3.0 plane sailing answers - full

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School of Nautical Studies PLANE SAILING ANSWERS 1. Convert the courses a. to e. into quadrantal notation and f. to j. to 360º notation (a) 030º 030º converted to Quadrantal Notation is N 30º E (b) 136º HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 1 26/06/2022 F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & Science Outcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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Page 1: 3.0 Plane Sailing Answers - Full

School of Nautical Studies

PLANE SAILING ANSWERS

1. Convert the courses a. to e. into quadrantal notation and f. to j. to 360º notation

(a) 030º

030º converted to Quadrantal Notation is N 30º E

(b) 136º

136º converted to Quadrantal Notation is S 44º E

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 1 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

Page 2: 3.0 Plane Sailing Answers - Full

School of Nautical Studies

(c) 218º

218º converted to Quadrantal Notation is S 38º W

(d) 346º

346º converted to Quadrantal Notation is N 14º W

(e) 279º

279º converted to Quadrantal Notation is N 81º W

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 2 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

Page 3: 3.0 Plane Sailing Answers - Full

School of Nautical Studies

(f) S 81º E

S 81º E converted to 360º Notation is 099º

(g) S 87º W

S 87º W converted to 360º Notation is 267º

(h) N 86º E

N 86º E converted to 360º Notation is 086º

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 3 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

Page 4: 3.0 Plane Sailing Answers - Full

School of Nautical Studies

(i) N 7º W

N 7º W converted to 360º Notation is 353º

(j) N 69º W

N 69º W converted to 360º Notation is 291º

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 4 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

2. Find the Mean Latitude between each of the following:-

(a) Lat A 51º 30.0’NLat B +40º 10.0’N

91º 40.0’÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 45º 50.0’N

The Mean Lat is 45º 50.0’ North

(b) Lat A 37º 26.0’NLat B +18º 53.0’N

56º 19.0’÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 28º 09.5’N

The Mean Lat is 28º 09.5’ North

(c) Lat A 37º 25.0’SLat B +52º 51.0’S

90º 16.0’÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 45º 08.0’S

The Mean Lat is 45º 08.0’ South

(d) Lat A 21º 08.0’SLat B +18º 03.0’N

39º 11.0’÷ 2 2

-19º 35.5’Highest Lat 21º 08.0’S Mean Lat 01º 32.5’S

The Mean Lat is 01º 32.5’ South

(e) Lat A 05º 06.0’SLat B +03º 17.0’N

08º 23.0’÷ 2 2

-04º 11.5’Highest Lat 05º 06.0’S Mean Lat 00º 54.5’S

The Mean Lat is 00º 54.5’ South HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 5 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

3. (a) Co 308º = S 52º E Dist 428 miles

Lat A 35º 42.0’N Lat A 35º 42.0’ND’Lat +4º 23.5’N Lat B +40º 05.5’N Lat B 40º 05.5’N 75º 47.5’

÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 37º 53.8’N

Long A 071º 22.0’WD’Long +7º 07.4’W Long B 078º 29.4’W

To Calculate the D’Lat

Dist = D’Lat Cos Co

D’Lat = Dist x Cos Co

= 428 x Cos 308º

D’Lat = 263.5’N = 4º 23.5’N

To Calculate the Departure To Calculate the D’Long

Tan Co = Dep Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat D’Lat

D’Long = Dep Dep = D’Lat x Tan Co Cos Mean Lat

= 263.5 x Tan 308º = 337.3 Cos 37º 53.8’

Dep = 337.3’W D’Long = 427.4’W = 7º 07.4’W

The Final Position is Lat 40º 05.5’ North Long 078º 29.4’ West

3. (b) Co 145º = S 35º E Dist 377 milesHNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 6 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

Lat A 40º 06.0’N Lat A 40º 06.0’ND’Lat 5º 08.8’S Lat B 34º 57.2’N Lat B 34º 57.2’N 75º 03.2’

÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 37º 31.6’N

Long A 056º 07.0’WD’Long 4º 32.7’E Long B 051º 34.3’W

To Calculate the D’Lat

Dist = D’Lat Cos Co

D’Lat = Dist x Cos Co

= 377 x Cos 145º

D’Lat = 308.8’S = 5º 08.8’S

To Calculate the Departure To Calculate the D’Long

Tan Co = Dep Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat D’Lat

Dep = D’Lat x Tan Co D’Long = Departure Cos Mean Lat

= 308.8 x Tan 145º = 216.2 Cos 37º 31.6’

