3158 teja2
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</ CI@KOKFKÖO7 fhogyosh ci ibidioshv fhovsuyfskphv |yi fhovsksy{ioib fiuuldkiosh vyqiukhu ci yo ick`kfkh { |yi bh quhsini ci blvlffkhoiv ci lniosiv i}siuohv" nluloskwloch bl kdqiudilekbkclc { ibfho`hus sëudkfh { lf÷vskfh/ /
$ Vinyukclc7 Ivslekbkclc" vinyukclcci yvh { Uivkvsiofkl lb `yinh -OEI$LI(==" OEI FQK(;<+
$Ivslo|yikclc lb lnyl" pkiosh {okipi/
$ Lkvblu sëudkfldiosi -OEI$FS(==+
$Qhvkekbkslu bl lsioylfköo lf÷vskfl-OEI FL(=5+$ H`uifiu vinyukclc losi blquhqlnlfköo ci kofiockhv
$ Lvinyulu bl cyulekbkclc {fhdqlskekbkclc ci bhv dlsiuklbiv
Qlul ibbh vi bi i}knio yolv Fylbkclciv fhofuislv7
Quhsiffköo`uiosi lb `yinh
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OHUDLSKPL OEIOHUDLSKPL OEI$$\E;1\E;1Ivsl ohudlskpl skioi qhu hegish ivslebifiu fhockfkhoiv i}knkebiv l
blv fyekiuslv ci bhv ick`kfkhv { ci blv fhovsuyffkhoiv |yi vi uilbkfio fhodlsiuklbiv kdqiudilekbkwlosiv eksydkohvhv /
Lqbkflfköo ci bl OhudlQuh{ifshv fho fyekiuslv ci dlsiuklbiv eksydkohvhv/$@leukflosiv { ckvsukeykchuiv$Dlosiokdkiosh { fhoviuplfköo /
Ui|ykvkshv l fydqbku qhu bl fyekiuslIvslekbkclc { uivkvsiofkl difìokfl/ - OEI$LI+
$Vinyukclc io flvh ci kofiockh/ -OEI$FQK$;0+$Vlbyeukclc - quhsiffköo fhosul lniosiv fbkdìskfhv +$Vinyukclc ci yvh/$Quhsiffköo fhosul uykchv/ - OEI$FL+
$Lmhuuh ci ioiunäl { quhsiffköo sëudkfl /
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Qlul ibbh" eìvkfldiosi ibvkvsidl ciei ivslu `hudlchqhu7$Yol ivsuyfsyul qhuslosi$Yol `hudlfköo ci bl qiockiosi$Ib lkvblosi sëudkfh -{ lf÷vskfhio vy flvh+
$Yo dlsiuklb ci fheiusyulkdqiudilebi$Yo vyevkvsidl ci iplfylfköoci lnylv/
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Skqhbhnäl7$Ib civluuhbbh ci oyiphv dlsiuklbiv { quhcyfshvkdqiudilekbkwlosiv mlo dybskqbkflch blv qhvkekbkclciv ci uilbkwlu blfyekiusl |yi vi civii" i}kvskockioch d÷bskqbiv skqhv/ Oh hevslosiio ib lvqifsh fhovsuyfskph iv kdqhuslosi sioiu io fyiosl vy ckviüh{ vy qhvsiukhu dlosiokdkiosh
$ Vy `hudl { ivsuyfsyul pkioicisiudkolcl qhu bl ckvqhvkfköo
{ qiockiosi" |yi i}kni flcldlsiuklb ci fheiusyul/
$Io ivsi vioskch yol qukdiulfblvk`kflfköo ci blv fyekiuslvqyici mlfiuvi io `yofköo civy qiockiosi -L+/$ Qhu hsuh blch flcl fbkdli}kni l blv fyekiuslv dl{hu hdiohv leuknh qlul bhvivqlfkhv |yi quhsinio -E+
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L+/ Io `yofköo ci vy qiockiosi7
</Kofbkolclv h SIGLCHV7 fhoyoh h dìv `lbchoiv/ Dìv ci <9·
5/Qblolv h LWHSILV7 qiockiosiiosui 1· { 9·
6/Fyuplv7 eöpiclv { f÷qyblv<
65
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$ Fyekiuslv pioskblclv
Uipivskdkiosh kosiukhu
Lkvbldkiosh sëudkfh
Vlbkcl ci lkui qhu bl fydeuiul
Kdqiudilekbkwlfköo civinyukclc
Pioskblfköo elgh bl sigl
Iosulcl ci lkui qhu ib lbiuh
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/ SKQHBHNÄL7 -qlul vy ivsyckh+7
Qivlchv7 $Siglv fiuìdkflv h ci mhudknöo$Siglv ci qkwluul
Bkniuhv7 $ @keuhfidiosh$ Fmlqlv disìbkflv$ Vkosëskflv
SIGLCHV7
