3 major arteries of gi

7/30/2019 3 Major Arteries of GI

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3 Anterior visceral branches of AbdominalAorta

- Large and unpaired

1. the CELIAC ARTERY

o which branches from the abdominalaorta at the level of T12 vertebrae

o artery of the foreguto supplies the GI tract from the lower

1/3 of the esophagus the middle of

the second part of the duodenum

o very shorto surrounded by celiac plexuso lies behind the lesser sac of

peritoneumo 3 terminal branches:

a. Left gastric artery
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Runs to the cardiac end of the stomach

Gives off a few esophageal branches

Turns to the right along the lessercurvature of the stomach

Anastomoses with the right gastricartery (short gastric arteries)

- Branches:o Esophageal branches

b. Splenic artery- Runs to the left in a wavy course along the

upper border of the pancreas and behindthe stomach

- On reaching the left kidney, the arteryenters the splenicorenal ligament runsto the hilum of the spleen

- Branches:o Pancreatic brancheso Left gastroepiploic artery

Arises near the hilum of thespleen

Reaches the lesser curvatureof the stomach in thegastrosplenic omentum

Passes to the right along thegreater curvature of thestomach between the layersof greater omentum

Anastomoses with the right

gastroepiploic artery

o Short gastric arteries5 or 6Arise from the end of thesplenic arteryReach the fundus of thestomach in thegastrosplenic omentumAnastomose with the leftgastric artery and the leftgastroepiploic artery

c. Hepatic arteryo Medium-sizedo Is sometimes divided into

the common hepaticartery

Extends from its originto the gastroduodenlbranch

Hepatic artery propter The remainder of the

arteryo Branches:

Right gastric artery Arises from hepatic

artery at the upperborder of the pylorus

Runs to the left in thelesser omentum alongthe lesser curvature of the stomach

Anastomoses with leftgastric artery

Gastroduodenal artery A large branch that

descends behind thefirst part of theduodenum

Divides intoo Right

gastroepiploic artery

Runsalongthegreatercurvature of thestomachbetween thelayersof greateromentumAnastomosewith leftgastroepiploicartery

o Superiorpancreaticoduodenalartery

Descends bet.thesecondpart of theduodenum andthehead of pancreas

right and left hepaticartery


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supply the right andleft lobes of the liverrespectively

right hepatic artery

o usually givesoff the cysticartery runsto the neck of the GB

2. the superior mesenteric arteryo which arises from the abdominal

aorta at the lower border of vertebra L1

o artery of the midguto supplies the GI tract from the

midline of the 2 nd part of theduodenum as far as the distal1/3 of the transverse colon

distal part of the duodenum jejunumileumcecumappendixascending colonmost of the transverse colon

o branches:inferiorpancreaticoduodenalartery

passes to the right asa single or doublebranch along theupper border of the 3part of the duodenum

and the head of pancreas supplies the

o pancreaso adjoining

part of theduodenum

middle colic artery runs forward in the

transverse mesocolon divides into

o right brancho left branch

right colic artery often a branch of

ileocolic aa passes to the right to

supply the ascendingcolon

divides intoo ascending

brancho descending

branch

ileocolic artery passes downward to

the right gives rise to a

o superiorbranch anastomoseswith right colicartery

o inferiorbranch anastomoseswith the end of the superiormesenteric aa

Jujenal & ileal branches 12-15 in number Arise from the left side

of the superiormesenteric artery

Each divides into 2vessel, which unitew/ adjacent branchesto form a series of arcades

Give rise to-anterior &posterior cecalarteries-appendicularartery (branch of


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Fewer arcades supplythe jejunum than theileum

3. the inferior mesenteric arteryo which branches from the

abdominal aorta atapproximately vertebral level L3

o artery of the hindguto Supplies the large intestine from

the distal 1/3 of the transversecolon halfway down the analcanal

Distal 1/3 of the transversecolonLeft colic flexureDescending colonSigmoid colonRectumUpper half of the anal canal

o Arises from the abdominal aortaabout 1.5 in (3.8cm) above itsbifurcation

o Runs downward and to the left

Crosses the left common iliacartery

Becomes superior rectal artery

o BranchesLeft colic artery

Runs upward and tothe left

Supplies theo distal 3 rd of

transversecolon

o left colicflexure

o upper part of thedescending

colon divides into

o ascendingbranch

o descendingbranch

Sigmoid arteries 2 or 3 in number Supply the

o Descendingcolon

o Sigmoidcolon

Superior rectal artery A continuation of the

inferior mesentericartery as it crossesthe left common iliacartery

Descends into thepelvis behind therectum

Supplies theo Rectum


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o Upper half of the analcanal

