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351 Spath. Arab-Israeli conflicts. Israel/Palestine. Maps pre-1948 conflicts. Yishuv. 1947 UN Partition Plan. 1948 Israel. Egypt, Sinai, Strait of Tiran. 1956 & 1967 Wars. Results. Israel restored its image as a strong and independent state. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Arab-Israeli conflicts
351 Spath
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Israel/Palestine
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Maps pre-1948 conflictsYishuv 1948 Israel1947 UN Partition Plan
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Egypt, Sinai, Strait of Tiran
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1956 & 1967 Wars
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Results• Israel restored its image as a strong and independent state.
• Israel was now three times bigger than it had been in 1966.
• The pan-Arab ideas of Nasser were losing legitimacy. He took a great hit to his prestige
• Israel now had the security risk of an extra 1 million Arab people inside its own borders. About 1/3 million Arabs fled to Jordan- where they were easy prey to PLO recruiters.
• The status of the new territories was problematic. Should the residents get citizen status? Could you have an Israeli/Arab Palestinian? Did Israel really want all the land- especially that with inherent ownership problems (eg the Gaza Strip)?
• Israel launched a huge settlement plan- to occupy the land won with people loyal to Israel.
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Israel before and after the six-day war 1967.
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1973 Yom Kippur War
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Egyptian soldiers cross the canal by boat
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The Golan Heights.
• With seeming success of Egyptian army, Syria invaded Israel from the North over the Golan Heights.
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1982 invasion of Lebanon
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Sabra & Shatila…
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Israel/Palestine:
Peace Process
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Parties involved in the peace process
• On the Israeli side:– Doves: Labor, Mapam & Arab parties– Hawks: Likud, Gush Emunim & Nationalist
parties– Flip-floppers: Shas– Kadima - unilateral
• On the Palestinian side:– Compromisers: The Palestinian National
Authority– Purists: Hamas & Islamic Jihad
• The United States: see October 23rd lecture• Other: EU, UN, Russia
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Overview of the peace process
• By the 1991 Madrid Conference:– Intifada– Gulf War– Demise of Soviet Union– Labor government in Israel
• 1991-93:– The issue of settlements– Rabin’s election
• 1993: Oslo I Agreement:– Mutual recognition between PLO &
Israel– 5-year program for Palestinian autonomy
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Overview of the peace process--cont
• 1994: Return of Arafat to the Occupied Territories
• 1994: Israel-Jordan peace agreement• 1995: Oslo II agreement• 1995-2000: Breakdown:
– Assassination of Rabin– Israeli practices against spirit & letter of accord– Arafat’s monopolization of power– Increased popularity and violent activity of
Hamas
• 2000-: Reversal– Election of Sharon– Second Intifada– Reinvasion of PNA territories
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OSLO II
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West Bank & Gaza
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Palestinian strategies for liberation
• Palestinian reliance on neighbors
• Palestinian self-reliance—PLO• Using neighbors’ territories—
Jordan and Lebanon• Internal resistance—the two
Intifada’s (1987-91, 2000-)• From rock throwing to suicide
bombing• Shaking off Israeli domination:
settlements, walls, confiscations & destruction, “special” taxation, roadblocks, prisons & detention, trade, feelings of inferiority, informers and fatalism.
• Negotiations
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Conceptual issues…
• Exclusivist (rejectionist) and Accommodationist-- competing claims of 2 peoples to exclusive right
of national self-determination and sovereignty on same piece of land
single-state (exclusivist b/c undermine other)
exclusivist-accommodationist trend (LT)
• Violent and non-violent (diplomatic vs. militaristic strategies for resolution)
• Positive and Negative peace-- Negative absence of war or direct violence-- Positive transformation of society w/ principles
of equality, social justice, & nonviolence
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Some of the issues…
• A bi-national state or a two-state solution? • Fixed, agreed-upon borders• Status of East Jerusalem• Jewish Settlements (land/growth)• Resource allocation (i.e. water issues)• How sovereign should the Palestinian
state be?• Fate of Palestinian refugees
(compensation/return)• Economic viability of Israel and Palestine
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Some scenarios presented previously…
• Two states for two people• Greater Israel (Palestinian transfer v.
Palestinians as citizens)• Greater Palestine (P. state w/ Jews as
citizens)• Partial autonomy – Palestine controls
civic affairs & internal security of its territories, Israel administers external security and controls land & resources
• Return to pre-Oslo situation – Israeli occupation
• Binational state on land of Palestine and Israel
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Wood carvers in Deheisheh Refugee Camp
Har Homa Settlement
Israeli Only Highway leading to settlement
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Separation Barrier