3 recurring themes in anatomy & physiology structure and function homeostasisintegration 1
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3 recurring themes in 3 recurring themes in Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & Physiology
Structure and Function Structure and Function
HomeostasisHomeostasis
IntegrationIntegration
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Language of AnatomyLanguage of Anatomy
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AnatomyAnatomyPhysiologyPhysiologyAnatomical positionAnatomical position
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- Structure- Structure
- - Function Function
Sectional AnatomySectional Anatomy
Transverse (cross) planeTransverse (cross) plane Frontal (coronal) planeFrontal (coronal) plane Saggital planeSaggital plane
MidsagittalMidsagittal ParasagittalParasagittal
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Anatomical DirectionsAnatomical Directions
Distal
Proximal
Frontal plane
Posterior
AnteriorMidsagittalplane
Transverse plane
Superior
Inferior
Medial & Lateral
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Ventral
Dorsal
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Dorsal/Palmar/Plantar
Superficial/Deep
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Body CavitiesBody Cavities PurposePurpose ContainmentContainment MovementMovement
PosteriorPosterior CranialCranial VertebralVertebral
AnteriorAnterior Thoracic Thoracic AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic
• False cavitiesFalse cavities1010
Thoracic cavityThoracic cavity Pleural cavities (2)Pleural cavities (2)
• LungsLungs
MediastinumMediastinum• Pericardial cavityPericardial cavity
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Stayin’ AliveCharacteristics of Life
•Maintenance of boundaries
•Responsiveness
•Digestion
•Metabolism
•Excretion
•Growth
•Movement
•Reproduction
Survival Needs
•Water
•Nutrients
•Oxygen
•Temperature
•Pressure
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Homeostasis
All organisms must maintain a constant internal environment to function properly.- Temperature- pH- Salinity- Fluid levels
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Feedback Cycles
3 Main Components (Variable)- Receptors- Control Center- Effectors
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Negative Feedback Cycle
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Feedback cycle endswhen plug is formed.
Positive feedbackcycle is initiated.
Positivefeedbackloop
Break or tearoccurs in bloodvessel wall.
Plateletsadhere to siteand releasechemicals.
Releasedchemicalsattract moreplatelets.
Platelet plugforms.
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Positive Feedback
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Body Systems
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IntegumentaryIntegumentary SystemSystemConsists of: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat and Sebaceous GlandsConsists of: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat and Sebaceous Glands
External support and External support and protection of the bodyprotection of the body
Helps regulate body Helps regulate body temperaturetemperature
Contains sense organsContains sense organs
Synthesizes chemicals Synthesizes chemicals that affect the rest of the that affect the rest of the bodybody
SkeletalSkeletal SystemSystemConsists of: Bones of the Skeleton and Associated Cartilage, tendons, Consists of: Bones of the Skeleton and Associated Cartilage, tendons, ligamentsligaments
Internal support and Internal support and protection of organsprotection of organs
Produces blood cellsProduces blood cells
Stores calcium and Stores calcium and phosphorus phosphorus
Attachment point for Attachment point for muscles, assist in muscles, assist in movementmovement
MuscularMuscular SystemSystemConsists of: Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, and Smooth MusclesConsists of: Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, and Smooth Muscles
Voluntary movementVoluntary movement
Production of body HeatProduction of body Heat
Involuntary movement: Involuntary movement: beating of heart and beating of heart and movement found within movement found within internal organsinternal organs
NervousNervous SystemSystemConsists of: Brain, Spinal Cord, and NervesConsists of: Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves
Receive information Receive information from organs and from organs and external environmentexternal environment
Interprets the Interprets the information it receivesinformation it receives
Sends out responseSends out response
EndocrineEndocrine SystemSystemConsists of: Hormonal GlandsConsists of: Hormonal Glands
Produces hormones Produces hormones that helps maintain that helps maintain a constant internal a constant internal environmentenvironment
Helps maintain the Helps maintain the reproductive organsreproductive organs
CirculatoryCirculatory SystemSystemConsists of: Heart and Blood VesselsConsists of: Heart and Blood Vessels
Carries nutrients and Carries nutrients and oxygen TO all the cells oxygen TO all the cells of the bodyof the body
Carries waste products Carries waste products AWAY from all cells of AWAY from all cells of the bodythe body
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic SystemConsists of: Lymphatic Vessels, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Thymus, and Consists of: Lymphatic Vessels, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Thymus, and Red Bone MarrowRed Bone Marrow
Protects the body Protects the body from disease from disease (Immunity)(Immunity)
Absorbs fatsAbsorbs fats
Drains tissue of fluidDrains tissue of fluid
Respiratory SystemRespiratory SystemConsists of: Lungs and air tubesConsists of: Lungs and air tubes
Brings oxygen into Brings oxygen into the blood stream the blood stream and into the bodyand into the body
Removes carbon Removes carbon dioxide from the dioxide from the blood stream and blood stream and excretes it out of the excretes it out of the bodybody
Digestive SystemDigestive SystemConsists of: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestine, Consists of: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestine, and Other Accessory Organsand Other Accessory Organs
Receives foodReceives food
Processes food and Processes food and extracts nutrientsextracts nutrients
Delivers nutrients to Delivers nutrients to blood stream for blood stream for distributiondistribution
Removes solid waste Removes solid waste productsproducts
Urinary Urinary (Excretory)(Excretory) System SystemConsists of: Kidneys, Bladder, and Conducting TubesConsists of: Kidneys, Bladder, and Conducting Tubes
Maintains volume and Maintains volume and chemical composition chemical composition of bloodof blood
Removes nitrogen Removes nitrogen waste from blood waste from blood
Excretes waste from Excretes waste from the bodythe body
Reproductive SystemReproductive SystemConsists of: Male and Female Sex OrgansConsists of: Male and Female Sex Organs
Produces and maintains the Produces and maintains the sex cells (sperm and eggs)sex cells (sperm and eggs)
Transfer of sperm to female Transfer of sperm to female system where development system where development occursoccurs
Producing the hormones that Producing the hormones that maintain proper fetal maintain proper fetal developmentdevelopment