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Code No: 2320103 III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009

BASIC STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN AND DRAWING

(Civil Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks 80

Answer any ONE question from Part-A

And any THREE questions from Part-B

Note: Assume suitable data whenever necessary

Use of IS codes and structural tables is permitted

************

Part-A ( Marks : 32)

1. Design a compression member of two channels toe-to-toe. The length of the

compression member is 8m. It carries a load of 1000 kN. The width over the backs

of channels is 400mm. The channels are connected by battens. Draw

a) Sectional elevation of the column

b) Cross section of the column

2. A plate girder having an effective span 12.20m is required to carry a uniformly

distributed load of 90kN/m inclusive of its own weight, ends being simply supported.

Compression flange has got adequate lateral support.

Design the plate girder and draw:

a) An elevation showing the plate girder with details.

b) A plan of the flange showing curtailment of flange plates.

c) A cross- section showing details of the make-up.

Part-B (Marks : 16x3=48)

3. A welded bracket connecting a plate to a column flange is shown in the figure 3

Design the welded connection [16]

Figure 3

Set-1

Code No: 2320103

4. a) Explain about the shear and bearing stresses in the design of beams

b) For a simply supported beam ISMB 500 @ 0.869 kN/m , the effective length of

compression flange is 6m. Determine the safe uniformly distributed load per meter

length which can be placed over the beam having an effective span of 6m. Adopt

maximum permissible stresses as per I.S. code. The ends of the beam are restrained

against rotation at the bearings [7+9]

5. Design a gusseted slab base for a column ISHB 350 that carries an axial load of 1500

kN. The permissible bearing pressure on concrete is 4 N/mm2 and Safe bearing

capacity of soil is 200 kN/m2

[16]

6. A communication tower of 80m height is proposed to be built over hill top of height

520m with a gradient of 1 in 5. The horizontal approach distance is 2.8 km from the

level ground. The tower is proposed at Abu mount. Determine the design wind

pressure. [16]

7. A welded plate girder has a uniform section as shown in figure 7. The plate girder

carries a uniformly distributed load of 40 kN/m over entire span of 25 m. the girder is

simply supported at both the ends. Design the welded connection between flanges and

web plate. [16]

Figure 7

Set-1



(Civil Engineering)






************

Part-A (Marks: 32)

1. Design a compression member of two channels toe-to-toe. The length of the

compression member is 10m and carries a load of 1500 kN. The width over the backs

of channels is 400mm. The channels are connected by battens.

a) Sectional elevation of the column.

b) Cross section of the column.

2. A deck type welded plate girder of a railway bridge is to be constructed. The

following data is available.

Effective span = 20 m

c/c distance between plate girders = 2m

Lateral load = 9000 N/m

Design BM for each plate girder = 4000 kN/m

Design SF for each plate girder = 880 kN

Design the plate girder and show the cross section and longitudinal elevation.

Part-B (Marks: 16x3=48)

3. a) With neat sketches explain different types of welds?

b) Calculate the size of weld required for the welded bracket as shown in the figure-3b

[8+8]

Figure-3b

Set-2

Code No: 2320103

4.a) Explain about the shear and bearing stresses in the design of beams

b) For a simply supported beam ISMB 500 @ 0.869 kN/m , the effective length of

compression flange is 6m. Determine the safe uniformly distributed load per meter

length which can be placed over the beam having an effective span of 6m. Adopt

maximum permissible stresses as per I.S. code. The ends of the beam are restrained

against rotation at the bearings. [7+9]

5. The bottom chord member of a roof truss was initially chosen to have two unequal

angles 90mm x 60mm x 10 mm with the shorter legs outspread. Later it was felt that

the member was subjected to a direct tensile force of 350 kN and a vertical point load

of 15 kN transmitted by a different chain hoist. The longer legs of the angle are

connected by 18mm diameter rivets placed along the horizontal axis of symmetry of

gross section. Check the design of the member and redesign if necessary and draw

details? The member is 5m long between panel points. [16]

6. The forces in the members of the roof truss at joint A, AB compression 500 kN and

AD tension 600kN. Design the members AB and AD and the joint A as shown in the

Figure-6. Sketch the joint A including shoe detail. [16]

Figure-6

7. Design a riveted plate girder spanning 15 m and supporting two 500 kN concentrated

loads at third points. [16]

Set-2



(Civil Engineering)






************

Part-A ( Marks:32)

1. A column section ISHB300 at 63 kg/m with one cover plate 400 mm x 20 mm on

either side is carrying an axial load of 2000 kN inclusive of self weight of base and

column. Design a gusseted base for the column, assuming the allowable bearing

pressure on concrete as 4 N/mm2 and the bending stress in base plate as 185 N/mm

2.

Sketch the details of the gusseted base.

a) Side view of the gusseted base

b) Plan view of the foundation

2. Design a deck type welded plate girder of a railway bridge.

Effective span = 24 m

EUDL for BM = 2329 kN

EUDL for SF = 2541 kN

Impact factor = 0.526

Traction force = 448 kN

Braking force = 416 kN

Raking force = 6000 N/mm

Also design stiffeners and bearings.

Draw to scale :

a)Cross section of plate girder

b)Longitudinal elevation

c)Top plan of girder.


3. a)Explain the advantages of welded connections? With neat sketches explain

different types of welds?

b)Calculate the size of weld required for the welded bracket as shown in the figure-3b

[8+8]

Set-3 Set-3

Code No: 2320103

Figure-3b

4. a) With neat sketches explain laterally unsupported beams ?

b) Design a rolled steel I section for a simply supported beam with a clear span of

8m. It carries of uniformly distributed load of 45 kN.per meter exclusive of self

weight. The beam is laterally unsupported? [6+10]

5. a) Explain about splicing of columns?

b) A double channel column section; channels placed back to back carries an axial

load of 14000 kN. The effective length of the column is 3m. Design the section take

Fy = 200 N/mm2. [6+10]

6. Design an angle iron purlin for a trussed roof from the following data:

Span of roof truss = 12m.

Spacing of roof trusses = 5m.

Spacing of purlins along the slope of roof truss = 1.2m

Slope of roof truss = 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.