Pioskblclv -sulovkslebiv { oh sulovkslebiv+
Oh pioskblclv -sulovkslebiv { oh sulovkslebiv+Ivqifklbiv $ Kopiuskclv$ Lgluckolclv
LWHSILV7
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Kofbkolfköo uifhdioclebi qlul bhv`lbchoiv qhu iofkdl ci bhv 56·/
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5/ IBIDIOSHV \YI FHO@KNYULO YO SIGLCH
</ @lbcöo/5/ Bkdl6/ Bkdlsivl3/ Bkdlmh{l9/ Flelbbisi0/ Oych>/ Bäoil ci |ykieuh=/ Fhbl ci plfl;/ Lbiuh<1/Ivqknl h uidlsi<</Ehuciv blsiulbiv<5/Qish<6/Vlbkiosi
<3/Nlsiul<9/Suldql ci lffivh<0/Pkcukiul<>/Sulnlbyw<=/Fmkdioil<;/Uielel51/Vhdeuiuisi5</Eleiuh
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$Ivsuyfsyul qhuslosi { ci `hudlfköo ci qiockiosi
Bl `hudlfköo ciqiockiosi viqyici hesioiu fho yolivsuyfsyulkofbkolcllyshqhuslosi-fiufmlv+h l qlusku ci yo`huglch" io ib|yi vi lqh{i blvye$ivsuyfsyulkofbkolcl/
Blv fiufmlv vyibio viu blelvi ivsuyfsyulb ci blvfyekiuslv bkniulv" dkiosulv
|yi bhv siglchv fho sigl hqivlch" vi hunlokwlo l qlusku ci vyeivsuyfsyulv lqh{lclvio ib ÷bskdh `huglch/
@hudlfköo ciqiockiosi fho
slek|yiv‒qlbhdiuhv—/
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$Ivsuyfsyul qhuslosi { ci `hudlfköo ci qiockiosi
Bhv siglchv fhofìdlul ci lkuioh vho dy{yvylbiv iooyivsulnihnul`äl" ohhevslosi vhovkvsidlv ci `ìfkbigifyfköo {eyiouiockdkiosh/
Io bl kdlnio vilquifkl ib quhfivh ciigifyfköo ci yolfyekiusl vheuifiufmlv ci dlciul {ioulvsuiblch ciqiu`kbiv bkniuhv/
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5f/ Vhbyfköo ci bhvl ivsuyfsyulb qlul `huglch kofbkolch cifyekiusl/
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</$ Ivslo|yikclc lb lnyl
Bl nlulosäl cib ë}ksh uivkci io blyskbkwlfköo ci dlsiuklbiv fho yoelgh fhi`kfkiosi ci levhufköo ciblnyl { io bl `hudlfköo ci qkiwlv
cib dl{hu sldlüh qhvkebi"uicyfkioch lvä ib o÷diuh ci gyoslv { ib ukivnh ci `kbsulfköo
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SKQHV CI SIGLV SKQHV CI SIGLV
Sigl fyupl
Sigl qblol
Sigl dk}sl
Qkiwlv qhu d 57 51 l 59Qiockiosi ci yvh7 <9 l 59 nulchv-50) l 30)
Qkiwlv qhu d 57 <1 l <3
Qiockiosi ci yvh <3 l 50"9nulchv -59) l 91) ciqiockiosi+
Vyqiuloch ivsl qiockiosi" blsigl ciei ku oifivlukldiosifblplcl/
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Vhqhusiv { Dlsiuklb ci `kglfköo
$Ib dëshch sulckfkholb iv fho qibblclv ci dhusiuh -<70 h <7>+/-Bhv dhusiuhv ukfhv qyicio uhdqiu blv siglv io bl ckblslfköo+/
$Qlul fyekiuslv dy{ kofbkolclv vi idqbilo fblphv { shuokbbhv
lyshslblculosiv
$ Sldekëo qyicio idqibluvi7 ivqydlv" vkbkfholv" lcmivkphv" isf/ Ml{|yi vinyku blv kovsuyffkhoiv cib `leukflosi/
Qlul sigl fiuìdkfl$Vk ib vhqhusi iv dlsiuklb fiuìdkfh"qyicio qinluvi ckuifsldiosi"
lyo|yi iv uifhdioclebi fuilu yolflql ci dhusiuh ci vyqiu`kfki qblol/
$Bhv fhuchoiv ci dhusiuhcieioqiudksku ib lqh{h yok`hudi ci blvsiglv/
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Vhqhusiv { Dlsiuklb ci `kglfköo -fhos/+
Qlul siglv dk}slv$Qyici idqbiluvi yo vhqhusiqui`leukflch
$Sldekëo vi qyicio idqbiluulvsuibiv disìbkfhv h ci dlciul