Dep = 216.2’E D’Long = 272.7’E = 4º 32.7’E

The Final Position is Lat 34º 57.2’ North Long 051º 34.3’ West

3. (c) Co 239º = S 59º W Dist 293 milesHNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 7 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

Lat A 21º 11.0’S Lat A 21º 11.0’SD’Lat 2º 30.9’S Lat B 23º 41.9’S Lat B 23º 41.9’S 44º 52.9’

÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 22º 26.5’S

Long A 098º 52.0’ED’Long 4º 31.7’W Long B 094º 20.3’E

To Calculate the D’Lat

Dist = D’Lat Cos Co

D’Lat = Dist x Cos Co

= 293 x Cos 239º

D’Lat = 150.9’S = 2º 30.9’S

To Calculate the Departure To Calculate the D’Long

Tan Co = Dep Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat D’Lat

D’Long = Departure Dep = D’Lat x Tan Co Cos Mean Lat

= 150.9 x Tan 239º = 251.2 Cos 22º 26.5’

Dep = 251.2’E D’Long = 271.7’W = 4º 31.7’W

The Final Position is Lat 23º 41.9’ South Long 094º 20.3’ East

3. (d) Co 067º = N 67º E Dist 519 milesHNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 8 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

Lat A 28º 52.0’S Lat A 28º 52.0’SD’Lat -3º 22.8’N Lat B +25º 29.2’S Lat B 25º 29.2’S 54º 21.2’

÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 27º 10.6’S

Long A 178º 43.0’ED’Long +8º 57.0’E Long B -187º 40.0’E~360º 360º Long B 172º 20.0’W

To Calculate the D’Lat

Dist = D’Lat Cos Co

D’Lat = Dist x Cos Co

= 519 x Cos 067º

D’Lat = 202.8’N = 3º 22.8’N

To Calculate the Departure To Calculate the D’Long

Tan Co = Dep Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat D’Lat

D’Long = Departure Dep = D’Lat x Tan Co Cos Mean Lat

= 202.8 x Tan 067º = 477.7 Cos 27º 10.6’

Dep = 477.7’E D’Long = 537.0’E = 8º 57.0’E

The Final Position is Lat 25º 29.2’ South Long 172º 20.0’ West

3. (e) Co 331º = N 29º W Dist 199 miles

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 9 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

Lat A 00º 19.0’S Lat A 00º 19.0’SD’Lat -2º 54.0’N Lat B +02º 35.0’N Lat B 02º 35.0’N 02º 54.0’

÷ 2 2 -01º 27.0’

Highest Lat 02º 35.0’N Mean Lat 01º 08.0’N

Long A 130º 14.0’ED’Long - 1º 36.5’W Long B 128º 37.5’E

To Calculate the D’Lat

Dist = D’Lat Cos Co

D’Lat = Dist x Cos Co

= 199 x Cos 331º

D’Lat = 174.0’N = 2º 54.0’N

To Calculate the Departure To Calculate the D’Long

Tan Co = Dep Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat D’Lat

D’Long = Departure Dep = D’Lat x Tan Co Cos Mean Lat

= 174.0 x Tan 331º = 477.7 Cos 27º 10.6’

Dep = 96.5’W D’Long = 96.5’W = 1º 36.5’W

The Final Position is Lat 02º 35.0’ North Long 128º 37.5’ East

N.B. All Answers for Courses taken to the nearest whole Degree (Half Degree)

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 10 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

4. (a) Lat A 31º 12.0’N Lat A 31º 12.0’NLat B 33º 47.0’N Lat B +33º 47.0’N D’Lat 02º 35.0’N 64º 59.0’

= 155’N ÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 32º 29.5’N

Long A 030º 56.0’WLong B 025º 03.0’W D’Long 5º 53.0’E

= 353’E

To Calculate the Departure

Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat

= 353 x Cos 32º 29.5’

Dep = 297.7’E

To Calculate the Course To Calculate the Distance

Tan Co = Departure Dist = D’Lat D’Lat Cos Co

= 297.7 = 155 155 Cos 062.5º

Tan Co = 1.92093 Dist = 335.7 miles

Co = N 62.5 E = 062.5ºT

The Track is 062ºT (062.5ºT)

The Distance is 335.7 miles

4. (b) Lat A 18º 48.0’S Lat A 18º 48.0’SLat B 23º 34.0’S Lat B +23º 34.0’S

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 11 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