Wind load on roof surface normal to roof = 1.04 kN/m2

Vertical load from roof sheeting etc. = 0.200 kN/m2 . [16]

7. 12 m span welded plate girder is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m

along with a concentrated load of 150 kN at 4 m from one of the supports. Design

a) The cross-section of the plate girder assuming the web to be 6 mm thick.

b) The welded joint for connecting the flange plates with the web.

c)The web stiffeners including the bearing stiffeners at supports. [16]

Set-3 Set-3



(Civil Engineering)






************

Part-A ( Marks: 32)

1. A built-up steel column comprising two ISWB 400 Rolled Steel Joists sections with

their webs spaced at 325 mm and connected by 10 mm thick battens, transmits an

axial load of 2000 kN. Safe bearing capacity soil at site = 300 kN/m2. The safe

permissible stress on the concrete bed = 4 N/mm2. Design a suitable foundation for

the column adopting a slab base, and sketch the details of the foundation.

2. Design a suitable web splice for a plate girder at a section at which the bending

moment is 5000 kN-m and shear force is 1000 kN. The plate girder is built-up from a

web plate 2500 mm deep x 16 mm thick and two ISA 200 mm x 150 mm x 15 mm

(ISA 200 150 @ 0.394 kN/m) angles and a 600 mm x 16 mm cover plate in each

flange. The rivets used are of 22 mm diameter. Draw a sketch of the splice. The long

legs of the flange angles are placed horizontally.


3. A welded bracket connecting a plate to a column flange is shown in the figure -3.

Design the welded connection? [16]

Figure -3

Set-4

Code No: 2320103

4. a)Discuss about effective span and deflection limitations as per I.S. code?

b)Design a simply supported beam to carry a uniformly distributed load of 44 kN/m.

The effective span of the beam is 8m. The effective length of the compression flange

of the beam is also 8m. The ends of the beam are not free to rotate at the bearings.

[6+10]

5. Design the slab base for a column consisting of ISHB 300 @ 58.8 kg/m and carrying

an axial load of 1000 kN. Take allowable bearing pressure on concrete as 4 N/mm2

[16]

6. Design an I section and angle section purlin for a trussed roof from the following

data:

Span of roof = 12 m; spacing of purlin along slope of truss = 2 m

Spacing of truss = 5 m; slope of roof truss = 1 vertical, 2 horizontal

Wind load on roof surface normal to roof = 1000 N/m2

Vertical load from roof sheets etc = 200 N/m2. [16]

7. A mild steel plate girder simply supported at two ends has an effective span of 20 m.

It carries a dead load of 50.00 kN/m and uniformly distributed live load of the same

intensity, longer than the span. Design the maximum section of the plate girder.

Allow for impact. [16]

Set-4

Code No: 2320203 Set No. 1

III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &Communication Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electronics & ControlEngineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer Engineering

and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Explain theory X and theory Y as theories of motivation. [16]

2. What do you mean by line organisation structure? What are its benefits andlimitations? Explain where it is suitable.

[16]

3. What do you mean by work study? Explain the basic procedure involved in methodstudy and work measurement. [16]

4. “Consumer is a king.” Comment on the statement in the light of marketing concept.[16]

5. How does the personnel function change as firm grows in size? Briefly describe eachstage of development. [16]

6. Explain the uses of variance &expected time in relation to critical paths in a PERTnetwork. [16]

7. What are the criteria used to determine the corporate strengths and weaknesses?Use these criteria for a company you are familiar with to identify its strengths andweaknesses. Suggest corrective actions. [16]

8. Is re-engineering another fad or does it offer something of lasting value? [16]

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1. Name and describe the various levels of management with their functions. [16]

2. Define ‘Departmentation’ Explain its need in industries. [16]

3. What is a flow chart? Discuss its utility for method study engineer. [16]

4. What is materials management? Explain its importance. [16]

5. What are the best methods of recruitment for positions below supervisory level?[16]

6. The following table gives the information about various activities of a project. Theoverhead costs are Rs. 1300 per day. Determine the optimum cost and duration ofthe project. [16]Activity Normal Crash

Time(days) Cost(Rs) Time(days) Cost(Rs)1-2 9 8,000 7 10,0001-3 5 5,000 3 8,0002-3 7 7,000 5 8,6002-4 8 6,000 6 7,0003-4 6 9,000 4 11,400

7. Is downsizing a good option for Indian firms? Discuss the proc and cons. [16]

8. What are the major ingredients of total quality management? Are some ingredientsmore important than the others? Explain. [16]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. What is motivation? Explain its importance. [16]

2. What is committee organisation? Explain the advantages and disadvantages ofcommittee organisation. [16]

3. Define work study. Explain its objectives. [16]

4. A company uses 4000 units of an item per annum. The items are produced from alocal manufacturer at a basic price of Rs. 10 each. The procurement cost per orderis Rs. 20 and the inventory carrying cost is 20%. The supplier offer the followingdiscounts on the basic price for order quantities of:Order Quantity Discount800-1599 2%1600-3199 4%3200 and above 5%Determine the EOQ. [16]

5. How should one go about identifying training needs in an organization? [16]

6. The relationship between the activities of a project is given below. Draw thenetwork. Calculate slack at each event. Show the critical path and find normalproject duration. [16]Predecessor event Successor event To Tm Tp

1 2 1 2 31 3 2 4 61 5 3 5 122 4 6 9 122 5 4 7 103 6 7 10 194 7 0 0 04 8 2 3 45 7 1 3 55 7 1 3 56 7 10 13 167 8 8 11 20

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7. What is the relationship between corporate governance and social responsibility?[16]

8. Is re-engineering another fad or does it offer something of lasting value? [16]

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1. Critically examine Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Make a comparison between the-ories of Herzberg and Maslow. Which of these theories do you prefer in Indiancontext? Give reasons. [16]

2. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Formal organisation

(b) Informal organisation. [8+8]

3. Define Acceptance Sampling. What are the methods of Acceptance Sampling?Explain. [16]

4. What are the duties, functions and responsibilities of a purchasing manger? [16]

5. What is job evaluation? Explain the objectives of job evaluation. How do youprepare the ground for evaluation jobs? [16]

6. Explain how do you determine the probability of meeting the scheduled date ofcompletion of project. [16]

7. Can there be a strategy without a mission? Give a mission statement for followingorganization:

(a) An internet service provider

(b) A large private hospital

(c) State Electricity Board [5+5+6]

8. Explain some of the causes that can result in the failure of an MIS. [16]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009MACHINE TOOLS

( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Production Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Explain the relationship between tool life and cutting speed with graph.

