3. jar 25 weights
TRANSCRIPT
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3. WEIGHTS3. WEIGHTS
Performance JAR 25Performance JAR 25
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WEIGHTSWEIGHTS
Takeoff weights
MTOW
RLW
SSLW & FSLW
OLTOW
Weight limited by Vmbe or Vmaxtire
Runway Bearing Capacity
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TAKEOFF WEIGHTSTAKEOFF WEIGHTS
Remember that the ATOW must be equal or lower than the lowest of:
OTOW
MZFW + Takeoff Fuel
OLW + Trip fuel
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TAKEOFF WEIGHTSTAKEOFF WEIGHTS
The OTOW is given by the lower of:
MTOW
Runway Limited Weight (RLW)
Segment Limited Weight (SSLW, FSLW)
Obstacle Limited Takeoff Weight (OLTOW)
Weight limited by Vmbe or Vmaxtire
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SSLWSSLW
The Second Segment Limited Weight (SSLW) or Climb Limited Takeoff weight is determined by the climb requirements just after takeoff assuming one engine inoperative.
The second segment begins with the landing gear retracted and ends at level-off altitude (at least 400 ft).
CONFIGURATION CLIMB REQUIREMENTS
Takeoff thrust set 2 engines: 2.4%
Takeoff flap 3 engines: 2.7%
Gear up 4 engines: 3.0%
V2 speed
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SSLWSSLW
Some factors that affect SSLW are DA, engine bleed and flaps.
Low flap settings will decrease RLW and increase SSLW, and vice versa. The optimum flap setting will be a compromise between the two.
Using the “improved climb performance” procedure (V2 + 10 climb) will increase the SSLW, paying the price of a RLW reduction.
Flap
OTOW
RLW
SSLW
Optimum flap
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OLTOWOLTOW
The Obstacle Limited Takeoff Weight (OLTOW) is determined by the obstacle clearance (35 ft) within the departure sector.
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OLTOWOLTOW
Factors that affect OLTOW are:
Distance to obstacles
Wind
Density altitude
Engine bleed (A/C, anti-ice…)
Flap setting
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RUNWAY BEARING CAPACITYRUNWAY BEARING CAPACITY
The runway strength may be not enough to bear the weight of a heavy aeroplane. Depending on the mass, number of tyres, pressure of tyres, etc, two classifications have been established:
ACN: Aircraft Classification Number. It represents the load that the aircraft puts onto the runway and taxiways.
PCN: Pavement Classification Number. It must be equal or higher than the ACN to permit operation of the aircraft.
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PCN CODEPCN CODE
1. PCN number 5. Pavement evaluation method
2. Type of pavement T = technical evaluation
R = Rigid U = By experience
F = Flexible
3. Pavement subgrade category EXAMPLES:
A = High 25 / F / B / X / T
B = Medium 59 / R / A / W / T
C = Low
D = Ultra – low
4. Maximum tyre pressure authorised
W = High, no limit
X = Medium (max. 217 psi)
Y = Low (max 145 psi)
Z = Very low (max 73 psi)