3. wave notes
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Waves
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Wave:Transportation of forms of energyLight, heat, and sound travel as wavesMost travel through a medium (not
electromagnetic waves)
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MediumMatter through which waves pass through
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Transverse Waves:Moves at right angles to the direction of the
waves energyMatter moves up and down, while energy
moves side to sideDemo:
ENERGY
MATTER
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Longitudinal Wavesa.k.a. compressional wavesMedium moves in the same direction as the
energy of the waveEnergy and the matter move side to sideDemo: MATTERENERGY
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CREST – high point on wave
WAVELENGTH – distance on a wave from one point to the next identical point
TROUGH – low point on a wave
AMPLITUDE - height of wave, directly related to energy
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WAVELENGTH – distance on a wave from one point to the next identical point (from one compression to another)
COMPRESSIONRAREFRACTION
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Reflection:Bouncing back of waveLaw of Reflection, the angle at which the
wave hits will be the same angle at which it reflects
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Diffraction:The bending of waves
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Wave Interference:Two or more waves coming in contact with
anotherConstructive interference produces larger
amplitudesDestructive interference produces smaller
amplitudes
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Ocean Wave Creation:Winds cause the formation of wavesThe faster and longer the wind, the larger the
waveSize also depends on the fetch, the span of
water over which the wind blows
wind
Fetch
Fetch
Larger waves
Smaller waves
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Ocean Wave Movement:Matter moves
in a circular pattern as energy passes through
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Types of Ocean Waves:Seas – choppy water due to storm winds
resulting in peaked waves with flat troughsSwells – once away from winds crests and
troughs smooth out into typical wavesBreaks/Surf – in shallow water, waves slow
and pile up and become higher and steeper, eventually falling over
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Storm Winds
SeasSwells
Breaks & Surf
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Tidal Wave:A general term used to describe a large wave
which may goes against wind and wave direction
Describes:Tidal boreTidal surgeTsunami
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Tidal Bore:Large movement of water due the funneling
of an incoming tide into a narrow river or bay
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Tidal Surge:A temporary
increase in the volume of water, usually due to a hurricane, that causes waves to go over top of defenses
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Tsunami (Tidal Wave):A tidal surge or wave caused by an
earthquake