350787 principles of first aid
TRANSCRIPT
BASIC FIRST AID
First Aid?
Is the immediate assistance or treatment
given to someone before the arrival of
medical staff/ ambulance
Qualities of a first aider:
~ Calm~ Confident~ Willing to offer assistance
whenever necessary~ Patience
Aims of a first aider:3 Ps:
3PsPreserve life
Prevent injuries/condition from worsening
Promote recovery
Preserving life:1) Control bleeding2) Treat probable cause of shock3) Maintain airway in correct
position4) Perform CPR when needed (no breathing or pulse)
Prevent condition from worsening:
1) Dress wound to prevent infection
2) Provide comfort to casualty 3) Place casualty in a comfortable
position
Promote recovery:
1) Relieve casualty from anxiety2) Encourage confidence and trust3) Attempt to relieve pain and
discomfort4) Handle casualty gently5) Protect casualty from cold and
wet
Ambulance (SCDF): 995 1777 ( Non-
emergency)Police number: 999Fire Brigade: 995
Emergency Hotlines
4 levels of consciousness:
a) Normal statusb) Drowsinessc) Semi – consciousnessd) Coma
Protecting yourself as a first aider
Essential to protect yourself from injury andinfection
a) Ensure surroundings are safeb) Protection from infection - to prevent “cross infection”( transmitting germs to a casualty or
contractingan infection yourself) - wear gloves or wash hands before doing
a dressing.
Practice of first aid:
1) Assess the situation2) Make area safe3) Give emergency aid - initial assessment – Signs and symptoms - ABC4) Get help from others if needed
Initial Assessmentwhat?- Brief examination of casualty
to perform checks before concluding
How?- Observe signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms
Signs: Details of a casualty’s condition you may
assess using your senses. Look, listen, feel, smellE.G Bleeding, Deformity, Strength or rhythm of pulse, breathing
Symptoms: sensations that the casualty experiences
E.G Is there pain? What type of pain? Nausea, giddiness, coldness
ABCA = Airway Open airway why?
B = Breathing Check for breathing How?
Circulation
Check for pulse
Pulse indicates the condition of the
Circulation
- Full and slow- Rapid and fluttering / weak
How to check for pulse?- Carotid pulse- Wrist pulse