3990 (2): 259 271 article zootaxa · 1department of zoology, aligarh muslim university, aligarh 202...

Accepted by G. Gibson: 3 Jul. 2015; published: 24 Jul. 2015

ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press

Zootaxa 3990 (2): 259–271

www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

Article

259

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3990.2.6

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F4BE150-C365-44EC-BC68-5C22B2A76A34

Description of four new species of brachypterous Encyrtidae

(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India

MOHAMMAD HAYAT1,3

& KAMALANATHAN VEENAKUMARI2

1

Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India

2

National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, India

3

Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Four new brachypterous species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are described. These are: Astymachus exi-

mius Hayat, sp. nov., Ixodiphagus aethes Hayat, sp. nov., Monstranusia brachyptera Hayat, sp. nov., Ooencyrtus notialis

Hayat, sp. nov. Brachyptery in the genera Astymachus Howard and Monstranusia Trjapitzin is reported for the first time.

Key words: Astymachus, Ixodiphagus, Monstranusia, Ooencyrtus, new brachypterous species

Introduction

Keys to genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) dealing with both macropterous and brachypterous

forms have been published by Prinsloo & Annecke (1979, Afrotropical genera), Noyes (1980, Neotropical genera),

Noyes & Hayat (1984, Indo-Pacific genera), Noyes (1988, New Zealand genera), Trjapitzin (1989, Palaearctic

genera), Noyes & Hayat (1994, genera of Oriental anagyrine Encyrtidae), Noyes et al. (1997, Nearctic genera),

Zhang & Huang (2004, Chinese genera), and Hayat (2006, Indian genera). In a more recent paper on brachypterous

species of encyrtids from India, Hayat et al. (2013) stated that in this family brachypterous species or species with

both brachypterous and macropterous forms are known in 94 genera. Hayat & F.R. Khan (2015) added one more

brachypterous genus. The present paper is a continuation of our contributions to the brachypterous encyrtids from

India. We describe four new species in the genera Astymachus Howard, Ixodiphagus Howard, Monstranusia

Trjapitzin, and Ooencyrtus Ashmead. The occurrence of brachyptery in Astymachus and Monstranusia is recorded

for the first time. Including the new species described here, the total number of brachypterous species in Encyrtidae

known from India is twenty-five.

Methods

Hayat (2006) is followed for terminology except for the use of the terms mesosoma for the thorax plus propodeum,

and metasoma for the petiole plus gaster. Only body lengths are given in millimetres; other measurements are

relative, taken from the divisions of a linear scale of a micrometer placed in the eye piece of a stereozoom

binocular microscope at 10× Zoom 8 (one micrometer division = 0.01234 mm) for carded specimens, and placed in

the eye piece of a compound microscope either at 100× magnification (one micrometer division = 0.00987 mm) or

at 400× magnification (one micrometer division = 0.0025 mm), as noted in the text, for slide-mounted parts.

The following abbreviations are used in the text:

AOL = Minimum distance between a posterior ocellus and the anterior ocellus.

F1, F2, etc. = Funicle segments 1, 2, etc.

HAYAT & VEENAKUMARI260 · Zootaxa 3990 (2) © 2015 Magnolia Press

(MT) = Malaise Trap. (This abbreviation and YPT, placed in parentheses, are used in “Material examined” to

indicate the method used for collecting the specimens.)

OCL = Minimum distance between a posterior ocellus and the occipital margin.

OOL = Minimum distance between a posterior ocellus and the corresponding eye margin.

POL = Minimum distance between the posterior ocelli.

TI, TII, etc. = Tergites 1, 2, etc. of gaster.

(YPT) = Yellow Pan Trap.

The following acronyms are used for the depositories:

NBAIR National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India. [Formerly ‘National Bureau of

Agriculturally Important Insects’.]

ZDAMU Insect Collections, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Genus Astymachus Howard

The genus Astymachus contains five world species (Noyes 2015), all are macropterous. The new species described

here is brachypterous. Therefore, it will not key correctly to genus using any key dealing with brachypterous forms,

but it would key correctly to Astymachus if the specimens are taken through keys as if it had full wings (e.g. Noyes

& Hayat 1984; Trjapitzin 1989; Hayat 2006).