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LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPH CIYOL FYEKIUSL CI SIGLV7
Io qukdiu bynlu ml{ |yi fhdquhelu |yi ib `lbcöo ui÷oi blv fhockfkhoiv lcifylclv/Bl Ohudl OSI$\SS cl hukioslfkhoiv vheui bl kofbkolfköo/
Bhv siglchv ci siglv qyicio fhovsuykuvi fho kofbkolfkhoiv iosui <9 { 01 nulchv -fhuuivqhocio lquh}kdlcldiosi l qiockiosiv ci 5> { <>9)+/
LFHQKH CI DLSIUKLBIV7Blv siglv vi vydkokvsuloidql|yislclv" nioiulbdiosi ioqlbisv qblvsk`kflchv" fho qivh iosui911 { <511 jn/ Vi fhbhflo vheuivyqiu`kfkiv mhukwhoslbiv" `kudiv {
bkdqklv" { oh vyqiuloch yo dì}kdh cichv lbsyulv/Vi vyeio l bl fyekiusl fyloch {l mlvkch uilbkwlcl bl `hudlfköo ciqiockiosi { vi ckvsukey{io io nuyqhvci 0 l <1 qkiwlv/
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Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci siglQuhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl
5/ Uiqblosih7Vi ciei cisiudkolu blbäoil ci dì}kdlqiockiosi cib `lbcöo"
|yi kockfluì blsul{ifshukl cib lnylcivci bl fydeuiulmlvsl ib lbiuh"yskbkwloch yo okpib fho
ib |yi vi cisiudkol blmhukwhoslb" vkioch vyqiuqiockfyblu vheui ib`lbcöo bl bäoil cidì}kdl qiockiosi/
Ivsl bäoil viuìdluflcl yskbkwloch yolqbhdlcl sulwlchul hfhsl ci dluflu/
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Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/
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Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/
FHBHFLFKÖO CIB LKVBLDKIOSH/Ib lkvbldkiosh sëudkfh cieiuì fhbhfluvi vheui ib `huglch" iosui bhvslek|yiv fhoigiuhv/ Qlul ibbh qyicio idqbiluvi lkvblosiv skqh dlosl hqhbkyuisloh quh{ifslch vheui ib quhqkh `huglch/Ib quhfivh ci igifyfköo ci bl fyekiusl" qhvsiukhu l bl fhbhflfköo cib
lkvbldkiosh" ui|ykiui ci yol quhsiffköo cib dkvdh -wholv ci qlvh {lfhqkh ci dlsiuklb+/
‥Kdqhuslosi7 Losiv ci bl fhbhflfköo ci blv siglv" vi cieiuìo quipiu blvpioskblfkhoiv ci bl whol ci vhqhusi uilbkwlcl fho slek|yiv fhoigiuhv/
Q hfi h fh f k h i l f ki l i i l/Q hfi h fh f k h i l f ki l i i l/
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Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/5/ Fhbhflfköo ci ‒ulvkbbhoiv— qlul `hudlu ib `lbcöo/
Yol piw siudkolchv bhv slek|yiv fhoigiuhv vi fhbhfluìo bhv ‒ulvkbbhoiv—"|yi plo ‒dlfmk$ideulchv—" shdlchv fho dhusiuh <70/Vheui ivshv vi fhbhfluì yol flql ci dhusiuh ci iosui 6 { 3 fd/ Ci
ivqivhu/
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5/ Fhbhflfköo ci‒ulvkbbhoiv— qlul
`hudlu ib `lbcöo/
5 / H l lb i l k l l l fh `h dl ib ib `lb ö /
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5e/ Hsulv lbsiuolskplv qlul fho hudlu ib ib lbcöo/
‥Io hflvkhoiv qyici viu dìv fhopiokiosi `hudlu ib `lbcöo l qlusku ciibidioshv ivsuyfsyulbiv/ Io blv `hshv" vi lquifkl bl vhbyfköo ibinkcl mlvkch ib vkvsidl ci `huglch yokckuiffkholb lqh{lch vheui qluiciv ci flunl/Blv pknyislv qyicio bbiplu bl ckuiffköo ci bl dì}kdl qiockiosi h ku qiuqiockfyblu l ivsl/
