390 33 powerpoint slides 8 building advanced vocabulary chapter 8

7/30/2019 390 33 Powerpoint Slides 8 Building Advanced Vocabulary Chapter 8

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Oxford University Press 2011

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Sanjay Kumar, Currently Associate Professor of

English at JK Lakshmipat University (JKLU), Jaipur

Pushp Lata, Currently Head, Department of Languages,

BITS, Pilani


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Chapter: 8

Building Advanced Vocabulary


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To understand importance of good vocabularyTo know the various ways to learn new words learn a largenumber of words through their roots, prefixes, suffixes, synonyms,and antonyms

To know how words can be learnt within a context by workingout some situations

To develop technical words by using them in appropriatesentences

To use phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions in an apt manner

To learn one-word substitution, homonyms, homophones, andeponyms

To differentiate between the words that are generally confused

Learning Objectives


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For every single idea , belief , emotion and sentiment we needwords.

Without words we are dumb and inexpressive like animals

At Professional front :

Our credential is our ability to use words-powerful words Also appropriate usage for good communication

Words


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Example

Ashish: What did he look like? Was he really good-looking?

Preeti: Not really! In fact, he appeared so lanky and enervated

that he even seemed gauche and emaciated.

Ashish: And even then you appreciate him so much?

Preeti: Appreciate? I feel I have started adoring that person.Ashish: He was so good? Was it only his manner that impressed

you?

Preeti: Oh no! Even the matter was quite profound. It was a

perfect blend of matter and manner, a mesmerizing mix of what

he said and how he said it.


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Meaning of the Words by Finding

Them in Other Contexts

In his earlier movies, the star appeared to be quite lanky.

His enervated face told me that he had not been keeping well.

Wilber never knew how to be graceful and always remainedgauche and clumsy.

The patient whom they brought on the wheelchair appearedquite emaciated and sick.

In times of corruption, we not only love but also adore thosewho do their duties properly.

The hungry dog pounced upon the porridge.

With profound grief, we have to announce that he is no more.

The dancer gave a mesmerizing performance.


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True or False

A lanky person is lean and thin.

An enervated body is quite supple and healthy.

If someone considers you gauche, they consider you clumsy andawkward.

An emaciated person appears sturdy and well built.

When you adore someone, you like them to the extent ofworshipping them.

When you pounce on food, you are usually quite hungry.

Something profound is superficial and non-serious.

A mesmerizing performance is quite captivating.

Note:When you see a word in different contexts and

associations, your affinity with it is likely to grow.



A simple way to define, understand, and utilize a word is by

coming to know its formation-

The root that it comes from .

Prefixes and suffixes that change not only the shape of a

word but also its shade and meaning.

Word Formation



Roots

Knowing the meaning of roots helps us to deduce thwmeaning of words encountered.

But words with same root may have distinct meaning.

Also, meaning of words changes with change in context.

Examples

An amiable person id friendly.

An amicable solution is peacefully arrived at.

An acute pain is sharp and intense.

An acerbic tone is harsh and unpleasant.

A circumspect approach is cautious and careful.

If you write with circumlocutions, you beat about thebush a lot.



When people are euphoric, they are happy and excited about

something. When you eulogize someone, you praise him/her.

A culpable crime is one that calls for punishment.

This is how we can associate the words with their roots:

Root Meaning Words

am Love, friendliness Amiable, Amicable

ac Sharpness Acute ,Acerbic

circ Around Circumspect, Circumlocutions

eu Good Euphoric, Eulogize

Culp Punish Culpable, Inculpate, Exculpate

Contd



Certain beginning or endings can add to meaning or change

meaning of the existing word. Along with roots ,suffixes and prefixes also help us to deduce

meaning of a word.

Examples

In sane insane

Prefix Root word New word

Prefixes and Suffixes



Achieve Able Achievable

Root word Suffix New word

Various types of suffixes and prefixes

Depending on the impact on the meaning of word we

categorize suffixes and prefixes

Example:

Negative prefix- IN: IN+ Sufficient = Insufficient

(not sufficient)

Noun Suffix- NESS: Kind+ Ness = Kindness

Adverbial suffix- LY: Loud +Ly =Loudly

Adjective suffix- ful : Mind + Ful =Mindful

Contd



SYN

Greek word for together

ONYM Greek word for name

Synonym word or expression that has almost the same

meaning as another word or expression

In English almost all words have synonymsExample

WORD Synonyms

Enormous Big ,Huge , Massive ,Gaint , Immense

See Watch , Observe , notice , spot, evisage

Synonyms



Word which has the opposite meaning to a particular word or

Negative connotation of a particular word

Examples

Sometimes by removing the prefix, we can get the word opposite

in meaning.

