3. world farming systems
TRANSCRIPT
World farming systems
TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE MARKET AFRICULTURE
SPECULATIVE AGRIC. COMMERCIAL AGR.
PLANTATION AGR. INDUSTRIAL AGR.
The TRADITIONAL farming systemAlso called SUBSISTENCE agriculture.1/5 of world agriculture.Hunting, fruit gathering, nomadic agriculture
(these 3 rare nowadays) or animal husbandry are also
part of traditional farming.
TechniquesEXTENSIVE FARMING (no technology)
Burning and sowing in the
ashes
Fallow lands
SIMPLE: axe, hoe, stick…
EQUIPMENT
Crop diversity and CROPSMultiple crop: cereals and animal husbandry
Purpose of production:SELF CONSUMPTION
WorkforceFamilies, People from the community…
WHERE?
Underdeveloped countries
Ownership
COMMUNAL, public(not private)
Plantation FarmingIt originated at colonial times.Also called SPECULATIVE farming.
Techniques EXTENSIVE farming (no technologies)
Crop diversityand cropsSingle crop: Cocoa, cotton, cofee, bananas, rubber…
Purpose of production:
To obtain benefits
WorkforceNatives Slaves Wage labourers (workers who receive a salary)
Where?In or near the tropics. Underdeveloped/developing
Ownership
INDUSTRIAL FARMING This is also SPECULATIVE farming. In
fact, it’s simmilar to PLANTATION farming,
but instead of using extensive techniques,
they use INTENSIVE ones.
TECHNIQUES: Completely INTENSIVE
All the mechanical, technical and scientific advances of the green revolution are used.
EQUIPMENT: mechanical, technical and scientifical advances
Also genetical modification offood(Green Revolution)
CROP DIVERSITY and CROPSUsually SINGLE CROP
Animals, different crop
WORKFORCEWage labourers. Little labour needed as a consequence of complete mechanisation
WHERE?
Ownership
Commercial farmingFarming type specialised in certain crops as
dictated by
prices and profits. Also called MARKET farming.
It’s divided in 2 regions:
The ATLANTIC region
(where climate is Oceanic)
The MEDITERRANEAN region
(where climate is Mediterranean)
Techniques / Crop diversityBoth INTENSIVE and EXTENSIVE
Mostly SINGLE-CROP
In Oceanic climate regions…INTENSIVE CATTLE-RAISING or…
EXTENSIVE CATTLE RAISING
Pasture in grazing lands ormeadow lands
In Mediterranean climate regions…Both EXTENSIVE and INTENSIVE farming
EXTENSIVE:
ORCHARDS(oranges, Lemons…)
VINEYARDS
OLIVES
CEREAL
Or INTENSIVE farming (vegetables in greenhouses)
EQUIPMENT Advanced tools and machines
Purpose of production:
To obtain benefits
WORKFORCETemporary labour
WHERE?
Ownership