(b) In a turning operation, it was observed that the tool life was 100 min and 50min at cutting speed of 25 m/min and 100 m/min respectively. Find out toollife at 200 m/min under same cutting condition.

(c) A HSS tool requires regrinding after 3hrs and 20 min when machining MS ata speed of 40 m/min. Calculate the tool life if the speed is increased to 70m/min. [5+5+6]

2. (a) What is the function of back gears? explain.

(b) Differentiate between the motion of cross slide and a compound rest.

(c) What are different types of lathe bed ways? Why there is a gap in the bed?[5+5+6]

3. (a) Describe with line diagram of whitworth quick return mechanisms used inslotter.

(b) How to do you adjust the length of the stroke in shaper? Explain with diagram.[8+8]

4. (a) Describe the methods or equipments for mounting cutters in a horizontal bor-ing machine.

(b) What are the different methods used to locate holes in jig boring? Describethem in brief. [8+8]

5. (a) Why is milling a versatile machining process.

(b) What determines the number of teeth on a milling cutter? [8+8]

6. (a) What are piston grinders? Where are they used.

(b) How are the grit size and surface finish related in grinding? [8+8]

7. (a) How do honing and lapping differ from grinding?

(b) Write the advantages and limitations of honing and lapping. [8+8]

8. (a) What is a pump Jig? Explain.

(b) What clamping devices are used for irregular shaped components? Explain.[8+8]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Write short notes on “stepped cone pulley with back gear arrangement”, “Meandersgear arrangement” and “tumbler gear arrangement”. [16]

2. (a) What is a mandrel? Why these are used in lathe?

(b) List different types of mandrels with sketches. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain with neat sketch speed, feed, depth of cut with respect to shaper,planner and slotter.

(b) Describe table drive mechanisms in planner. [8+8]

4. (a) Sketch and describe in brief of a radial drilling machine.

(b) Name various work holding devices in drilling machine and describe any twowith sketch. [8+8]

5. (a) Define cutting speed, feed and depth of cut in milling process.

(b) With the help of neat sketch explain the working of straddle milling. [8+8]

6. (a) What are truing and dressing? Distinguish between them.

(b) What are the different types of abrasives used in the manufacturing of grindingwheel? What are the selection criteria? [8+8]

7. (a) Explain clearly the various broaching parameters.

(b) Explain clearly how the length and machining time of a broach is calculated.[8+8]

8. (a) What is meant by ‘Clearance’ and ‘fool proofing’ as applied to jigs and fixtures.

(b) Enumerate the design principles of milling fixtures. [8+8]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Sketch a three view diagram of 25mm square tool bit having tool signature

(a) 150,150,100, 100,150, 100, 3mm

(b) -80, 80, 100, 100, 60, 6mm

(c) 100, 100, 60, 60, 80, 00, 0.8mm and make various parts and angles over it.[6+5+5]

2. Name the different work holding devices or methods in capstan and turret lathes.Describe one method with sketch on each lathe. [16]

3. (a) Explain with neat sketch speed, feed, depth of cut with respect to shaper,planner and slotter.

(b) Describe table drive mechanisms in planner. [8+8]

4. Explain the construction features of the following parts of drilling machine

(a) Base

(b) drill head

(c) spindle drive

(d) feed mechanisms. [4×4]

5. (a) Sketch and describe the working of a ‘Turret-type milling machine’.

(b) What are the common milling methods? Compare their relative merits anddemerits. [8+8]

6. What factors influence the machining efficiency in grinding? Explain the machiningcharacteristics of grinding process. [16]

7. (a) Explain clearly the various broaching parameters.

(b) Explain clearly how the length and machining time of a broach is calculated.[8+8]

8. (a) Differentiate between a jig and a fixture.

(b) Name and explain the essential elements which make up a jig or a fixture.[8+8]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Sketch a three view diagram of 25mm square tool bit having tool signature

(a) 150,150,100, 100,150, 100, 3mm

(b) -80, 80, 100, 100, 60, 6mm

(c) 100, 100, 60, 60, 80, 00, 0.8mm and make various parts and angles over it.[6+5+5]

2. (a) What is the function of back gears? explain.

(b) Differentiate between the motion of cross slide and a compound rest.

(c) What are different types of lathe bed ways? Why there is a gap in the bed?[5+5+6]

3. (a) Describe various slotting tools and slotter operations.

(b) Describe various feed movement mechanisms in slotting machine. [8+8]

4. (a) What do you understand by number size drill and letter size drill?

(b) What are the probable effects of incorrect drill feed rates?

(c) What happens to drill point when drill speed is too high? [6+5+5]

5. (a) Describe compound indexing method.

(b) How the versatility of milling machine is increased by the use of universaldeviding head? [8+8]

6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of centreless grinding.

(b) Explain abrasive belt grinding. [8+8]

7. Explain complete design process of broaching tool. [16]

8. (a) Explain the features of a box jig with the help of a neat sketch.

(b) Explain different types of locators used in machine tools. [8+8]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009UNIX PROGRAMMING

( Common to Computer Science & Engineering and InformationTechnology)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Discuss three ways of knowing the home directory.

(b) Give a detail note on structure of UNIX file system. [6+10]

2. (a) Discuss Uniq command. Explain -u, -d, -c options with examples.

(b) “nl command numbers only logical lines”. Substantiate. Compare it with prcommand. [8+8]

3. (a) Write a shell script to calculate over time pay of 20 employees. Overtime ispaid at the rate of Rs.15.00 per hour for every hour worked above 40 hours.Assume that employees do not work for fractional part of an hour.

