3 july 2015 2 3 background information objectives methodology results discussion conclusion ...
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April 19, 2023 2
Malaria prevalence and mean parasite density in asymptomatic population of
western Kenya ..
Tabitha Abongo | AMREF KenyaAMREF International conference
Safari Park Hotel Nairobi24th -26th November 2014
April 19, 2023
Study AreaStudy Area
Fig. 1: The location of study area in Kenya and the cluster of homesteads utilized for data collection
Results
Where; BS= blood smear, MP= malaria prevalence, and MPD= mean parasite Where; BS= blood smear, MP= malaria prevalence, and MPD= mean parasite densitydensity
Age groups BS Asexual(%) Gametes(%) MP(%) MPD/μℓ blood
0-11 months 11 45.5 9.1 45.5 104
12-23 months 12 41.7 16.7 58.8 1844
2-4 years 137 63.5 5.8 67.2 3744
5-9 years 177 55.9 4.5 61.6 1952
10-14 years 181 43.1 0 44.2 680
≥15 years 330 31.2 0.6 31.5 232
Total 848 44.5 2.2 46.8 568
Results
•Malaria prevalence of 46.8% (397/848) was obtained from 848 repeat blood smears. •Non-uniform significant difference in three-monthly interval incidence rates were detected (t=5.771, df=6, p=0.029).
•The MPD for children 2-9 years and other age-groups differed significantly (t=3.356, df=6, p=0.015), probably due to differences in immune response to malaria.
• Children 12-23 months old were most gametogonic (16.7%, 2/12);
• While those 2-4 year olds had high prevalence (67.2%; 92/137) and an MPD of 3,744-parasites/µℓ blood.
Discussion
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•The malaria prevalence of about 47% found in this study compares favorably to an average of 42% reported in Nyanza region in 2012 (Malaria by Numbers, 2012).
•Children 2-4 years were asymptomatic, carrying a mean parasite densities (3,7443,744)in excess of critical threshold of more than 1000 parasites/µℓ blood compared to infants and children ≥15 years.
• Children 2-4 years were the main malaria reservoir in the population at Kopere Village.
•The findings indicate that Malaria transmission is stage-specific and density-dependent, and is at peak when critical parasite densities are in excess of 1,000-parasites/µℓ blood.
Conclusion
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•The Malaria prevalence of about 47% was obtained among asymptomatic population in Kopere village.
•Mean parasite density determined for children 2-4 years exceeds the critical threshold of 1,000-parasite/µℓ blood, above which gametogony is initiated.
Recommendations
•Targeted control, which lowers the asexual parasite densities below the critical threshold are required to reduce malaria transmission.
•We propose that the MPD can be used to evaluate short-term malaria control;
• However a more controlled study design is required to confirm the ability of MPD as a sensitive tool, which can be used to monitor short-term malaria control.
Acknowledgments
• Andrew A. Obala
• Tabitha M. Abongo
• Helen L. Kutima,
• Henry D. Nyamogoba
• Ann W. Mwangi
• Barasa Khwa-Otsyula
• John H. Ouma
• Provincial Administration Kopere village
• Moi University
• Research Foundation of SUNY
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