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LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPH
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CI FYEKIUSLV KOFBKOLCLV6/ FHBHFLFKÖO CI SIGL FIUÌDKFL DK]SL7
Io ib flvh ci blv siglv dk}slv mleuì |yi fhdquhelu vk quifkvl qkiwlv ivqifkblbivci uidlsi blsiulb/
Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/
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6/ Fhbhflfköo ci blv siglv7
y p y y gy p y y g
Fyloch bl qiockiosi iv diohu cib 59) h vi |ykiui nluloskwlu blkdqiudilekbkwlfköo" qyici fhbhfluvi yol bìdkol ci skqh lv`ìbskfh hkdquinolu ib `lbcöo fho yol qkosyul h}klv`ìbskfl/ Io ivsi flvh iv oifivlukhckvqhoiu vheui ib `lbcöo yol flql `kol -5 fd+ ci dhusiuh vheui bl fylb viplo fhbhfloch blv siglv/
Qhvsiukhudiosi lb uiqblosih" blv siglvvi ckvsukeykuìo vheui bl fyekiusl ionuyqhv ci 0$<1 yokclciv" hesiokiochci ivsi dhch yo uiqlush ulfkholb cibl flunl { `lfkbksloch bl blehu cibhqiulukh/
Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/
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6/ Fhbhflfköo ci blv siglv -fhos/+7
Qukdiuh vi fhbhflo blv siglv |yi fho`knyulo ib lbiuh/
Vk vi sulsl ci siglvfyuplv" io bl qukdiulmkblcl vi fhbhfluìo blvflolbiv -qlusi dìvlofml mlfkl blfydeuiul+ { byinh vifhbhflo blv fhekglvvheui chv flolbivfhosknylv -qlusi dìv
lofml mlfkl ib lbiuh+
Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/
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6/ Fhbhflfköo ci blv siglv -fhos/+7
Vk blv siglv sypkivio vhblqi blsiulb" cieio |yiclu ioflglclv yolv fho hsulvvknykioch ib hucio vin÷o ivsi ioflgi/
L fhoskoylfköo vifhbhflo blv mkblclvvyqiukhuiv" vkidquivyekioch civci ib
lbiuh mlvsl blfydeuiul" { ioflglochib vhblqi sulovpiuvlb|yi qhvilo/
Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/Quhfivh fhovsuyfskph ci yol fyekiusl ci sigl/
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6/ Fhbhflfköo ci blv siglv -fhos/+7
Ciei yskbkwluvi dhusiuh elvsluch h qhfh uänkch -Chvk`kflfköo <7=+
Sigl ci mhudknöo dk}slSigl fiuìdkfl fyupl
Iv mleksylb |yi io bl igifyfköo ci bl fyekiusl vil oifivlukh fhuslu lbnyol
qkiwl" ekio qlul lclqsluvi lb uiqblosih h qlul uivhbpiu bhv qyoshvvkonybluiv/ Ivsl hqiulfköo vi uilbkwluì vkidqui fho dì|ykol/
KOSIUVIFFKÖO CI BL @HUDLFKÖO CI QIOCKIOSI CI FYEKIUSLFHO IB PHBLCKWH CIB @HUGLCH/
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FHO IB PHBLCKWH CIB @HUGLCH/
‥Iv kdqhuslosi" fykclu blv iosuinlv{ eyvflu vhbyfkhoiv fhovsuyfskplvfhuuifslv" |yi oh kdqbk|yiosulelghv qhvsiukhuiv ci uidlsi/ Bl
vhbyfköo lchqslcl io ivsi flvh" ohvkioch kofhuuifsl" kdqbkfl yohvsulelghv ci ‒uidlsi— -uiph|yi cibflosh cib `huglch i kosiuviffköo ci
vhbiul+ |yi" hebknl l sulelglu fhodickhv fhdqbighv io fylosh l vyuivybslch/ Lvä ui|ykiui" yohvdickhv ly}kbkluiv ivqifä`kfhv-locldklgi io `lfmlcl civqblwlchcib phblckwh+" bl yskbkwlfköo cisëfokflv fhovsuyfskplv quhqiovlv lciukplu io qlshbhnälv -uiph|yivheui mhudknöo io whol m÷dicl+" {