(b) Write a C program to concatenate the contents of 2 files using command linearguments. [8+8]

4. (a) Write a shell script which gets executed the moment the user logs in. It shoulddisplay the message “good morning/good afternoon/good evening” dependingupon the time at which the user logs in.

(b) Explain about here documents with an example. [8+8]

5. Write a C program which uses chmod, chown system calls. [16]

6. Explain system calls which are useful to get user id and group id. [16]

7. (a) Explain the concept of using file as lock

(b) Write a C program to lock a file. [8+8]

8. (a) What is inter process communication

(b) Explain about pipes. [8+8]

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1. Write a short notes on the following commands.

(a) unlink

(b) finger

(c) arp

(d) ps. [16]

2. (a) How to locate repeated and no repeated lines in a file? Explain.

(b) Can tr command delete characters? Justify your answer.

(c) Write a short notes on ‘awk’. [6+5+5]

3. (a) Write a shell script which will receive any number of filenames as arguments.The shell script should check whether every argument supplied is a file or adirectory. If it is a directory it should be appropriately reported. If it is aFilename then name of the file as well as the number of lines present in itshould be reported.

(b) Write a C program to simulate ‘tail’ command. [8+8]

4. (a) What is metacharacter? List and explain about any 7 metacharacters availablein unix.

(b) Write a shell script which will receive either the filename or the filename withit’s full path during execution.this script should obtain information about thisfile as given by ls - l and display in proper format. [8+8]

5. Write and explain any three directory handling system calls and give examples foreach. [16]

6. (a) Write a program to illustrate the vfork function call.

(b) Write a program for signal implementation. [8+8]

7. Write about F GETLK, F SETLK and F SETLKW . [16]

8. (a) What is the data stored by the kernel when a semaphore is created.

(b) What is the system call that is used to create a shared memory segment andexplain each field in detail. [8+8]

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1. What is a process. List and explain various process utilities with suitable examples.[16]

2. (a) Give a short notes on following backup commands:

i. cpio

ii. tar.

(b) Discuss in detail the usage of awk filter. [8+8]

3. (a) Write a shell script which will receive any number of filenames as arguments.The shell script should check whether every argument supplied is a file or adirectory. If it is a directory it should be appropriately reported. If it is aFilename then name of the file as well as the number of lines present in itshould be reported.

(b) Write a C program to simulate ‘tail’ command. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain in detail about different types of loop control structures supported bybourne shell.

(b) Write a shell script to generate all combinations of 1,2 and 3 using for loops.[8+8]

5. Write a C program to implement getcwd system call. [16]

6. Write a program which used both kill and raise functions. [16]

7. Write a comparative study of adversary and mandatory locking. [16]

8. Write a comparative study of different IPC methods [16]

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1. (a) Name the two types of ordinary files and explain the difference between them.Provide three examples of each type of file.

(b) How to obtain a complete listing of all files and directories in the whole system,Explain? [8+8]

2. (a) If cmp f1 f2 produces no output, what does that indicate? Explain.

(b) Can lines in a file be presented in reverse order? Justify your answer.

(c) How to find out the ASCII octal values of the numerals and alphabets?[5+5+6]

3. (a) Any year is entered through the keyboard, write a shell script to determineWhether the year is leap or not. Use the logical operators -a and -o.

(b) Write a C program to simulate ‘wc’ command. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain about the positional parameters in shell programming.

(b) Explain about the passing of command line arguments with an example.

(c) Explain about shell keywords. [4+8+4]

5. Write a C program to implement getcwd system call. [16]

6. Write a program which used both kill and raise functions. [16]

7. Write a comparative study of adversary and mandatory locking. [16]

8. (a) Explain in detail about msgsnd system call.

(b) Explain in detail about msgrcv system call [8+8]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009AUTOMATION OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. (a) Explain how Analog Process Control loops cab be replaced by digital computercontrol loops?

(b) List out the advantages of DDC over conventional analog Controller [8+8]

2. (a) Explain how data bus works in a DCS.

(b) Discuss in brief about Intelligent field bus device (IFD)? [8+8]

3. (a) A discrete system is having the following transfer function,T(Z) = (Z2 +4Z+3)/ (Z3+3Z2+2Z)Obtain the discrete state model and discuss about its controllability and ob-servability

(b) Give the structure of a self tuning regulator(STR) and explain how the con-troller parameters, are set [8+8]

4. (a) What is Dead Beat Algorithm? Explain DB algorithm for a second ordersystem considering Dead time?

(b) What is the effect of sampling on the response of a closed loop system? Howdo you select the sampling rate? [10+6]

5. (a) Why we need feed forward controller?

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Feed forward controller? Justifyyour answer with an example. [6+10]

6. Discuss about the different adaptive control techniques that are applied in industrialprocess. [16]

7. Develop an inferential control scheme that can be used to control the drying ofsolids with warm air. Discuss how you would develop the estimator of the inferentialstructure. [8+8]


(a) DCS integration with PLCs.

(b) DCS integration with computers. [8+8]

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1. (a) Discuss the functional requirements of Industrial Automation?

(b) Discuss the current trends in automation of Industrial Processes? [6+10]

2. (a) Describe the principle of a ‘Smart Transmitter’ what and where does it trans-mit discus some aspects of its developments in recent years?

(b) Draw a block diagram to show how sensors interact with the automated man-ufacturing process? Consider your own example. [8+8]

3. (a) What is meant by optimum controller settings? Describe the procedure tocontroller settings that give minimum ISE.

(b) How is process reaction curve plotted? How do you use it for controller tuning?What is process reaction curve methods (PRC) of controller tuning. Explainhow PRC method can be used to set the parameter of P, PI & PID Controllers?

[8+8]

4. (a) What are the limitations of Z transforms? Define modified Z transform andobtain modified Z transform for G(S) = 1/(S+1)

(b) Write a short notes on Zero order Hold (ZOH) device. Also derive its transferfunction. [10+6]

5. Compare feed forward control system with feed back control system mention itsadvantages and disadvantages. [16]

6. What is cascade control system? When the cascade control system is used in processcontrol applications? Explain with an example. [4+4+8]

7. Draw a block diagram for Smith predictor control system. In each block thatinvolves controller calculations, show the equation solved in the digital implemen-tation. Assume that an adequate process model is of first order with dead time.