Anastomoses with theo middle rectalo inferior rectal

arteries

4. Marginal arteryo The anastomosis of the colic arteries

around the concave margin of thelarge intestine forms a single arterialtrunk called marginal artery =)

o Begins at the ileocecal junctionWhere it anastomoses withthe ileal branches of thesuperior mesentericartery

o EndsWhere it anastomoses lessfreely with the superior rectalartery

VENOUS DRAINAGE- Venous blood from the GI tract drains to the

liver by the portal venous system- Proximal tributaries: drain directly into the

portal vein- Distal tributaries:

o correspond to the branches of theceliac artery

o superior & inferior mesentericarteries

Portal Vein (Hepatic Portal Vein)- drains blood from the abdominal part of the

GIo from the lower 3rdof the

esophagus anal canal- also drains blood from the

o spleeno pancreaso GB

- Enters the liver

SinusoidsHepatic veins

Inferior vena cava

- 2 in (5cm) long- Formed behind the neck of the

pancreas by the union of theo superior mesenteric veino splenic veins

Ascends to the right, behind the 1st

part of theduodenum

Enters the lesser omentum

Runs upward in front of the opening into the lessersac to the porta hepatis

Divides into right & left terminal branches
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- tributaries:o splenic veino inferior mesentery veino superior mesentery veino left gastric vein

drains the left portion of thelesser curvature of thestomach and the distal partof the esophagusopens directly into portal vein

o right gastric vein

ARTERIES ON THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINALWALL

Aorta- enters the abdomen through the aortic

opening of the diaphragm in front of theT12 vertebra

- descends behind the peritoneum on ehanterior surface of the bodies of the lumbarvertebrae

- @L4 divides into the 2 common iliacarteries

- On its right side lies theo IVCo Inferior vena cavao Cisterna chylio The beginning of azygous vein

- Branches:o 3 anterior branches:

Celiac arterySuperior mesentericarteryInferior mesenteric artery

o 3 lateral branchesSuprarenal arteryRenal arteryTesticular or ovarianartery

o 5 lateral abdominal wall branches1 inferior phrenic artery4 lumbar arteries

o 3 terminal branches2 common iliac arteriesMedian sacral artery


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COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES(RIGHT AND LEFT COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES)

- Are terminal branches of aorta- Arise at the level of L4

Run downward and laterally along the

medial border of the psoas mm

Each ends in front of sacroiliac joint bydividng into the

External & internal iliac arteries

- @ bifurcation: the common iliac artery oneach side is crossed anteriorly by ureter

External Iliac Artery- Runs along the medial borer of psoas,

following the pelvic rim

- Branches:o Inferior epigastric artery

Arises just above the inguinalligament

Passes upward & medially along the medial margin

of the deep inguinal ring

Enters rectus sheath behind the rectus abdominismm

o Deep circumflex artery


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Arise close to the inferiorepigastric artery

Ascends laterally to the

anterior superior iliac spine &the iliac crest

Supply the mm of the

anterior abdominal wall- Enters the thigh by passing under the

inguinal ligament Become femoral artery

Internal Iliac Artery- Passes down into the pelvis in front of the

sacroiliac joint

VEINS OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Inferior vena cava- Coveys most of the blood from the body

below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart

- Is formed by the union of theo Common iliac veins behind the

right common iliac artery @ the levelof L5 vertebra

- It ascends on the right side of the aorta

Pierces the central tendon of thediapghragm at the level of T8

Right atrium

- Behind its right margin: right sympathetictrunk

- Right border: close to right ureter

- The entrance into the lesser sac separates the inferior vena cava from theportal vein

- Tributarieso 2 anterior visceral tributaries :

hepatic veinso 3 lateral visceral tributaries:

Right suprarenal vein *the left suprarenal

vein drains into theleft renal vein

Renal veinsRight testicular or ovarianvein

*the left ones aredrained into the leftrenal vein

5 lateral abdominaltributaries

1 inferior phrenicvein

4 lumbar veins

3 veins of origin 2 common iliacveins

Median sacral vein

Inferior Mesenteric Vein- A tributary of the portal circulation- Begins halfway down the anal canal as the

superior rectal vein

Passes up the posterior abdominal wall onthe left side of the inferior mesenteric

artery & duodenal flexure

Joins the splenic vein behind the pancreas

Receives the tributaries that correspond tothe branches of the artery

Splenic Mesenteric Vein- A tributary of the portal circulation


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- Begins at the hilum of the spleen by theunion of several veins

Joined by the short gastric and left gastoepiploic

veins

Passes to the right within the splenicorenalligament

Runs behind the pancreas

Joins the superior mesenteric vein behind the neckof the pancreas

Form the portal vein

- Joined by veins from the pancreas and theinferior mesenteric vein

Superior Mesenteric vein- A tributary of portal circulation- Begins at the ileocecal junction

Runs upward on the posterior abdominal wall

within the root of the mesentery of the s.i. and onthe right side of the superior mesenteric aa

Passes in front of the 3 rd part of theduodenum and behind the neck of the

pancreas

Joins the splenic vein

Form the portal vein

3 major arteries of gi

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