1. Astymachus eximius Hayat, sp. nov.

(Figs 1–10)

Body colour was noted from card mounted specimens. After clearing and mounting on slides in Canada balsam, the

brown or pale brown colour has faded.

Female. Holotype. Length (from slide), 1.27 mm. Head pale yellow; frontovertex, in card mounted specimen,

with two broad longitudinal pale brown bands; occiput and malar space pale brown. Antenna with scape yellow;

pedicel yellow, upper surface brown; funicle yellow to pale brownish yellow; clava brown. Mesosoma yellow;

mesoscutum and scutellum each with two pale brown diffuse bands. Fore wing rudiment infuscate (Fig. 5); hind

wing hyaline. Legs yellow. Metasoma yellow; TI–TV each with a narrow, pale brown cross-band (Fig. 1); exserted

part of ovipositor sheaths dark brown.

Head (Fig. 9) dorsal width 1.75× as broad as median length; frontovertex width 0.5× head width; vertex with 3

longitudinal pale lines/grooves, meeting in front of anterior ocellus; ocellar triangle with apical angle acute; AOL

1.36× POL; OOL 0.5× POL, and 2.2× OCL; head, in frontal view (Fig. 10), with a slightly curved groove

connecting toruli, and 3 grooves—one median and two lateral, with each lateral groove extending from mouth

margin and ending below torulus; inter-torular distance slightly greater than torulus mouth-margin distance; head

dorsum and face with fine reticulation (Figs 9, 10); setae short, hyaline, except a longer seta on each side between

eye margin and posterior ocellus; eye setose, setae hyaline, and each seta shorter than a facet; occiput with setae on

each side of foramen (Fig. 9). Maxillary palp 3-segmented, labial palp 2-segmented (Fig. 10). Antenna (Figs 1, 4)

with scape 3.8× as long as broad; pedicel slightly more than 0.5× scape length, and slightly longer than F1–F3

combined; funicle segments all transverse; F1 longer ventrally than dorsally, and narrower (0.87×) than F2; F2–F5

subequal in length, and 1.9× to 2.2× as broad as long; F6 large, 2.18× as long as F5, and 1.41× as broad as long;

clava about 2× as long as broad, slightly longer than preceding five segments combined; clava with a single, very

fine, incomplete suture. Relative measurements (holotype, slide at 100×)—head dorsal width, 28; head dorsal

length (excluding upper occiput which is seen in slide mount), 16; frontovertex width, 14; antennal scape length,

9.5.

Mesosoma (Figs 2, 3). Pronotum long, 1.23× as long as mesoscutum and 2.29× as broad as long; mesoscutum

3.16× as broad as long; scutellum 1.58× as broad as long, without circular sensilla (one circular sensillum in one

paratype); sculpture and setation as in Fig. 2; mesoscutum with 16 setae; scutellum with 13 setae; propodeum

Zootaxa 3990 (2) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 261BRACHYPTEROUS ENCYRTIDAE FROM INDIA

medially very narrow, about one-tenth scutellum length, but laterally expanded; propodeal spiracle equidistant

from both margins. Fore wing (Fig. 5) extending to about basal third of TI of gaster; right fore wing 2.43× and left

fore wing (Fig. 5) 2.3× as long as broad; hind wing (Fig. 6) 3.18× as long as broad, and 0.55× right fore wing

length. Mid tibia 4× as long as mid basitarsus. Relative measurements (holotype)—(at 100×) mesosoma length, 27.

(at 400×) pronotum length (width), 37 (85); mesoscutum length (width), 30 (95); scutellum length (width), 31 (49);

propodeum median length, 3; mid tibia length, 67; mid basitarsus length, 17; mid tibial spur length, 16.

Metasoma (Fig. 1), on slide, 2.85× as long as mesosoma; exserted part of ovipositor 0.17× metasoma length;

petiole large, rectangular, located in space between lateral expanded parts of propodeum (Fig. 3); second valvifer

1.34× as long as third valvula. [Ovipositor 2.97× as long as mid tibia.]

FIGURES 1–8. Astymachus eximius Hayat, sp. nov. Female: holotype, except Figs 7 and 8 from paratype: 1, body, dorsal

view; 2, thorax; 3, metanotum, propodeum and petiole, 4, antenna; 5, fore wing; 6, hind wing; 7, fore wing (slide No.

