3/1/20161 reformation counter reformation. 3/1/20162 the reformation a challenge to the catholic...

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06/29/22 1 Reformation & Counter Reformation

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3/1/20163 Christian Humanism 1)If people could read the basic of Christianity they would become more pious 2)In order to change society first they must change the people.

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Page 1: 3/1/20161 Reformation  Counter Reformation. 3/1/20162 The Reformation A Challenge to the Catholic Church  1500s

05/08/23 1

Reformation & Counter Reformation

Page 2: 3/1/20161 Reformation  Counter Reformation. 3/1/20162 The Reformation A Challenge to the Catholic Church  1500s

05/08/23 2

The Reformation

A Challenge to the Catholic Church – 1500’s

Page 3: 3/1/20161 Reformation  Counter Reformation. 3/1/20162 The Reformation A Challenge to the Catholic Church  1500s

05/08/23 3

Christian Humanism

1) If people could read the basic of Christianity they would become more pious

2) In order to change society first they must change the people.

Page 4: 3/1/20161 Reformation  Counter Reformation. 3/1/20162 The Reformation A Challenge to the Catholic Church  1500s

05/08/23 4

Erasmus “Lays the egg”

Page 5: 3/1/20161 Reformation  Counter Reformation. 3/1/20162 The Reformation A Challenge to the Catholic Church  1500s

05/08/23 5

Martin Luther and Lutheranism

1) Monk who became upset that the church was selling indulgences

2) Prepared 95 theses against indulgences in 15173) Concluded that faith and not good works or

deeds led to salvation4) These were copied (using the printing press!)

and spread throughout Europe = creation of a new denomination = Lutheranism = beginning of Protestant sects

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05/08/23 6

Protestantism 1) Comes from the word “Protest”

2) Describes Christians who broke away from the Catholic Church and founded churches in protest of Catholic practices

3) These protesters also disagree amongst themselves which is why there are many Protestant denominations today

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Politics in the German Reformation1) Charles V – H.R.E.

Wanted to keep the empire Christian and under the control of his dynasty

2) A number of problems prevented him: Series of wars (20 yrs.) over land w/ France The Turks in the East Internal political problems Many Ger. Princes supported Luther

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05/08/23 8

Luther breaks from the Church1) 1521 Luther was excommunicated

2) Summoned to the Diet of Worms (Put on Trial)

3) Edict of Worms – made Luther an outlaw

4) His works were to be burned

5) He was to be captured

6) Avoided capture thanks to Fredrick of Saxony

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Peace of Augsburg 15551) Ended Religious warfare in Germany

2) Accepted the division of Christianity in Germany

3) Catholic or Lutheran

4) German Rulers were free to determine the religion of their subjects

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05/08/23 10

Zwinglian Reformation1) Ulrich Zwingli – priest in Zurich, Switzerland

2) Introduced reforms

3) Abolished relics & images

4) Tried to unite with Martin Luther

5) Later died in battle

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05/08/23 11

John Calvin and Calvinism1) Studied theology + became interested in

Lutheranism2) Concluded that God already has decided on

the fate of people and world = predestination3) Also believed that congregations, not kings or

bishops, should choose their own leaders for their churches (Theocracy)

4) Puritan and Presbyterian Churches incorporate these concepts and beliefs 

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King Henry VIII

1) Threw out the Catholic Church from England and created his own Church of England. This was later called the Anglican Church.

2) Took power, land and money from Catholic church but changed little in belief system

3) Puritans later leave this church (due to Calvinist ideas) and immigrate to America for religious freedom

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Catherine of Aragonm. 1509 - 1533

Divorced

Anne Boleynm. 1533 - 1536

Executed

Jane Seymourm. 1536 - 1537

Died

Anne of Clevesm. 1540 Jan. - July

Divorced

Kathryn Howardm. 1540 - 1542

Executed

Katherine Parrm. 1543 - 1547

Widowed