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Chapter - 001

Computer Fundamental &

History

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What is Computer?

Computer is an Electronics

Device, Which accept data,processing & give me output.

Charles Babbage is called the Father if the Computer.

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Full Form

Commonly operating

machine particularly

used for technical

educational research.

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Characteristics of Computer

Speed

Accuracy

All-rounder Versatility}

Storage

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Types of Computer Mini computer

Micro computer

Desktop Laptop

palmtop notebook

Mainframe computer

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Function of Computer

Input Processing Output

Keyboard , Mouse MicroprocessorsMonitor

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Generation of ComputersFirst Generation [1942 to 1955]

First electronic part used for this was

Vacuum tubes. Computers invented in this generation

were MARK-1, ENIVAC, EDVAC. IBM 701,IBM 702.

They contained 18000 vacuum tube,weighed more than 30 tons and occupied1500 sq.ft.

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Advantage of First Generation

They were able to performthousands of mathematicaloperations per minute.

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Disadvantages

Very expensive to built andoperate.

Used to get over - heated

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Second Generation [1954 to 1964]

Transistor were developed in1947 and implemented for

computers in 1950. They are smaller in sizecompare to V.T. [Vacuum tube]

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Advantages

Smaller in size,

Less Expensive to built, much faster & more

dependable

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Third Generation [1964 to 1975]

Basic elements of thesecomputers was IC [Integrated

Circuits]. The combine all the parts of

computers in a single silicon chip.

Mainframe & minicomputer weremade out of these parts only.

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Advantages

Smaller in size,

easier to use, fast, affordable & consumesless electricity.

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Forth Generation [1980]

This generation is already running.

These are personal computers &desktop computers used today.

Which had all the units likeALU[Arithmatic logic unit], MU[Memory unit], CU [Control unit]

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Fifth Generation [1990]

They are still in theprocess of invention having

capabilities to type as wespeak.

These will be thecomputers of the future.

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Advantages

They will be smaller

They will be work faster.

less expensive & reliable.

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Parts of computer

Hardware Software

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Hardware What is Hardware?

Hardware is a set of physicalComponents. We can seen & touch it.

E.g. CPU,Monitor,Keyboard,mouse

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Software

Software is a computerslogically parts, we can seen itbut dont touch. All types of O/S [operating system]

XP,Server 2003/2008,Vista,linux All types of software like MS office,

Nero,Tally,etc

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Computer parts

Input devices

Output devices Processing devices

storage devices Power supply

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Input Devices Any data, which is fed in thecomputer by the user, is known

as the input.

E.g. Keyboard, Mouse, Digitalcamera, Bar code reader, lightpen etc.

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Output devices

The device that gives

us the processed dataor information is

called OUTPUT.

E.g. Monitor ,printers

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Processing Devices

Processing units receive data &

instructions, Store themtemporarily and then process the

data as per the instruction given.E.g. Microprocessor

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Processing parts

Arithmetic logic unit [ALU]

Memory unit [MU] Control unit [CU]

All the three units together are known as thecentral processing unit [CPU]

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Data Data is a collection of facts, figures,statistics that can be processed toproduce meaningful information.

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File File is a collection of any data.

E.G. iant.rtf[WordPad file]iant.doc[Microsoft word File]

iant.xls [Microsoft Excel File]

iant.ppt[Microsoft PowerPoint File]iant.bmp[Mspaint file]

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DesktopThe screen of windows is called

Desktop. It is a collection of Icon, wallpaper,

taskbar etc

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Desktop

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Wallpaper

The background that

appears on the desktop iscalled wallpaper.

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Icon

Graphical symbols or

pictures that appear on thewallpaper of desktop arecalled ICON.

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Icon

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Start MenuButton which appears at thecorner of the task bar is called

start button. It prompts user to start anapplication.

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Start menu