3. gilles van hamme - tiger
TRANSCRIPT
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Territorial impacts of globalization on European
Regions
Van Hamme Gilles
IGEAT-ULB
Liege meeting
November 2010
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The team
Lead partner : IGEAT-ULB
Partners
Pp2 (UK): School of real estate and planning. University of Reading
Pp3 (France): CNRS (mainly Universit de Normandie)
Pp4 (Italy): Dpto Studi Europei e Interculturali, Sapienza Universit diRoma
Pp5 (Sweden): Internationella Handelshgskolan i Jnkping AB
Pp6 (Bulgaria): Institute of Geography BAS
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Major questions and objectives
1. Objective 1: to assess how Europe, its regions and citiesparticipate in the global flows and networks and how the globalprocesses impact on the territorial structures of Europe.How can territorial policies help to improve the position of the differenttypes of regions in the world and ensure the objectives of social andterritorial cohesion despite the potentially unequal impacts of
globalization on European territories?
2. Objective 2: : to analyse the impacts of territorial structures onEuropean performancesHow can territorial policy improve European competitiveness? Forexample, should we invest mainly in the global cities to improveEuropes position in the world?
3. Objective 3:to analyse how Europe and its territories positionthemselves in the world through cooperation and networkingwith other parts of the world.
How this positioning participates in achieving the objectives ofimproving competitiveness as well as social and territorial cohesion?
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The architecture of the Project
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WP 2.2. Territorial structures in a comparative perspective
1. To provide updated divisions of the world (WUTS)
2. To Compare Europe with other parts of the world according tothe main political objectives of EU: competitiveness, social andterritorial cohesion
3. To assess the territorial structures of Europe in a comparative
3-D approach: level of concentration (density),inequalities/mobility (distance) and internal mobility(divisions):
- To assess the contemporary urban structure in Europe, including therole of gateways. More precisely, to assess the position of Europeancities in the global networks in a comparative perspective;
- To assess the internal mobility in the European space (people, goodsand capital)
- To assess the territorial inequalities of Europe in a comparative andlong term perspective.
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1. European Urban structure in a comparative perspective
1 - Elaboration of a database of all cities with more than 500000inhabitants which include: Population (1990-2007), GDP (six sectors1995-2006), airflows and Fortune indicators (2005)
2 Databases and analyses will be completed with original data comingfrom Flows and Networks WP (2.3). This should include GAWC
(2000,2004, 2008), port gateways, financial data (cross-listings andreal estates), airflows (1990-1999-2008-2010), Fortune,..
3 The analysis should privilege the dynamic aspects since I guess weunderstand sufficiently well why urban structure is more concentratedin USA. Main questions relate to the dynamics of concentration(metropolitanization? At which scale? National- macro-regional -
global) of:- population;
- GDP;
- High level services;
- Air and port networks.
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Basic resultsTable 1. Population of major cities in US and Europe in 2006
Europe (ESPON space) USA
Share of Share ofRank of the cities Total the cities
population
The whole
population
Total the cities
population
The whole
population
1 to 5 41 012 300 17% 8% 52 818 471 27% 18%
1 to10 61 055 900 25% 12% 78 639 292 40% 27%
1 to 20 87 813 300 37% 17% 112 803 829 58% 38%
1 to 50 139 554 600 58% 28% 160 919 486 83% 54%
Source: FOCI, Urban Audit, US Census Bureau
Map 1. Population of cities (functional areas) with more than 500000 inhabitants in US and ESPON space,2006
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Basic results : airflows (2)
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The GAWC data to assess Urban network dynamics in a comparativeperspective
Top 12 - 2000 Top 12 -20081. LON 100.00
2. NY 97.10
3. HK 73.08
4. TOKYO 70.64
5. PARIS 69.72
6. SINGAPORE 66.61
7. CHICAGO 61.18
8. MILAN 60.44
9. MADRID 59.23
10. LOS ANG 58.75
11. SYDNEY 58.06
12. FRANKFURT 57.53
1. NY 100.00
2. LON 99.32
3. HK 83.41
4. PARIS 79.68
5. SINGAPORE 76.15
6. TOKYO 73.627. SYDNEY 70.93
8. SHANGHAI 69.06
9. MILAN 69.05
10. BEIJING 67.65
11. MADRID 65.95
12. MOSCOW 64.85
- NY and LON are now near equivalent
- All US cities except New York drop out of top rankings
- Citieslinking to the WCN from the semi-periphery increase their WCNconnectivity, e.g. Shanghai, Beijing, Moscow
- Half the top 20 global service centres are now in the Asia Pacific region
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Europe and countries in the world trade: a long term perspective
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Share of extra-West European trade in the world trade
excluding intra-block trade
Share of intra-West European trade in the world trade
1968 1978 1988
1995 2005
The declining position of Europe
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Europe and countries in the world trade: a long term perspective
An integrated and not so open economy
INTRA-BLOCK trade (%) Ratio Exports (extra)/GDP by blocks (%)
1987 1995 2000 2006 1987 1995 2000 2006
EU-27 63.4 65.5 65.3 66.6 7.5 8.9 8.0 10.9
NAFTA 47.8 45.7 55.4 53.7 3.4 5.2 4.5 4.7
China 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 5.6 6.5 9.9
Japan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 15.1 15.1 16.2
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Europe and countries in the world trade: a long term perspective
A stable role in the international division of labour
US67
germany67
Italy67
UK67
Spain67
Greece67 West Europe67
Japan67
cameroon67
Korea67 Hungary67
Romania67
China67
US77
germany77
Italy77
UK77
Spain77
Greece77
West Europe77
Japan77
cameroon77
Korea77
Hungary77
Romania77
China77
US87
germany87
Italy87
UK87
Spain87
Greece87
West Europe87
Japan87
cameroon87
Korea87
Hungary87
Romania87
China87
US97
germany97
Italy97
UK97
Spain97
Greece97
West Europe97
Japan97
cameroon97
Korea97
Hungary97
Romania97
China97
US07
germany07
Italy07
UK07
Spain07
Greece07West Europe07
Japan07
cameroon07
Korea07
Hungary07Romania07
China07
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
labour intensive
primary
M
a
nu
f
a
c
t
u
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i
ng
Capital intensive
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Europe and countries in the world trade: a long term perspective
The changing geographical pattern of Europes position in the worldtrade
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WP 2.4. Political cooperation and networks
1) To analyse the different forms of cooperation between Europe and therest of the world and to assess which vision of Europe of the world itsupports
2) To focus on neighbourhood policies to see whether there is a realintegration between Europe and neighbouring regions
3) To assess the new regionalism by the analysis of network cooperationand networks of excellence between European actors, including publicbodies such as regions, and the rest of the world
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Conclusion
1. Identifying the key-driving forces of globalization and its impact onEuropean territories at different scales in relation with the main politicalquestions
2. To classify European cities and regions according to their position in theglobal space of flows.
On this basis, we can produce:
- Prospective results: how globalization trends will impact on Europeanterritories
- Policy options differentiated according to the city/regionss position in
the world economy.