The evolution of the EU

Chapter 3

The evolution of the EU

• A

The evolution of the EU III

• Postwar Europe (1945 – 1948)1. Bretton Woods (1944) Free trade2. Threat from the east NATO3. Marshall plan [Development aid from USA to

Europe]

The evolution of the EU IV

• First steps towards integration (1948 – 1955)1. Congress of Europe 1948 Council of Europe2. May 9, 1950 Schuman declaration

(functionalism) ECSC3. ECSC first supranational body!

The evolution of the EU V

• The EEC (1955 – 1986)1. Treaties of Rome Common market in 12 years;

CAP, ESF, EIB2. EFTA 1960 accession to EEC!3. EEC 12 in 1986

The evolution of the EU VI

• Economic and social integration (1979 – 1992)1. EMS 19792. SEA 1986; abolishment of physical, fiscal and

technical barriers before end of 1992 i. Single biggest marketii. New policy areas EC Commission and Court of

Justiceiii. European Council received legal statusiv. Cohesion is promoted

The evolution of the EU VII

• From community to union (1992 – 2003)Fall of the wall & war in Yugoslavia & IGC 1990

Treaty of Maastricht; aim for political unionMore countries to join EU 15

Effects of Maastricht treaty?See page 63/64 (5th edition)

The evolution of the EU VIII• The Euro, Lisbon and beyond (2004 - …)

1. One currency, €2. Lisbon strategy Europe 20203. Enlargements 2004, 2007, 20134. Constitution, rejected 5. Treaty of Lisbon

New president, high representative, qualified majority voting, free to leave

The evolution of the EU IX• Two/ three student assignment: In which

country would you do your research? Look towards 1. reality and 2. targets, 3. Add three ‘DESTEP’ reasons to support your choice.

• Targets given (copy)• Hint for reality:

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/europe-2020-indicators/headline-indicators

• Deadline: end of class