area around the tanks to a distance of atleast 3 m boundary wall and 15 m all around

petrol pump shall be kept clear of any grass,combustible material etc. All rail and road tankers shall be earthed before

filling and unloading.

Ignition switches of vehicles should be kept off atthe time of filling and unloading No cutting and welding on these tanks shall be

carried out either in filled condition or in emptycondition.

Prevention



There are many types of chemicals having differentrisks, as far as possible these shall be stored inseparate rooms.

All racks shall be anchored together at top and atbottom. Mutually reactive materials shall be keptas far apart as possible.

Fire from flammable liquids

Prevention



Fire from chemicals & other dangerous substances

As for as possible, these should be storage inseparated rooms

All racks in stores shall be anchored together attop to provide stability

The materials shall also be stored from bottomupwards and not the other way

Mutually reactive chemicals shall be kept as forapart as is possible.

All chemicals shall be labeled with colour codesindicating their property from the point of view of flammability, corrosion etc.

Prevention



Prevention is Better than CureStorage

All storage rooms must be maintained in an orderlymanner. Stored combustible materials should be keptto a minimum. This means the following goodhousekeeping practices must be employed:

Loose storage (paper, books, or files) must be keptoff floors and either put into boxes or stacked in anorganized manner on shelves.

Aisles, at least 24" wide, must be maintained toaccess storage and must be clear and free of trippinghazards at all times. These aisles will also act a routeof escape in an emergency.

Storage may not be stacked within 18" of a sprinklerhead in areas that are protected by an automaticsprinkler system. In areas not protected by sprinklersstorage must be 24 inches from the ceiling.


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Fire from Open Flame

Prevention

Because of the Risk involved, it is recommended thatthere be no open flames in any buildings. This includescandles, burning incense, kerosene lamps, oil lamps orother devices that emit any kind of flame.

There are several exceptions. They are: Welding or brazing devices will be permitted only by

completion of a "Hot Work Permit"' with the project under thesupervision of the appropriate Safety Manager, and compliancewith Safety restrictions.

The limited use of lighters and other flame emitting devicesafter satisfactory proof that fire safety guidelines are in placeand the approval of the Office of Risk Management andEnvironmental Health & Safety.

Scientific devices which are under the constant supervision of

the user or a professor in a laboratory environment.


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Fire from Open flame

Prevention Open Flames are not allowed in any campus building.

If a special situation arises, only safety officer cangrant approval for use of open flames in outdoorspecial events on campus after a review of the eventcircumstances and the risk involved.

The approval process will assure the responsibleperson is identified, fire watch is present, eliminationof fire hazard conditions through a site visit, andappropriate site personnel are familiar with and trainedto use local fire equipment and fire emergency

conditions.


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Fire preventions from Pipelines

The pipelines specially those carrying flammable gas / oil and oxygen etc shall be provided withintermediate valves and fire dampers so that anyportion required to be isolated can be easilyachieved.

For case of identification pipeline conveying differentmaterials shall be painted with their respectivecolors.

Prevention


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Fire in Cable Tunnels

Cable tunnels shall be checked and installationtested periodically.

No combustible dust or other material shall beallowed to accommodate in these tunnels.

As for as possible all trenches shall be properlycovered by concrete slab metal sheets No external source of heat shall be allowed near

the cables In area which are difficult to approach it may be

desirable to install automatic detection system.

Prevention


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Tidiness ,Cleanliness & House Keeping

All easily combustible waste materials like saw dust woodsaving, straw rags, jute cotton waste shall not allowed toaccumulate in and around any building.

Waste oil, oil socked cotton waste, greasy gage must becollected and deposited in proper metal bins immediatelyafter use.

At the end of each work all such waste material shall beremoved and disposed off by burning in the fire pit.

Congestion of any nature shall be avoided as for aspracticable

The lay out of stacks, machinery and fittings shall be well

spread out to allow easy access and handling Wild grass, undergrowth and such other vegetation can be

cause of orgin and spread of fire rapidly. They shall not beallowed to grow in the high risk areas oil storage includingpump houses, gas lines etc.