[16]


(a) DCS Software configuration.

(b) DCS Communication. [8+8]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Write a short notes on

i. Artificial Intelligence based system.

ii. Expert system controller.

(b) Discuss the hierarchy of DCS. [10+6]

2. (a) Discuss in detail about computer based process controllers ?

(b) Identify the process variables for stirred tank heater (STH) system. Explainabout the process with related equations [8+8]

3. (a) A discrete system is having the following transfer function,T(Z) = (Z2 +4Z+3)/ (Z3+3Z2+2Z)Obtain the discrete state model and discuss about its controllability and ob-servability

(b) Give the structure of a self tuning regulator(STR) and explain how the con-troller parameters, are set [8+8]



5. Expalin any two types of feed forward controller (FFC) algorithms. [8+8]

6. Draw the block diagram of self tuning regulator and explain each block. [16]

7. Develop an inferential control scheme that can be used to control the drying ofsolids with warm air. Discuss how you would develop the estimator of the inferentialstructure. [8+8]

8. (a) How is DCS programmed? Explain.

(b) How is DCS configured to provide desired information? [6+10]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Discuss the functional requirements of Industrial Automation?

(b) Discuss the current trends in automation of Industrial Processes? [6+10]

2. (a) Discuss about different communication protocols associated with Smart Sen-sors?

(b) Write the advantages of Smart Sensors. [8+8]

3. (a) What can be said about Controllability and Observability conditions if thetransfer function has a pole Zero cancellation?

(b) Find the controllability of the following system using KALMAN’s Test: [8+8]

X1(K + 1)

X2(K + 1)

X3(K + 1)

=

0 1 0

0 0 1

−6 − 11 − 6

X1(K)

X2(K)

X3(K)

+

0

0

1

U(K)




(a) Static feed forward controller.

(b) Partial static feed forward controller. [8+8]

6. What is cascade control system? When the cascade control system is used in processcontrol applications? Explain with an example. [4+4+8]

7. Discuss the inferential design criteria. Why case changes in disturbance and ma-nipulated variables included when selecting an inferential variable? [16]

8. Explain with a neat sketch the structure of a distributed control system (DCS).Discuss the functioning of its various parts. [16]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009BIO-MEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

(Bio-Medical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Let the pdf of a random variable X be fx(x) = 0.5 e−|X| . Find the CDF F(x) anduse it to Evaluate probabilities:

(a) P (X≤ 0)

(b) P (0<X≤ 1)

(c) P(X>1). [5+6+5]

2. (a) Explain the steps present in power spectral analysis of an ECG signal.

(b) Write short notes on Noise figure. [10+6]

3. (a) Classify data compression techniques and list the features of each technique.

(b) Discuss any one type of lossy data compression technique with an example.[8+8]

4. (a) Describe Brady cardia and trachy cardia.

(b) Explain the Identification process with criteria for alarm for brady cardia andtrachy cardia. [6+10]

5. Primary Signal x(n)= EMG+ε(n), reference signal r(n)=C.EMG

(a) Find the optimum weight that minimizes the mean square error.

(b) Analyze the output. [8+8]

6. In a signal averaging application the noise amplitude is initially 4 times as large assignal amplitude. How many sweeps must be averaged to give a resulting signal tonoise ratio of 4:1. [16]

7. (a) Describe the least square modeling technique of EEG signal.

(b) Explain the algorithm to detect the transient waves using polynomial model-ing. [8+8]

8. (a) Original prony’s method N complex data samples are estimated by M-termcomplex exponentials write the model equation and explain in detail.

(b) Write any two time domain filters? Give an example. [8+8]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Define axiomatic definition of probability

(b) Give the classification of Random variables

(c) State total probability theorem

(d) Define density function of Gaussian function. [4+4+4+4]

2. Prove that the density of sum of two random variables is equal to the convolutionof individual densities X and Y with joint density function F(x,y). [16]

3. (a) Expand CORTES and explain the process of data compression using CORTES.

(b) Compare the performance of CORTES with that of turning point algorithmand AZTEC. [10+6]

4. (a) Discuss an algorithm to calculate the heart rate from the ECG signal.

(b) Discuss how baseline drift can be removed from the ECG recording.[10+6]

5. Primary Signal x(n)= MECG+FECG, v(n)=FECG where v(n) is the noise and r(n)is the reference signal. If r(n)= C.MECG and assume that FECG is not correlatedto MECG and r(n)find the output at optimum weight Wopt.and write the relevant algorithm. [16]

6. Justify the use of linear prediction theory in EEG modeling. [16]

7. Why are model based approaches preferred in EEG analysis? Explain any twomodeling methods. [16]

8. (a) In the original prony’s problem is basically a non-linear problem. Illustiratethis for the case of two exponents.

(b) Identify the beginning of s1 in a PCG signal and draw the waveform. [10+6]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. A Gaussian random signal has a mean value of 10 and variance of 25.

(a) What is the probability that an observed value of the signal is greater thanzero?

(b) What is the probability that an observed value of the signal is greater thanthe twice of the mean value?

(c) What is the probability that an observed value of the signal is greater thanzero but less than or equal to the mean value? [5+5+6]

2. Explain briefly the correlation in frequency domain. Explain the significance ofcrosscorrelation of ECG signals. [16]

3. (a) Draw the flow chart of AZTEC algorithm, explain Briefly

(b) Explain the limitations of AZTEC algorithm if it is applied on high frequencydata. [8+8]

4. (a) How do you detect missing QRS complex?

(b) How a right bundle block is detected using automated ECG analysis? [8+8]

5. Write short note on

(a) Write the differences between static filter and adaptive filter.

(b) Explain the principle of an adaptive filter [8+8]

6. Write the importance of Yule-walker equations in signal modeling? Explain withone example. [16]

7. For the AR process y(n)=y(n-1)-0.54 y(n-2) +e(n).

(a) Calculate the Ryy(0) and Ryy(1).

