Origins of Jazz MusicOrigins of Jazz Music Where Jazz was Where Jazz was

developeddeveloped

Different styles of music Different styles of music that influenced early jazzthat influenced early jazz

Different ethnicities and Different ethnicities and their culture that their culture that influenced jazzinfluenced jazz

Two musical styles most Two musical styles most responsible for shaping responsible for shaping jazzjazz

Brass Bands in Civil WarBrass Bands in Civil War

Both North and South employedMilitary bands.

Black Regiment BandBlack Regiment Band

African HeritageAfrican Heritage

Most slaves were captured in West Most slaves were captured in West Africa. Not all African music is the same Africa. Not all African music is the same – many regional and tribal differences.– many regional and tribal differences.

Example of music and dance from Mali:Example of music and dance from Mali:West Africa Dance and Song

In Africa, rhythm and music is part of In Africa, rhythm and music is part of everyday life.everyday life.

Foli - Rhythm is Everywhere

African-American song in African-American song in the USAthe USA

Slaves, and later freed workers sang Slaves, and later freed workers sang ““work songswork songs” to help to make their ” to help to make their work day go by faster.work day go by faster.

Work Song

John and Alan Lomax traveled the John and Alan Lomax traveled the Southern USA in the 1930s-40s, Southern USA in the 1930s-40s, recording many work songs, prison recording many work songs, prison songs, and folk songs.songs, and folk songs.

Some African musical sensibilities, Some African musical sensibilities, such as the prominent role of the such as the prominent role of the drums, survived into the generations drums, survived into the generations after slavery.after slavery.

But Black musicians in New Orleans But Black musicians in New Orleans were not playing African music. were not playing African music. They were playing European based They were playing European based forms of music, such as Brass Band forms of music, such as Brass Band marching music and classical music.marching music and classical music.

Music of the African-Music of the African-American ChurchAmerican Church

The “Fairfield Four” a cappella gospel The “Fairfield Four” a cappella gospel group:group:

Gospel Vocal Quintet

Aretha Franklin singing gospel music:Aretha Franklin singing gospel music: Mary, Don't You Weep

(start @1:00 – 5:05)(start @1:00 – 5:05)

musical examples

Turn of the Century New Turn of the Century New OrleansOrleans

New Orleans was a very New Orleans was a very cosmopolitan & liberal cosmopolitan & liberal citycity

As a port city a large As a port city a large variety of immigrants & variety of immigrants & ethnicitiesethnicities

Musicians well respected Musicians well respected and hired for all types of and hired for all types of eventsevents

Creoles: Creoles: light skinned light skinned blacks of blacks of African/European descent. African/European descent. Many were musically Many were musically trained in the classics.trained in the classics.

Musical New Orleans Musical New Orleans Huge variety of musical Huge variety of musical

styles present in New styles present in New OrleansOrleans

Orchestras, opera houses, Orchestras, opera houses, brass bands, string bands, brass bands, string bands, etc.etc.

Congo Square-Area where Congo Square-Area where slaves were allowed to slaves were allowed to perform, continued to perform, continued to 18851885

Military bands provided Military bands provided music for social dancesmusic for social dances

Origins of RagtimeOrigins of Ragtime Most popular form of Most popular form of

music in late 1800music in late 1800’’s & s & early 1900early 1900’’ss

Began as a solo piano Began as a solo piano style in Missouri towns style in Missouri towns & spread by sale of & spread by sale of sheet musicsheet music

Incorporated elements Incorporated elements of classical piano styles of classical piano styles and American marching and American marching bandsbands

Ragtime Ragtime Name came from Name came from ““raggingragging”” or or syncopating the beatsyncopating the beat

Ragtime involved little Ragtime involved little or no improvisationor no improvisation

Ragtime bands were Ragtime bands were used for social dancesused for social dances

Huge increase in sales Huge increase in sales of pianos & player of pianos & player pianospianos

Scott JoplinScott Joplin Scott Joplin (1868-1917) Scott Joplin (1868-1917)

famous ragtime famous ragtime composercomposer

““Maple Leaf RagMaple Leaf Rag”” over 1 over 1 million copies of sheet million copies of sheet musicmusic

(in our Listening Folder)(in our Listening Folder)

Elevated the style to an Elevated the style to an important musical formimportant musical form

““The EntertainerThe Entertainer”” used in used in movies, still played todaymovies, still played today

Origins of the BluesOrigins of the Blues First developed by First developed by

African-Americans in rural African-Americans in rural southsouth

Came from spirituals, Came from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, work songs, field hollers, shouts shouts

Began as an Began as an unaccompanied vocal styleunaccompanied vocal style

Later instruments like Later instruments like banjo & guitar banjo & guitar accompaniedaccompanied

BluesBlues ““Evil twinEvil twin”” of black of black

gospel church musicgospel church music

Call and response, blues Call and response, blues notes typical of stylenotes typical of style

Improvisation Improvisation important element of important element of the bluesthe blues

In 1890In 1890’’s spread to s spread to urban cities like New urban cities like New OrleansOrleans

Howlin’ Wolf Howlin’ Wolf ((Chester Arthur Burnett)Chester Arthur Burnett) (1910 – 1976)(1910 – 1976)

Howlin' Wolf explains the BluesHowlin' Wolf explains the Blues

the Wolf in actionthe Wolf in action

Origins of JazzOrigins of Jazz Jazz developed in New Jazz developed in New

Orleans in the 1890Orleans in the 1890’’ss

Blended blues, Blended blues, ragtime, brass bands, ragtime, brass bands, church, classical, etc.church, classical, etc.

Borrowed syncopated Borrowed syncopated rhythms form ragtimerhythms form ragtime

Borrowed idea of Borrowed idea of improvisation from the improvisation from the blues. Utilized the bent blues. Utilized the bent notes and nuances of notes and nuances of the blues.the blues.

JazzJazz Borrowed blues vocal Borrowed blues vocal

style, blues & ragtime style, blues & ragtime repertoirerepertoire

Developed in New Developed in New Orleans in areas like Orleans in areas like Storyville district Storyville district

Originally called Originally called ““JassJass”” for for jasmine perfume worn by jasmine perfume worn by prostitutes in Storyvilleprostitutes in Storyville

Spread to other cities Spread to other cities throughout Americathroughout America