30 bearings& lubrication fope
TRANSCRIPT
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BEARINGS
&
LUBRICATION
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PRINCIPLES OF FRICTION
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TYPES OF BEARINGS
S O L ID S P L IT H A L F T IL T IN G P A D
JO U R N A L B E A R IN G(R A D IA L L O A D )
G . C Y L IN D E R &R ID E R R IN G
G U ID E B E A R ING(B A C K & F O R T H )
M O T IO N
G . V E R T IC A L F A N
T H R U S T B E A R IN G / T IL T IN G P A D(A X IA L L O A D)
(A R E A C O N T A C T )
P L A IN B E A R ING
(P O IN T O R L IN E C O N T A C T )
R O L L IN G E L E M E NTO R
A N T I F R IC T IO N B E A R IN G
B E A R IN G
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BEARING ARRANGEMENT
THRUST
RADIAL
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BEARING ARRANGEMENT
THRUST
RADIAL
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BEARING ARRANGEMENT
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ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS
• BALL BEARINGS
•RADIAL BALL BEARING
•ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARING
• ROLLER BEARINGS
• CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARING
• TAPER ROLLER BEARING
• SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
• NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING
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BEARING NOMENCLATURE
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LOAD DIRECTION
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BALL BEARINGS
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ROLLER BEARINGS
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NEEDLE ROLLER BEARINGS
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BEARING LIFE
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LOAD CARRYING SURFACES
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BEARING DESIGNATION
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BEARING DESIGNATION
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BEARING FAILURE ANALYSIS
A SURVEY REVEALS :
• 9% FAILURE DUE TO FATIGUE.
• 27% FAILURES DUE TO IMPROPER MOUNTING & DISMOUNTING.
• 43% FAIL DUE TO IMPROPER LUBRICATION.
• 21% FAILURES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES.
OBJECTIVE:
• 100% FAILURES DUE TO NORMAL FATIGUE.
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FRICTION BEARINGS
TILTING PAD BEARINGSLEEVE BEARINGS
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WORKING PRINCIPLE
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TILTING PAD RADIAL BEARING
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TILTING PAD THRUST BEARING
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LUBRICATION
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WHY LUBRICATION??
• Formation of protective film to
Reduce friction Prevent corrosion Remove wear particles and debris Provide efficient cooling Reduce wear Shock absorption Overall life improvement
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LUBRICATION THEORY
• Full film
• Static
• Hydrodynamic
• Elastohydrodynamic
• Application of pressure / load
• Depends upon speeds, loads, lubricant viscosity
• Boundary layer
• Layer separation not complete
• Results from insufficient lube, incorrect lube
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GREASE Vs OIL
When greases?
Normal speed and temp conditions Simpler / cheaper installation Better adhesion Protection against impurities Less frequent application required
When Oils?
High Speed and temp Excellent cleaning and flushing characteristics Can be used in recirculative systems Can serve better in excessive dirt environment More stable than greases
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LUBE OIL PROPERTIES
Viscosity Viscosity indexFlash point Pour pointOxidation stabilityDemulsibilityLoad carrying ability (EP)DetergencyTAN / TBN
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TYPES OF LUBRICANTS
• Automotive oils Engine oils Gear oils Transmission oils Other oils (preservative oils etc)
• Industrial oils Turbine oils Hydraulic oils Gear oils Refrigeration compressor oils
• Greases• Synthetic oils
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LUBE OIL SELECTION
OEM recommendationViscosity & VIBearing and lubrication typeOperating temperature
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LUBE OIL MONITORING
Lube oil levelOil pressureOil inlet and outlet tempLube cooler inlet & outlet tempOil filter DPBearing temp
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WDA Concept Every lubricated wear surface generates particles
There is a gradual build up of small particles in a normal system
When abnormal wear begins, there is no sharp instantaneous increase in the concentration of small particles present in the system
Large particles, however, reach a dynamic equilibrium in a normal system (filtration)
When abnormal wear begins, there is a dramatic increase in the concentration of large particles
Therefore, detection, measurement and analysis of these large wear particles can provide early and accurate information about the condition of the machine
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WDA Methodology• Particle Size
• Composition
• Shape
• Concentration
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WDA Trend Graph
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• Lubricant Analysis– Monitoring of the lubricant
– Condition of the lubricant
– Viscosity, TAN, TBN, Water content, Insolubles
• Wear debris Analysis– Monitoring of wear particles
– Condition of the machine
– Quantity of wear particles in ppm
Oil analysis Vs WDA
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WDA : Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
Provides early warning
Identifies lubricant contamination
Identifies specific failing components
Helps monitor component deterioration
Disadvantages:
Trending is necessary
Accuracy depends on sampling point, skill