(b) Mean square error. [10+6]

8. Give a flow chart of prony’s exponential estimation method. [16]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Explain the relation among the probability, probability cumulative distributionfunction and probability density function of a continuous random variable. [16]

2. Find the mean and variance of a Gaussian distribution function. [16]

3. (a) Draw the flowchart for the line detection operation of the AZTEC algorithmand explain in detail.

(b) Draw the flowchart for the line processing operation of the AZTEC algorithmand explain in detail. [8+8]

4. (a) How do you detect missing QRS complex?

(b) How a right bundle block is detected using automated ECG analysis? [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the adaptive noise canceling with block diagram

(b) Explain the applications of ANC in biomedical signal enhancement [8+8]

6. In a signal averaging application, the noise amplitude is initially 16 times as largeas amplitude. How many sweeps must be averaged to give a resulting signal tonoise ratio is 32:1? Derive the S/N. [16]

7. (a) What are the two terms of brain activity that can be related to EEG? Explainin detail.

(b) Explain the algorithm to detect the mu-rhythm using linear technique. [8+8]

8. According to prony’s method y(n)=A exp(αn) sin(2πf1n) , where α=3; A=5; f=2.

(a) Calculate the A(Z) using prony’s method.

(b) Draw the the input and prony’s estimated signal. [12+4]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009AEROSPACE PROPULSION-II

(Aeronautical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. The following particulars of a single stage turbine of free vortex is given below:Total head inlet pressure = 4.6 barTotal head inlet temperature = 7000 CStatic head pressure at mean radius = 1.6 barMean blade diameter/blade height = 10Nozzle loss coefficient = 0.10Nozzle outlet angle = 280

Determine the gas temperature, velocities, and discharge angle at the blade rootand tip radii. Take Cp = 1.147, γ = 1.33 and mass flow rate = 20 kgs−1. [16]

2. Discuss in detail about the quasi-steady and periodic fluctuating type of stressesacting on a conventional turbine blade, which could lead to crack initiation andeventual failure of the blade. [16]

3. (a) Describe why a variable area nozzle is necessary in case of a jet engine em-ploying thrust augmentation through after burning concept.

(b) Draw the performance chart of an after burner engine and explain it in detail.[8+8]

4. A ramjet engine operates at M = 1.5 at an altitude of 6.5 km. The diameter of theinlet diffuser at entry is 0.5 m and the stagnation temperature at the nozzle entryis 1600 K. The calorific value of the fuel used is 40 MJkg−1. The properties of thecombustion gases are same as those of air, i.e. g = 1.4, R = 287 kJkg−1K−1. Thevelocity of air at the diffuser exit is negligible. Assuming, hD = 0.90, hB = 0.98, hj= 0.96, stagnation pressure loss in the combustion chamber = 0.002 p02, calculatethe following:

(a) Efficiency of the ideal cycle

(b) Fuel-air ratio

(c) Diffuser pressure ratio

(d) Propulsive efficiency

(e) Nozzle pressure ratio

(f) Nozzle jet Mach number

(g) Thrust produced

(h) Air flow rate. [16]

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5. Define the following quantities; write down their formulas and units:Specific impulse, total impulse, average impulse and specific propellant consump-tion.

[16]

6. Briefly explain about the motor casing of solid propellant rocket and the factorsconsidered for its design. [16]

7. Write short notes on the following with respect to the liquid propellant rocketmotor:

(a) Regenerative cooling.

(b) Cryogenic fuels.

(c) Safety precautions for handling liquid propellant.

(d) Water hammer effect in pipe lines. [4+4+4+4]

8. Describe the concept of solid-core reactor with the help of a schematic diagram.[16]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) What is the effect of pitch on the blade root fixing?

(b) Write a note on turbine blade cooling methods. [8+8]


3. Explain the basic concepts of thrust augmentation through after burning concept,and discuss in detail about the associated pressure losses. [16]

4. What are the various assumptions made while analyzing an ideal ramjet engine?Explain the conditions occurring at the exit of diffuser section and combustionchamber.

[16]

5. Define total and specific impulse of rockets. Explain the significance of specificimpulse.

[16]

6. List one or more solid propellant combinations that would be suitable for the fol-lowing:

(a) Large booster for space vehicle

(b) Infantry shoulderlaunched anti-tank projectile. [8+8]

7. Explain the auxiliary propulsion systems using liquid propellants and their appli-cations. [16]

8. Explain the ideal flight performance of a low thrust electric propulsion system. [16]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. In a single-stage impulse turbine the nozzle discharges the fluid on to the bladesat an angle of 250 to the plane of rotation and the fluid leaves the blades with anabsolute velocity of 300ms−1 at an angle of 1200 to the direction of motion of theblades. If the blades have an equal inlet and outlet angles and there is no axialthrust, estimate the blade angle, power produced per kgs−1 of the fluid. [16]


3. Explain the basic concepts of thrust augmentation through after burning concept,and discuss in detail about the associated pressure losses. [16]

4. Explain the operating principle and essential features of a ramjet engine with thehelp of a suitable diagram. [16]

5. Explain briefly the meanings of following terms

(a) Booster rocket stage.

(b) Retro rockets.

(c) Sustainer stage.

(d) Earth satellite. [4+4+4+4]

6. (a) Write a note on propellant ingredients with reference to solid motor rockets.

(b) Compare the solid propellant motors with liquid propellant motors with ref-erence to their performance characteristics and applications. [8+8]

7. Describe the construction features of propellant feeding devices for liquid rocketengines. How the positive expulsion of propellant is achieved. [16]

8. Describe the concept of solid-core reactor with the help of a schematic diagram.[16]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Explain in detail the Vortex theory of gas turbine blading with respect to an axialflow turbine. In what way does it differ from elementary theory? [16]


3. (a) Explain the reasons why the use of after burning thrust augmentation methodis limited to only for a short periods.

(b) Describe why a variable area nozzle is necessary in case of a jet engine em-ploying thrust augmentation through after burning concept. [8+8]

4. What do you understand by Integral Ram-rocket? Explain the working principleand operation of an Integral Ram-rocket with the help of a suitable and neatlydrawn diagram.