D’Lat 04º 46.0’S 42º 22.0’ = 286’S ÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 21º 11.0’S

Long A 089º 12.0’ELong B 086º 51.0’E D’Long 2º 21.0’W

= 141’W

To Calculate the Departure

Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat

= 141 x Cos 21º 11.0’

Dep = 131.5’W

To Calculate the Course To Calculate the Distance

Tan Co = Departure Dist = D’Lat D’Lat Cos Co

= 131.5’ = 286 286 Cos 204.7º

Tan Co = 0.45969 Dist = 314.8 miles

Co = S 24.7 W = 204.7ºT

The Track is 205º T (204.5º T)

The Distance is 314.8 miles

4. (c) Lat A 29º 29.0’S Lat A 29º 29.0’SLat B 31º 33.0’S Lat B +31º 33.0’S

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 12 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

D’Lat 02º 04.0’S 61º 02.0’ = 124’S ÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 30º 31.0’S

Long A 022º 14.0’WLong B 016º 43.0’W D’Long 5º 31.0’E

= 331’E

To Calculate the Departure

Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat

= 331 x Cos 30º 31.0’

Dep = 285.2’E

To Calculate the Course To Calculate the Distance

Tan Co = Departure Dist = D’Lat D’Lat Cos Co

= 285.2’ = 124 124 Cos 113.5º

Tan Co = 2.29960 Dist = 310.9 miles

Co = S 66.5 E = 113.5ºT

The Track is 113º T (113.5º T)

The Distance is 310.9 miles

4. (d) Lat A 44º 38.0’N Lat A 44º 38.0’NLat B 42º 38.0’N Lat B +42º 38.0’N

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 13 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

D’Lat 02º 00.0’S 87º 16.0’ = 120’S ÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 43º 38.0’N

Long A 178º 16.0’ELong B 177º 40.0’W D’Long -355º 56.0’W~ 360º 360º D’Long 4º 04.0’Ex 60 60 D’Long 244.0’E

To Calculate the Departure

Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat

= 244 x Cos 43º 38.0’

Dep = 176.6’E

To Calculate the Course To Calculate the Distance

Tan Co = Departure Dist = D’Lat D’Lat Cos Co

= 176.6’ = 120 120 Cos 124.2º

Tan Co = 1.47167 Dist = 213.5 miles

Co = S 55.8 E = 124.2ºT

The Track is 124º T

The Distance is 213.5 miles

5. (a) Lat A 45º 18.0’S Lat A 45º 18.0’SLat B 44º 56.0’S Lat B +44º 56.0’S

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 14 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

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School of Nautical Studies

D’Lat 00º 22.0’N 90º 14.0’ = 22’N ÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 45º 07.0’S

Long A 000º 21.0’WLong B +000º 14.0’ED’Long 0º 35.0’E

= 35.0’E

To Calculate the Departure

Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat

= 35 x Cos 45º 07.0’

Dep = 24.7’E

To Calculate the Course To Calculate the Distance

Tan Co = Departure Dist = D’Lat D’Lat Cos Co

= 24.7’ = 22 22 Cos 048.3º

Tan Co = 1.12265 Dist = 33.1 miles

Co = N 48.3 E = 048.3ºT

The Set is 048.5º T (048.5º T)

The Drift is 33.1 miles

5. (b) Lat A 58º 20.0’N Lat A 58º 20.0’NLat B 59º 04.0’N Lat B +59º 04.0’N

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 15 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR

Page 16: 3.0 Plane Sailing Answers - Full

School of Nautical Studies

D’Lat 00º 44.0’N 117º 24.0’ = 44’N ÷ 2 2 Mean Lat 58º 42.0’N

Long A 093º 21.0’ELong B +092º 58.0’WD’Long 0º 23.0’W

= 23.0’W

To Calculate the Departure

Dep = D’Long x Cos Mean Lat

= 23 x Cos 58º 42.0’

Dep = 11.9’W

To Calculate the Course To Calculate the Distance

Tan Co = Departure Dist = D’Lat D’Lat Cos Co

= 11.9’ = 44 44 Cos 344.8º

Tan Co = 0.27157 Dist = 45.6 miles

Co = N 15.2 W = 344.8ºT

The Set is 345º T

The Drift is 45.6 miles

HNC Nautical Science – G8F5 15 16 07/04/2023F0M0 34 – Navigational Mathematics & ScienceOutcome 1 – Describe and apply navigational terms and calculate courses and distances. APR