ciei quipiu ib sëfokfh bl ck`kfybslcci lffivh qlul yo qhvsiukhu dlosiokdkiosh -fhvsi+/
KOSIUVIFFKÖO CI BL @HUDLFKÖO CI QIOCKIOSI CI FYEKIUSLFHO IB PHBLCKWH CIB @HUGLCH/
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FHO IB PHBLCKWH CIB @HUGLCH/
Bl igifyfköo cib lbiuh iv vkdkblu lb flvh io |yi oh bbipi flolböo" qiuh io ivsiflvh ml{ |yi sioiu quiviosi |yi quipkh l bl fhbhflfköo ci blv siglv cib lbiuh
cieio cigluvi fhbhflclv blv leulwlciulv" l yol ckvslofkl dickl ci 9 d/Bl qiockiosi vyibi viu cib <)/
Bl sigl ciei phblu vheui bl bäoil cib lbiuh cib `lbcöo" qiuh nluloskwloch ibfhuuifsh piuskch cib lnyl lb flolböo/
VHBYFKÖO FHO FLOLBÖO HFYBSH
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Io ivsl flvh ml{ |yi sioiu quiviosi |yi ivsluì vksylch iosui chv mkblclv
mhukwhoslbiv/Io qukdiu bynlu ml{ |yi ckdiovkholu lcifylcldiosi ib flolböo -qiockiosi <)+/Qhu bh nioiulb vho oifivluklv suiv mkblclv mhukwhoslbiv ci siglv" mlvsl bbinlu lbflolböo/
Qlul ipkslu bl ko`kbsulfköo ci lnyl iv fhopiokiosi ib idqbih ci dlsiuklbkd iudilebi io ib vhbl i fho blv si lv/
LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPHCI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCL
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CI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCLFHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
‥Io ivsi flvh" fhdhml{ lbiuh ci siglv" l blpiw |yi vi uilbkwlo bhv
slek|yiv ci `hudlfköoci qiockiosiv -61)+"vi quhfici l fhovsuyku ib quiskb choci vihfybsluì ib flolb cifyekiusl -ci 61 fd ciivqivhu+" {fhdqyivsh qhu fkslulci heul fiuìdkfl
pkvsl" io `lfmlcl { yodyuisi ci <9 fd cimhudknöo ludlch" |yivi ioblwl fho bjlivsuyfsyul cib `huglch"lb kosiukhu//
LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPHCI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCL
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CI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCLFHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
‥L fhoskoylfköo viquhfici" l blfho`hudlfköo ci bl
flolb qiukdisulb ciuifhnkcl ci lnylv cibl fyekiusl/‥Fhdh vi heviupl" iobl `hsh" ivsì biploslclyohv 61 fd vheui ibokpib cib `huglch/ Ibbhqiudksi civqblwlu bhvcivlnòiv mlfkl ibkosiukhu cib ick`kfkh {uifhniu blv lnylv ci blfyekiusl qblol cibflvisöo ci flgl ci
ivflbiul { lvfiovhu/
LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPHCI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCL
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CI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCLFHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
‥Fho`hudlcl bl flolb ci uifhnkcl ci lnylv qiukdisulb" vi quhfici lfhofbyku bl `hudlfköo ci qiockiosi/ Io ivsi flvh ib vkvsidl fhovsuyfskphyskbkwlch iv ib ci slek|yiv fhoigiuhv -ci >" <1 { <9 fd" vin÷o lbsyul {bhonksyc+ { `hudlfköo ci qiockiosi fho ulvkbbhoiv dlfmkmideulchv -iofhsl ci 9 fd dìv lbsl |yi ib `huglch qlul qiudksku ib lkvbldkiosh fhoqblflv uänkclv h dlosl" |yi vi fhbhfluì vheui ib `huglch { iosui bhvslek|yiv/
LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPHCI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCL
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CI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCLFHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
‥L bl piw |yi vi fhovsuy{i bl `hudlfköo ci qiockiosi cieio vhbyfkholuvi bhvqyoshv vkonybluiv ci iofyiosuh fho fmkdioilv { myifhv ci pioskblfköo
‥Vi siocuì ivqifklb fykclch io bl kosiuviffköo ci ibidioshv fhovsuyfskphv
fho blv qiockiosiv ci fyekiusl/ Lvä" blv fmkdioilv { qluiciv qiukdisulbiv|yi bl vheuiqlvio" cieiuìo ivslu uisulo|yilclv io vy qlusi ko`iukhu qlulqiudksku yo fhuuifsh vhblqi ci bl kdqiudilekbkwlfköo h vkvsidl ci vibblch/
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LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPHCI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCL
FHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
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FHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
‥L fhoskoylfköo vi quhficiuì l bl kdqiudilekbkwlfköo ci7 bl flolb qiukdisulb-sibl lyshquhsinkcl fho idynulpl$skqh qkwluul+/‥Sldekëo iv fhopiokiosi vibblu bhv iofyiosuhv ci bl fyekiusl fhoqluldioshv piuskflbiv fhdh bhv cib flvskbbisi ci bl ivflbiul { lvfiovhu blvkosiuviffkhoiv ci blv wholv ci vhqhusi ci slek|yiv fho ivsuyfsyul/
LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPHCI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCLFHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
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FHO SIGL FIUÌDKFL FYUPL [ FLOLBÖO HFYBSH/
LOÌBKVKV CIB QUHFIVH FHOVSUYFSKPHCI YOL FYEKIUSL KOFBKOLCL
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Qyoshv vkonybluiv {cislbbiv fhovsuyfskphv
Lbiuh { ehuci ci `lbcöo
@hsh 31
Ehuci ci `lbcöo
VIFFKÖO SKQH VKO FLOLB CI UIFHNKCL CI LNYLV/@lfmlcl fiuìdkfl l flul pkvsl/
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@ p
Slek|yi fhoigiuh
Ulvkbböo dlfmkideulch
Mkblcl fiuìdkfl
DhusiuhWyofmh io lbiuh
DlbblwhSigl fyupl
Nhsiuöo
IdeluulchLkvblosi sëudkfh
Slek|yi fiuìdkfh
Nyluoifkch ci {ivh
Lkvblosi sëudkfh
Oinlskph@huglch
Elocl lkvblosiSiockch ci {ivh
VIFFKÖO SKQH FHO FLOLB CI UIFHNKCL CI LNYLV/@lfmlcl ci fiuìdkfl l flul pkvsl /
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Lkvblosi sëudkfhOinlskph
@huglch
Elocl lkvblosiSiockch ci {ivh
Slek|yi fhoigiuh
Ulvkbböo dlfmkideulchMkblcl fiuìdkfl
DhusiuhWyofmh io lbiuh
DlbblwhSigl fyupl
Nhsiuöo
IdeluulchLkvblosi sëudkfh
Slek|yi fiuìdkfh
Nyluoifkch ci {ivh
Vluckoib
p
VIFFKHOIV SKQH FHO FLOLB CI UIFHNKCL CI LNYLV HFYBSH/
Si l f lBìdkol kdqiudilebi
Dlfmkideulch
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Slek|yi fhoigiuhLkvblosi sëudkfh
@huglch
Elocl lkvblosi
Siockch ci {ivh
Fkslul
IdeluulchLkvblosi sëudkfh
Slek|yi fiuìdkfh
Nyluoifkch ci {ivh
Wyofmh
Sigl fyuplBlcukbbh myifh chebi
Fmlql nlbplokwlcl
Qluic ci mhudknöo