[16]

5. What do you understand by re-entry? Explain the process of re-entry for a spacecraft at orbital speed. Explain the various types of problems encountered and theirremedies.

[16]

6. (a) Compare the various exhaust gas properties of a typical composite solid pro-pellant (with aluminum and prechlorate ) with that of a cryogenic liquid pro-pellant such as O2-H2.

(b) Explain the distinct features, advantages and disadvantages of the followingwith respect to the solid propellant rocket motor:

i. Jetavators

ii. Moveable nozzle ( ball/ socket/ gimbal ring). [8+4+4]

7. Explain the propellant feed systems used in liquid propulsion rockets and comparethem. [16]

8. Explain the ideal flight performance of a low thrust electric propulsion system. [16]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009HEAT TRANSFER IN BIO PROCESSORS

(Bio-Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Calculate the rate of heat loss Q, through a wall of red brick [ k=0.70 W/(m.K)]5m in length , 4m in height and 250m in thickness, if the wall surfaces aremaintained at 373 K (1000C ) and 303 K (300C) respectively.

(b) Estimate the heat loss per m2 of the surface through a brick wall 0.5 m thickwhen the inner surface is at 400 K (1270C ) and the outside surface is at 310K (370C ). The thermal conductivity of the brick may be taken as 0.7 W/(m.K). [16]

2. Air at 300K (270 C) and 101.325 kPa flows over a flat plate at a viscosity of 2 m/s.Calculate the boundary layer thickness at a distance of 20 cm and 40 cm from theleading edge of the plate. Also calculate the mass flow that the boundary layerbetween x=20 cm and x=40 cm.Data: Viscosity of air at 300 K = 1.85 x 10−5 kg/(m.s).Assume unit depth in z-direction [16]

3. Vertical pipe of 100 mm outer diameter and length 3 m is in room where air is at293K (200 C). Calculate the rate of heat loss by free convection per meter lengthof pipe surface temperature is 373 K (1000 C).

Data: The properties of air at the film temperature of 333 K (600 C) are:υ= 18.97× 10−6(m2/s); k = 28.96× 10−3W/(m.K);NPr= 0.696;

[16]

4. (a) What is the effect of roughness in a pipe on nucleate boiling? Explain indetail.

(b) What is the limitation of momentum heat analogies? Discuss in detail. [8+8]

5. Sugar syrup is heated in a stirred vessel of diameter 2m with a helical coil inside thevessel. The diameter of the impeller is 0.67m and rotates at 60rpm.The sugar syrupsolution is maintained at 350C by passing hot water through the helical coil. Theinlet and outlet temperatures of the heating water are 50oC and 380C. The heat loadrequired for the tank is 500kW. The heat transfer coefficient for the heating wateris 10kW/m2 0C. The helical coil is made up of SS which has thermal conductivityof 60 W/m 0C. What length of the cooling coil is required if the outside dia of theSS pipe is 5cm and the pipe thickness is 3mm. [16]

6. A solution with an initial solid concentration of 10% is being concentrated in a singleeffect evaporator to a final solid concentration of 40% under a vacuum. Steam at

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a pressure of 101 kPa (gauge) is used to concentrate the liquor. If the feed rate is1000kg/h, find the quantity of water to be evaporated. [16]

7. Describe the process of batch sterilization of a medium. [16]

8. Medium at a flow rate of 2 m3 h−1 is to be sterilized by heat exchange with steamin a continuous sterilizer. The liquid contains bacterial spores at a concentration of5 x 1012 m−3; the activation energy and Arrhenius constant for thermal destructionof these contaminants are 283 kJ/ gmol−1 and 5.7 x 1039 h−1, respectively. Acontamination risk of one organism surviving every 60 days operation is consideredacceptable. The sterilizer pipe has an inner diameter of 0.1 m; the length of theholding section is 24 m. The Damkohler number for the flow is 42.

(a) What sterilizing temperature is required?

(b) Find the thermal death constant for sterlization. [8+8]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Write the heat conduction equation for each of the following cases:

(a) Steady state, one-dimensional, variable k and no energy generation in a planewall.

(b) Transient, one-dimensional, constant k with energy generation in a plane wall.

(c) Two-dimensional (radial and axial), steady state, constant k with no energygeneration in a cylinder. [16]

2. It is desired to warm 0.90 kg/s of air flowing through tubes from 283 to 366 Kwith the help of flue gas entering at 700 K and leaving at 366 K in counter currentfashion. Calculate heat transfer area of heat exchange equipment.Data : Pipe diameter = 12 mmMass flow velocity G = 19.9 kg /( m2.s)K for air 324.5 K = 0.029 W/(m.K)µ for air 324.5 K = 0.0198 (mN.s)/m2

Cp for air = 1.0 kJ /(kg.K)H = 232 W/( m2.K) [16]

3. A circular disk insulated from the other side of diameter is exposed to air 293 K(200 C). If the disc of diameter 25 cm is maintained at 393K (1200 C). Calculatethe amount of heat transferred from it when,

(a) The disc is Horizontal with hot surface facing upward

(b) The disc is Horizontal with hot surface facing downward

(c) The disc is Vertical

Data: The properties of air at mean film temperature of 343K(700 C) are:k = 0.03W/(m.K); N

Pr= 0.697; υ= 2.076×10−6(m2/s)andβ= 0.002915K−1 [16]

4. (a) What is normal type of condensation? Explain in detail.

(b) What are the different regions of pool boiling? Discuss in detail. [8+8]

5. (a) What are various dimensionless numbers you use in the design of heat ex-changers? Define them.

(b) Describe the applications of dimensionless numbers in the design of heat ex-changers [8+8]

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6. (a) What are various objectives of evaporation ?

(b) How is it different from other unit operations like drying, crystallization anddistillation ? [8+8]

7. Explain graphical integration procedure for evaluating ∆ during heating period.[16]

8. Describe the effect of temperature on batch sterilization with necessary graphs.[16]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. A flat furnace wall is constructed of 114 mm layer of Sil-o-cel brick, with a thermalconductivity of 0.138 W/(m.K) backed by 229 mm layer of common brick, of con-ductivity 1.38 W/(m.K). The temperature of inner face of wall is 1033 K (7600 C)and that of the outer face is 349 K (760 C).

