31241298 alt practical handout for 2nd year mbbs

8/11/2019 31241298 ALT Practical Handout for 2nd Year MBBS

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ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT)SGPT

ALT is a blood test that determines the level of the enzyme alanine

transaminase (ALT) in the blood often part of an initial screening for liver

disease.

The liver plays several important roles: It stores fuel from food, maes

proteins, and helps remove to!ins from the body. The liver also maes bile, a

"uid that helps in digestion. #roteins called enzymes help the liver build and

brea do$n proteins. ALT (or %T, $hich stands for serum glutamic'pyruvic

transaminase) is one of these enzymes. Its found in particularly large

amounts in the liver and plays an important role in metabolism, the process

that converts food into energy.

ormally, ALT is found inside liver cells. *ut if the liver is in"amed or in+ured,

ALT is released into the bloodstream. easuring blood levels of ALT can give

doctors important information about ho$ $ell the liver is functioning and

$hether a disease, drug, or other problem is a-ecting it.

Why It's Done

The ALT test may be ordered if you are e!periencing symptoms of liver

disease, including +aundice (yello$ish sin or eyes), dar urine, nausea,vomiting, or abdominal pain. It may also be ordered to help diagnose

infections of the liver such as viral hepatitis (ALT levels are high $ith acute

hepatitis) or to monitor patients taing medications that cause liver'related

side e-ects.

The ALT test is often performed as part of a full hepatic function panel that

includes other liver enzyme tests. Looing at ALT levels along $ith those of

other liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (A%T) and alaline

phosphatase (AL#) can give doctors more speci/c information about liver

problems

Preparation & Expectations

What is ino!e" in preparation #or the test$


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&enerally, no preparation is needed for an ALT blood test. Test is performed inblood serum the only information re0uired is the drugs you are taingbecause there are certain drugs that alter the ALT levels.

Res%!ts an" a!%es

What "o the test res%!ts ean$

ormally, ALT levels range from 1 to 23 units per liter (45L). 6levated levels ofALT may indicate one of the follo$ing conditions:

hepatitis, or in"ammation of the liver disease alcoholic liver

cholestasis, or congestion of the bile ducts cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver $ith loss of function death of liver tissue cancer of the liver

noncancerous tumor of the liver use of medicines or drugs to!ic to the liver

Riss

The ALT test is considered a safe procedure. 7o$ever, as $ith many medicaltests, some problems can occur $ith having blood dra$n: fainting or feeling lightheaded

hematoma (blood accumulating under the sin causing a lump or

bruise) pain associated $ith multiple punctures to locate a vein


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SERUM ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE ESTIMATION

PRINCIPLE:

The reaction system is as follows:

GPT

L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate----------------pyruvate + L-glutamate

LDH

Pyruvate + !DH + H+------------------l-lactate + !D+

PROVIDED REAGENTS:

Buffer:T"#$ %uffer solution& pH '() with L-alanine

Substrate:*ials containing 2-oxoglutarate& reuce !DH an LDH

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE:

Provie reagents are reay to use( They may %e use separately or as Monoreagentmixing , parts uffer an . part $u%strate(

SAMPLE:

Co!!e"t#on:/ollect anticoagulate %loo(

A$$#t#%es: 0se concentrate 1DT! anticoagulants or rie %alance

anticoagulants(

Stab#!#t& an$ storage #nstru"t#ons:!LT in serum is sta%le in refrigerator up to

ays without preservatives( Do not free3e(

RE'UIRED MATERIAL (non) *ro%#$e$+:

$pectrophotometer(

4icropipettes an pipettes for measuring the state volumes(

$pectrophotometer cuvettes or Photo colorimeter tu%es(

5atch or timer(

5ater %ath

ASSA, CONDITIONS:

-a%e)!engt.:,6nm


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Rea"t#on te/*erature:2)& 6 or '6/

Rea"t#on t#/e:, min(

Sa/*!e %o!u/e:.66 7l(

$ample an reagent volumes may %e proportionally change without altering thecorresponing calculation factors(

PROCEDURE:

MONOREAGENT TEC0NI'UE:

#n a cuvette at 6-'6/& place:

Monoreagent .(6ml

Preincu%ate for a few minutes& an then a:

Sa/*!e .66 7l

4ix immeiately an simultaneously start stop watch( !fter 86 secons recor initial

a%sor%ance an then at .& 2 an minutes after the first reaing( Determine average

change in a%sor%ance9min ;!9min !.< + !, >!

31241298 alt practical handout for 2nd year mbbs

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