Flolb ci fmlql
DlfmkideulchDhusiuh
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@huglch
Siockch {ivhLqblflch ci qkicul
Lkvbldkiosh sëudkfh
Slek|yi fhoigiuhSigl fyupl
Flolb ci fkof
Qyoshv vkonybluiv { cislbbiv fhovsuyfskphv
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Vhbyfköo cib iofyiosuh fho byfiuolukh
Qyoshv vkonybluiv { cislbbiv fhovsuyfskphvVhbyfköo cib iofyiosuh fho fhocyfsh piuskflb
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Vhbyfköo cib iofyiosuh fho fhocyfsh piuskflb
Kdqiudilekbkwlfköo fho bìdkolvlv`ìbskflv ci fyekiuslv kofbkolclv
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Blv fyekiuslv ci siglv oh quifkvlo kdqiudilekbkwlfköo/ Oh hevslosi" fylochib ivqlfkh elgh bl fyekiusl iv mleslebi" vyibi idqbiluvi ib uifyuvh cifhbhflu yol bìdkol lv`ìskfl" nioiulbdiosi ci eis÷o dhck`kflch { vk blbìdkol uifkei ckuifsldiosi blv siglv ciei sioiu yo lflelch dkoiulb/
VHBYFKHOIV CI FYEKIUSL KOPIUSKCL
</ @huglch
5/ Kdqukdlfkh
o6/ Bìdkol
3/ Lkvblosisëudkfhuhsyulchvyhqiukhu
9/ Siglshdlcl fho
dhusiuh Uidlsi blsiulb
Viffköo cib `lbcöo
Kdqiudilekbkwlfköo fho bìdkolvlv`ìbskflv ci fyekiuslv kofbkolclv
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Bl kdqiudilekbkwlfköo cieiuì ku lcmiukcl lb vhqhusi
Ib lvkbldkoish ciei |yiclu lvä dkvdh `kglch h lcmiukch l bl quhqkl bìdkol"qhu bh |yi ciei ‒iodlufluvi— ib qiuädisuh ci bl fyekiusl qlul ipkslu ibi`ifsh civbkwldkiosh/
Bl sigl kuì ldhusiulcl io qibblclv/
VHBYFKHOIV CI FYEKIUSL KOPIUSKCL
</ @huglch
5/ Kdqukdlfkho
6/ Bìdkol
3/ Lkvblosisëudkfhuhsyulch
vyhqiukhu9/ Sigl shdlcl
fho dhusiuh
Fydeuiul$bkdlsivlCislbbi ci lbiuh
Kdqiudilekbkwlfköo fho bìdkolvlv`ìbskflv ci fyekiuslv kofbkolclv
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VHBYFKHOIV CI FYEKIUSL FHOPIOFKHOLB
Io ivsi flvh ib lkvbldkiosh sëudkfh ciei |yiclu `kglch qhu bl qlusi ko`iukhucib `huglch/
</ Lkvblosisëudkfhlofblch lb`huglch
5/ @huglch
6/ Kdqukdlfköo
3/ Bìdkol9/ Sigl shdlcl
fho dhusiuh
Fydeuiul
Viffköo cib `lbcöo
Kdqiudilekbkwlfköo fho bìdkolvlv`ìbskflv ci fyekiuslv kofbkolclv
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VHBYFKHOIV IO FYEKIUSL PIOSKBLCL
Oh iv yol vhbyfköo `uifiyiosi lyo|yi qyici viu ÷skb io wholv m÷diclv/
Io ivsi flvh ib lkvbldkiosh sëudkfh kuì fhbhflch io bl fìdlul" vheui ib`huglch
</ @hudlfköo ciqiockiosi
5/ Flql ciuinyblukwlfköo
6/ Kdqukdlfköo
3/ Bìdkol9/ Sigl shdlcl
fho dhusiuh
Viffköo cib `lbcöo Fydeuiul
Fyekiuslv skqh ‒Sifsyd—
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Fho ivsi ohdeui vi fhohfio yoskqh ci fyekiuslv elgh bl qlsiosi
ci ‒yulbksl— |yi yskbkwlo fhdhvhqhusi { fhdh `hudlfköo ciqiockiosi qiu`kbiv ci lbilfkhoivbkniulv/
Qyicio viu fhovkciulclv fhdhfyekiuslv bkniulv
@hudlfköo ci qiockiosi
Fyekiuslv skqh ‒Sifsyd—
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Lyo|yi ivsìo qiovlclv qlulvy siudkolfköo io siglsulckfkholb" kofby{iock`iuiosiv flqlv" lbnyolv ciibblv kdqiudilebiv/
Qyici viu fyekiuslvpioskblclv { lqhuslolkvbldkiosh sëudkfh qlulmlfiu mlekslebi ib ivqlfkhelgh bhv `lbchoiv/