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Fire from Grass

At every project site there is always left some area

unused; Grass grows in these areas and normallyduring summer or due to project activities the grasscatches fire. And sometimes it is so devastating that itgrows beyond control. Moreover in such areas normallythere is no provision of fire hydrants.

Prevention of fire Ensure cutting and disposal of grass If grassy area is more make pathways in between to

avoid spread of fire from one area to other

As soon as fire is noticed arrangement of watertankers, fire tenders to be made Arrange continuous supply of water through portable

tankers Arrange adequate no. of fire beaters


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Closing time checks

Fire can grow to very large proportions duringnon working hours.

Before closing offices, stores, laboratories andother sections at the end of days work the officerincharge shall ensure that all chances of fires areeliminated

No fire shall be left burning, doors / widows,ventilators etc. Shall be securely closed, and allelectric switches including the main switch shallbe turned off.

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Fire Safety Tips

Close all openings if you cannot control the fire

Call for assistance before attempting to extinguishfire if you feel assistance is required

Dont leave the place before the arrival of necessary assistance

Guide/direct fire fighters to the scene

Dont allow un authorised persons to fight fires

Give preference to rescue, evacuation of old andweak

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Dont exhibit fear or panic Dont pour water related materials on electrical fire Stop the leakage or supply of gas in the event of fire

When gas leaks open all doors and windows If a cylinder leaks, take out to the open area If you notice gas leakage, dont operate any electricalswitches.

In a smoke filled room ,while moving keep your bodyas low as possible

Fire Safety Tips

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If you run you will inhale more toxic gases

Dont open a smoke filled room suddenly

Dont expose your body to the open doorwhile opening a room

Dont daub/ apply ointment over scalds andburns

Pour water slowly and continuously over

burns

Fire Safety Tips


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S A F E T Y A W A R E N E S

S

MOCK FIRE FIGHTING DEMONSTRATION


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S A F E T Y A W A R E N E S

S

MOCK FIRE FIGHTING DEMONSTRATION


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Your Actions Plans From this Programme

Short Term Action Plan Long Term Action Plan Three things I will implement

immediately Three things I will implement within----

--Months Three things I will not do in future .


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SCHEDULE IS IMPORTANT

BUT

COMES

Rules for Fighting Fires


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Most fire extinguishers will have a pictographlabel telling you which types of fire theextinguisher is designed to fight.

which means it should only be used on Class A fires.


For example, a simple water extinguishermight have a label like this



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Fires can be very dangerous and you should alwaysbe certain that you will not endanger yourself orothers when attempting to put out a fire.

For this reason, when a fire is discovered

1. Assist any person in immediate danger to safety, if itcan be accomplished without risk to yourself.

2. Call 101 or activate the building fire alarm. The firealarm will notify the fire department and otherbuilding occupants and shut off the HVAC system toprevent the spread of smoke.

If the fire is small (and Only after having done these 2 things), youmay attempt to use an extinguisher to put it out. However . . ..



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. . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:

1. Know what is burning. If you dont know whatsburning, you wont know what kind of extinguisherto use.

2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, theremay be something in the fire that is going toexplode or produce toxic fumes.

Chances are you will know whats burning, or at least havea pretty good idea, but if you dont, let the firedepartment handle it.




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. . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:

3. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where itstarted? The time to use an extinguisher is at thebeginning stages of the fire.

4. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simplyevacuate the building.

As you evacuate a building, close doors and windows behindyou as you leave. This will help to slow the spread of smokeand fire.




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Do not fight the fire if:

You dont have adequate or appropriate equipment. If you dont have the correct type or large enoughextinguisher, it is best not to try fighting the fire.

You might inhale toxic smoke. When synthetic

materials such as the nylon in carpeting or foam paddingin a sofa burn, they can produce hydrogen cyanide,acrolein, and ammonia in addition to carbon monoxide.These gases can be fatal in very small amounts.

Your instincts tell you not to. If you are

uncomfortable with the situation for any reason, just letthe fire department do their job.




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The final rule is to always position yourself with anexit or means of escape at your back before youattempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire.

In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpectedhappens, you need to be able to get out quickly. You dont wantto become trapped.


3. fire in power station

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