(a) What is the heat loss through the wall?

(b) Supposing that the contact between two bricks layers is poor and that a contactresistance of 0.09 K/W is present what would be the heat loss? [8+8]

2. Fuel oil in a tank is to be heated from 288.5 K to 316 K by means of steam coil. Theoil has a pour point below 288.5 K. This oil stands in the tank and circulates onlyby natural convection. Exhaust steam is used and it leaves the coil at atmosphericpressure but not cooled below 373 K. The film heat transfer coefficient for fuel oilis 18.26 w/m2.K and the heat transfer coefficient for condensation steam is 4070W/( m2.K). The fouling factors for oily steam is 0.215 (m2.K)/W and for fuel oil is0.123 (m2 .K)/W. The coil is required to heat 2250 kg/h of fuel oil of specific heat3.35 kJ/(kg.K). The inside diameter of pipe is 40 mm and the outside diameter48mm. Calculate,

(a) The overall co-efficient of heat transfer

(b) The heat transfer surface area. [16]

3. (a) Air at 293 K (200 C) and 101.325 kPa flows over a flat plate at velocity of 35m/s. The plate is 75 m long and is maintained at 333 K(600 C) . Assumingunit depth in the z-direction, estimate the heat transfer from the plate.

Data: Properties of air at the film temperature of 313 K (400 C ) are:µ= 1.906× 10−5kg/(m.s), k = 0.02723W/(m.K)

Cp = 1.007kJ/(kg.K),ρ= 1.129kg/m3, NPr

= 0.70u∝= 35 m/s

(b) Air at 101.325 kPa and 300 K (270 C) blows across a 12 mm diameter sphereat a free stream velocity of 4 m/s. A small heater inside the sphere maintainsthe surface temperature at 350 K (770 C). Estimate the heat lost by the sphere.

Data: The properties of air at the free stream temperature 325 K are: υ= 18.23×10−6m2/s, k = 0.02814W/(m.K) [8+8]

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4. Dry standard steam at 2.45 bar condenses on the surface of a vertical tube of length1m. the tube surface is at 1170 C. Calculate

(a) Film thickness at a distance 0.2 m from upper end and local heat transfercoefficient

(b) Average heat transfer coefficient is between 0 and 0.2 m. [16]

5. Describe systematically how do you proceed for design of heat exchanger for fer-mentation process. [16]

6. A sugar solution is concentrated in a single effect evaporator from an initial con-centration of 10% to a final concentration of 35% solids. The boiling point rise(∆Tb ) is given by (∆Tb ) = 0.51 ( m ) where m is the molality of the solution. FinBPR for the solution. [16]

7. A liquid medium initially contains bacterial spores at a concentration of 9.2x1011m−3.The medium is sterilized thermally at 1250C, and spores density is recorded. Thedata are as follows.

Time (min) 0 5 10 20 30 35Spore Density m−3 9.2 x 1011 2 x1010 3.32 x 2 x109 2.3 x 2 x105 115 3

(a) Find the thermal death kinetic rate constant in s−1.

(b) Find the inactivation factor after 40 min. [16]

8. (a) A fermenter containing 40 m3 of medium (250C) is going to be sterilized by thedirect injection of saturated steam. The typical bacterial count of the mediumis about 5 x 1012 m−3, which needs to be reduced to such an extent that thechance for a contaminant surviving the sterilization is 1 in 1,000. Calculate ∆for the same.

(b) Do you think a long tubular double pipe heat exchanger can be used forcontinuous sterilization? If so, how? If no why? [8+8]

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⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. It is necessary to insulate a flat surface so that the rate of heat loss per unit areaof this surface does not exceed 450 W/m2. The temperature differences across theinsulation layer is 400 K. Evaluate the thickness of insulation if

(a) the insulation is made of asbestos cement having thermal conductivity of 0.11W/(m.K), and

(b) the insulation is made of fire clay having thermal conductivity of 0.84 W/(m.K).[16]

2. A rectangular duct with inside dimensions of 2cm x 4cm is used to heat water from250C to 1150C. The mean water velocity is 0.018 m/s. The surface of the duct ismaintained at 1450C. Determine the required duct length. Assume fully developedflow conditions throughout. [16]

3. Air at 303 K (300 C) is flowing across a tube at a velocity of 25 m/s. The tube couldbe either a square with side of 50 mm or a circular cylinder of diameter 50 mm.Compare the rate of heat transfer in each case if the tube surface is maintained at397 K (1240 C).

Data: The physical Properties of air at the film temperature of 350 K(770 C) are:υ= 2.92× 10−6m2/s, k = 3× 10−2W/(m.K), N

Pr= 0.7 [16]

4. Water is boiled at atmospheric pressure at a rate of 30Kg/h in a copper pan ofdiameter 30 cm. Determine the temperature of bottom surface of pan assumingnucleate pool boiling and Estimate the peak heat flux. Data: The properties ofwater at atmospheric pressure are:Ts= 373K(1000C), ρl= 957.9kg/m3.C ρl= 4217J/(kg.K)µl= 27.9× 10−5kg/(m.s), N

Prl= 1.76,

λ= 2257kJ/kg; σ= 5.89× 10−2N/m; ρv = 0.5955kg/m3 and Csf= 0.013

[16]

5. (a) Write the adventages of a double pipe heat exchanger and what are its draw-backs?

(b) How do you classify the shell-and-tube heat exchangers ? [8+8]

6. (a) Describe how a multiple effect evaporator is economical.

(b) Without actually employing multiple effects, what are the other methods toachieve similar effect ? [8+8]

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7. Arrhenius coefficient (kdo) and activation energy for a heat resistant bacterial sporesin a medium were found to be 5.7x1037 h−1 and 2.834x105 kJ/k mole for thermalsterilization of a medium. Find the temperature of sterilization to bring down thebacterial spores count from 1x1010 m−3 to 1x10−3 m−3 in 0.1 h. [16]

8. Explain systematically how do you design a continuous sterilizer considering thedispersion model for fluid flow in pipes. [16]

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32-r05-1-5-09

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