Examples

IgnobleNoble InfallibleFallible

IncorrigibleCorrigible InterminableTerminable

ImpertinentPertinent InextricableExtricable

WORD Antonyms

Like hate, dislike, detest, loathe, despise, abominate

Sharp blunt, dull, even, moderate, blurred, dim, slow

Antonyms



Its important to know formation of words.

It is all the more important to understand how to use themi.e. how to use the right word at the right place indifferent situations.

Learning Words Through

Situations



Situation

When you grow from childhood to adolescence, there arenumerous complexities that confront you. You are neither achild nor a man. Parents chide you for being petulant andadmonish you for pretending to be a savant. At times yoursuggestions are brushed aside as nave ideas and on otheroccasions your hopes are seen as chimerical and fanciful.

In the above situation some of the words used are:-

Numerous things are in large number.

When you confront a situation, you face it.

When someone chides you, they scold you.

A petulant person is the one who behaves in a childishmanner.

Example



Homonymsare distinct words that have the same form.Examples

Bank (where money is deposited)

Bank (of a river)

Homophonesare distinct words that are spelled differently but

pronounced alike or sound alike.

Examples

Why dont you write to us?

You have no right to speak to me like that?

Homonyms and Homophones


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Besides homonyms and homophones, there are a large number

of words that are confused with one another.Examples

1. Ghastly (causing fear): After the bomb blast, the site looked

ghastly.

Ghostly (relating to ghosts): Dont narrate ghostly stories, they

scare me.

2. Ordinance (law, bill): A new ordinance is likely to be passed in

the parliamentary session.

Ordnance (military supplies): The ordnance factory was blown

away by the rebels.

3. Fare (travel charges): I was reimbursed the train fare.

Fair (just): Be fair to others.

Words often Confused


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A single word can be used to express an idea concisely.

It provides the precision that lends brevity and exactness to our

expression

Examples

Expression Word

A person who believes in God Theist

The short remaining part of a cigarette Stub

A tendency to favor ones relatives Nepotism

Someones life history written by another person BiographySomeones life history written by himself Autobiography

Impulsive stealing Kleptomania

One Word Situation


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Phrasal verbs lends a communicative and interactive touch to apersons expression.

phrasal verbs essentially express the notion in action.

Many phrasal verbs are used in similar and closely connected

ideas ,so a lot of confusion occurs over the choice of the best

phrasal verb in a particular situation.

Phrasal Verbs


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1. Though we have sorted out our differences, she still keeps

___________ me, Marx said dolefully.

(a) Going with (d) Going on

(b) Going at (e) None of the above

(c) Going for

Key: The context here suggests that despite the reconcil iation,

someone keeps attacking the speaker. Hence, the optiongoing for

f i ts the context. To go at something is to work on that with great

enthusiasm. When yougo with something, you support that.

Something thatgoes on continues to happen over a per iod of time.

Example


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Add to ones style the warmth, intensity, and a personal tingewhich is an essential feature of an emphatic and effective

expression.

Examples

1. Jump bail: Run away while being tried in court

He was on parole but he jumped bail and was never traced.

2.Spill the beans: Tell everything

When the police exerted a little more force, the thief spilled

the beans.

Idiomatic Expressions


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Number of words are particular to that subject or field of

knowledge i.e. they refers to different meaning in different workfields.

It is crucial that you possess the technical vocabulary to be ableto communicate the nuances of your own field of study andinterest.

Examples Laser beamsMost laser beams are just beams of light but

they have properties that distinguish them from ordinarylight.

BladeAfter you push down on the arm of the hand-heldstapler, the top-leaf spring raises the blade from the

magazine, and the magazine and base move apart. OxymoronAn oxymoron combines two terms that are

normally contradictory to each other such as pleasantnightmare, living death.

Developing Technical Vocabulary


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Terms or names given to a particular place, tribe, era,discovery, or situation.

Usually such terms and names emanate from some historical

characters, mythological figures, or legendary or fictional

characters.

Generally used to convey the mystery, perplexity, controversy,

or any other peculiarity about a person, place, or situation

Eponyms


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Word/Term Meaning and Background Usage

Achilles heel

(Achillesfrom

TROY(Brad

Pitt))

A term used to describe the

vulnerable point on the body of an

otherwise invulnerable Achilles, thestrongest Greek warrior in the

Trojan War. The legend suggests

that by dipping the infant Achilles

into the river Styx, his mother had

made him invulnerable. However,the infant Achilles heel, by which

he was held by his mother,

remained a vulnerable spot on his

body where he was hit by Prince

Paris with a poisoned arrow

Despite all

the professed

preparationfor the

Cricket World

Cup, the

toothless pace

attack mayturn out to be

the Indian

teams

Achilles heel.

Example


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O f d U i it P 2011

Thank You!!!

390 33 powerpoint slides 8 building advanced vocabulary chapter 8

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