Fyekiuslv skqh ‒Sifsyd—
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Fyekiuslv skqh ‒Sifsyd—
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Qlul nulo byw iv fhopiokiosilqh{lu bl ivsuyfsyul io yo`huglch/ [l |yi bhv qiu`kbivbkniuhv quifkvluälo ci eluulv
cklnholbiv uknkckwlchulv" bh |yioh viuìk ifhoödkfh qlul ivsivkvsidl/
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Bhv nulociv dhpkdkioshv sëudkfhv |yii}qiukdiosl yol fyekiusl io oyivsulnihnul`äl" i}knio |yi bhv vibblchv ci gyoslvi uilbkfio fho dhusiuh ibìvskfhv qlul ipkslbl uhsyul ci bl qkiwl -ckblslfköo" fhosulffköofmh|yi sëudkfh///+/ Vko idelunh lbnyohvdlsiuklbiv h qhu flyvl ci blv qiockiosiv"blv qkiwlv cieio yskbkwlu hsuh vkvsidl civhqhusi/
Fhusi qlul
`hudlu bkdlv
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Lbiuh ui`huwlch
Qkiwl ci fydeuiul
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Blv fyekiuslv mlo
iphbyfkholch io yolckvdkoyfköo cib qivh nulfklv lbl kopivsknlfköo io oyiphvdlsiuklbiv ci fhovsuyffköo" bhfylb quhphfl |yi sionldhv
|yi shdlu dìv fhofkiofkl ciblv lffkhoiv cib pkiosh" okipi"isf/
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‒qkwluulv—Vkosëskflv/
DLOSIOKDKIOSH [FHOVIUPLFKÖO CI BLV FYEKIUSLV
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pkvkslv qiuköckflv ci kovqiffköo {dlosiokdkiosh ci bl fyekiusl lbdiohv yol piw lb lüh" uilbkwlochblv hqiulfkhoiv vknykiosiv
l+ ibkdkolfköo ci fylb|ykiu skqh ci pinislfköo { ci bhv dlsiuklbivlfydyblchv qhu ib pkioshe+ uiskulcl qiuköckfl ci bhv vickdioshv |yi qyiclo `hudluvi io bl
fyekiusl qhu uisiofkhoiv hflvkholbiv ci lnyl
f+ ibkdkolfköo ci bl vyfkiclc |yi hevsuy{l bhv myifhv ci pioskblfköo ci blfyekiuslc+ fhoviuplfköo io eyio ivslch ci bhv ibidioshv ci lbelükbiuäl
uiblfkholchv fho ib vkvsidl ci ivslo|ykclc" slbiv fhoh lbiuhv" qishv"isf/i+ dlosiokdkiosh ci bl quhsiffköo ci bl fyekiusl io blv fhockfkhoivlcifylclv
`+ io blv fyekiuslv vko quhsiffköo qivlcl" fhdquhelfköo ci bl `kglfköo cibl kdqiudilekbkwlfköo lb vhqhusi { uiqlulfköo ci bhv ci`ifshvheviuplchv/
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Sifsöokfl o· 0 LSF Ickfkhoiv V/B /Sifsöokfl o· = LSF Ickfkhoiv V/B/
Fhovsuyffköo
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L/5/FHDIOSLUKHV PLUKHV/‥Io blv `hshv 53 l 5>" vi qyici heviuplu bl fho`hudlfköo ci yo vhqhusi cif ki l l f l h l l " fh `h dl h fh l k| i fh i i h { hbi l i
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fyekiusl l fylsuh lnylv" fho`hudlch fho slek|yiv fhoigiuhv { vhbiul cidlfmkmideulch/ Qiudkskioch ib lffivh" dicklosi yo qlvkbbh iosuislek|yiv" io bl whol fhblsiulb lb fluloi/
@hsh 53
@hsh 59
@hsh 50
@hsh 5>
5/$ Ivslo|yikclc lb pkiosh
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Bhv nulocivdhpkdkioshv sëudkfhv|yi i}qiukdiosl yolfyekiusl i}knio |yi bhvvibblchv ci gyosl vi
uilbkfio fho dhusiuhibìvskfhv qlul ipkslu bluhsyul ci bl qkiwl-ckblslfköo" fhosulffköo"fmh|yi sëudkfh///+