30067491 1st lecture data vs information
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to MIS
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Data vs. Information
Data
raw facts
no context
just numbers and
text
Information
data with context
processed data value-added to data
summarized
organized
analyzed
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Data vs. Information
DataA given, or fact; a number, a statement,
or a picture
Represents something in the real world
The raw materials in the production ofinformation
Information
Data that have meaning within a context
Data in relationships
Data after manipulation
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Data vs. Information
Data: 50210
Information:
5/02/10 The date of your final exam.
$52,010 The average starting salary of anaccounting major.
52010 Zip code of state.
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Data vs. Information
Data 6.34
6.45
6.39 6.62
6.57
6.64
6.71
6.82
7.12
7.06
SIRIUS SATELLITE RADIO INC.
$5.80
$6.00
$6.20
$6.40
$6.60
$6.80
$7.00
$7.20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Last 10 Days
Sto
ck
Price
Information
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Data Information Knowledge
Data
Information
Summarizing the data
Averaging the data
Selecting part of the data
Graphing the data
Adding context
Adding value
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Data Information Knowledge
Information
Knowledge
How is the info tied to outcomes?
Are there any patterns in the info?
What info is relevant to the problem?
How does this info effect the system?
What is the best way to use the info?
How can we add more value to the info?
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Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
Information in Context
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Information as A CompetitiveWeapon
Information technology and quality information arenot the goals, but merely to support
organizations to reach
goals of Superior products and services
Greater productivity
Eventually success
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Data, Information,and Systems
Information and Managers
Systems thinking
Creates a framework for problem solvingand decision making.
Keeps managers focused on overall goalsand operations of business.
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Data, Information, and Systems What Is a System?
System: A set of components that work together toachieve a common goal
Subsystem: One part of a system where the productsof more than one system are combined to reach anultimate goal
Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no
contact with other systems
Open system: System that interfaces with othersystems
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Data, Information,and Systems
Generating Information
Computer-based ISs take data as rawmaterial, process it, and produce informationas output.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
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Information Systems
Generic Goal:
Transform Data into Information
At the Core of an Information System is aDatabase (raw data).
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Information Systems
Why Do People Need Information?
Individuals - Entertainment andenlightenment
Businesses - Decision making,problem solving and control
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Data, Information,and Systems
The Benefits
Synergy When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of
the outputs of the same resources employed separately
Allows human thought to be translatedinto efficient processing of large amountsof data
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Data Processing
Recall that a basic system is composed of5 components
Input, Output, Processing, Feedback, Control
Typically processing helps transform datainto information.
Input OutputProcessing
Raw Data Information
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The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered intocomputer.
Data processing: Data is manipulated intoinformation using mathematical, statistical,and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or
presented.
Storage: Data and information aremaintained for later use.
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Processing
Summarizing
Computing Averages
Graphing
Creating Charts
Visualizing Data
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Processing: Great Example
Navigation System Specialized Geographic Information System
Input: Maps, Addresses, Points of Interest,
Yellow Pages Processing:
Computing Shortest Paths; Finding the Nearest Chinese Restaurant
Output: Directions (each turn + a map with arrows) List of nearby Chinese Restaurants (sorted by dist.)
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Analysis Navigation System
Recall that Information Systems have fivemore specific components:
People, Data, Communication Network,Hardware, Software.
In a Navigation System what is the Communication Network?
what is the Hardware?
who are the People?
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Course Goal: Help you analyze systems?
Step 1: Always ask yourselfWhat is the
purpose of the system?
Step 2: Identify People, Data, Hardware,Software, Communication Network.
Step 3: Identify Input, Output, Processing,
Feedback, Control.
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Navigation System Feedback
So what is the feedback in a navigation system?
Feedback is information about how the system
is performing. Feedback can help you identify problems with the
systemso you can improve it.
Feedback helps you determine if the system is
achieving its goal. In a heating system, the feedback was the actual
temperature.
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What is an information system?
An information system is a system thataccepts data resources as input, andprocesses them into information products
as output. Includes four component parts
Input
Processes Output
Feedback
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Intro to Information SystemsConcepts
Raw materials
(Inputs) Manufacturing
Products
Out ut
Control(processes)
Feedback
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Information system model
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Hardware resources ( Machines
and media)
Components of an InformationSystem
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Components of an InformationSystem
Data resources
Databases
Knowledge bases
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Components of an InformationSystem
Software resources
Programs Procedures
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People Resources (End usersand IS specialists)
Components of an InformationSystem
D I f i
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Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.6 Components of an information system
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Transaction Processing Systems
Management
InformationSystems
Decision
SupportSystems
Types of Information Systems
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INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Hardware
Software
Databases
Networks
Other related
components
are used to buildINFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Payroll
System
Inventory
System
Marketing
System
Customer
Service
System
IS Vs IT
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Expanding Roles of IS
1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s
2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s
3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s
4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s
5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
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Classification of ISInformation Systems
Operations
Support System ManagementSupport System
Transactionprocessing
systems
Process control
systems
Officeautomation
systems
Management
information
systems
Decisionsupport
systems
Executiveinformation
systems
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1. Operations support systems process data generated by business
operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information and
support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are
i) Management Information System
ii) Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System
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1. Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
Process business exchanges
Maintain records about the exchanges
Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial
processes.
iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and
enhance office communications and productivity.
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2. Management support systems provide information and support
needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are:
i) Management information systems
Routine information for routine decisions
Operational efficiency
Use transaction data as main input
Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
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ii) Decision Support SystemInteractive support for non-routine decisions or problems End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems
provide critical information tailored to the information needs of
executives
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Other categories
a) Expert systems
b) End user computing systems
c) Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems
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Information Systems Development
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Challenges
1. Workforce downsizing
2. Information overload
3. Employee mistrust
4. Difficult to built
5. Security breaches
pportun t es
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pportun t es
1. Enhanced global competitiveness
2. Capture market opportunities
3. Support corporate strategy
4. Enhance worker productivity
5. Improve quality of goods and services
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2.1 Types of Information Systems
Computer-based information systems (CBIS)use computer technology to perform some orall of their tasks and are composed of: Hardware
Software
A Database
A Network Procedures
People
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Information Systems Inside YourOrganization
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Information Technology Outside YourOrganization
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Application Programs
An application program is a computerprogram designed to support a specific
task, a business process or anotherapplication program.
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Breadth of Support of Information Systems
Functional area information systems
Enterprise resource planning systems
Transaction processing systems Interorganizational information systems
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Information Systems Support forOrganization Employees
Office automation systems
Functional area information systems
Business intelligence systems
Expert Systems
Dashboards
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Why Study IS?
Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource
planning (ERP), database administrator,telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who
know how to use information technology.
Computer Literacy Replacing TraditionalLiteracy Key to full participation in western society