EH.1799); 8, hind wing, slide No. EH.1799).


FIGURES 9, 10. Astymachus eximius Hayat, sp. nov. Female: 9, head dorsal view, holotype; 10, head frontal view, paratype

(slide, No. EH.1802).

Variation. The three paratypes show some variation in the number of setae on the mesoscutum and scutellum,

length and width of the fore wing and hind wing, relative lengths of the ovipositor (= second valvifer plus third

valvula) and mid tibia, and the relative lengths of the second valvifer and third valvula. The body length in the three

paratypes are: 1.15 mm, 1.23 mm, and 1.3 mm. The setae on mesoscutum and scutellum in two paratypes (the third

paratype is mounted with the venter facing upwards, and hence not possible to count the setae) are 16 and 21 on

mesoscutum, and 14 and 18 on scutellum. In one paratype (slide, EH.1799) the fore wing extends to about basal

half of TII of gaster and is of a different shape and venation (Fig. 7) from that of the holotype; the right fore wing

2.61× (Fig. 7) and left fore wing 2.77× as long as broad; right hind wing 5.16× (Fig. 8) and left hind wing 4.75× as

long as broad. The ovipositor in the three paratypes is 2.76×, 2.86× and 3.06× as long as mid tibia; and second

valvifer 1.28×, 1.42× and 1.5× as long as third valvula.

Male. Unknown.


Material examined. Holotype, ♀ (on slide under 2 coverslips, slide No. EH.1801), labelled “INDIA:

KARNATAKA: Chikkaballapur, Nandi Hills, 27.xii.2014 (YPT), Coll. K. Veenakumari” (NBAIR, registration No.

ICAR/NBAIR/EN.39)

Paratypes: 3 ♀ (on 3 slides, Nos. EH.1799, EH.1800, EH.1802), with data same as holotype. (1 ♀, slide

EH.1800, in NBAIR, registration No. ICAR/NBAIR/EN.40; 2 ♀, in ZDAMU, registration No. HYM.CH.721).

Distribution. India: Karnataka.

Etymology. Latin, eximius = uncommon, exceptional; and refers to the uncommon occurrence of brachyptery

in this genus.

Comments. This is the first record of a brachypterous species in Astymachus Howard. The new species differs

from all the five known macropterous species, not only in having very short wings, but also in having the maxillary

palp 3-segmented, and labial palp 2-segmented, and in the presence of 5 brown cross-bands on tergites 1–5 of the

gaster. The gaster is yellow or with various brown suffusions but without any brown cross-bands, and the palp

formula is either 4–3 or 4–2 in the macropterous species (see Trjapitzin 1962; Prinsloo 1989; Sugonyaev 1996;

Singh & Hayat 2005). The figure given by Hayat (2006: fig. 347) is that of a labial palp of A. felix Singh & Hayat,

not of the maxillary palp.

Genus Ixodiphagus Howard

The genus Ixodiphagus contains 14 world species (Noyes 2015), all of which are macropterous, except for I.

taiaroaensis Heath & Cane (2010), which is brachypterous. The new species described here is peculiar, with large

pronotum, short and transverse mesoscutum, very short fore wings, and was initially considered as probably

belonging to an undescribed (new) genus. However, detailed study and the opinion of Dr. J.S. Noyes, led to its

identification as a species of Ixodiphagus. This newly described species would not key correctly to genus in any

key to brachypterous forms, but it would key correctly to Ixodiphagus if the species is taken through keys as if it is

macropterous (e.g. Noyes & Hayat 1984; Trjapitzin 1989; Noyes et al. 1997; Hayat 2006).

2. Ixodiphagus aethes Hayat, sp. nov.

(Figs 11–16)

Female. Holotype. Length, 0.9 mm Head dark brown. Antenna with scape brownish yellow, upper surface and

lower margin brown; pedicel brownish yellow, upper surface brown; funicle yellow; clava brown. Mesosoma dark

brown; metanotum and propodeum brown; tegula dark brown. Fore wing rudiment dark brown (Fig. 16). Legs with

coxae black; trochanters whitish; femora and tibiae dark brown; all tarsi with segments 1–4 yellow to brownish

yellow, last segment brown. Gaster black. Head, dorsum of pro- and mesothorax, and gaster densely hairy (Figs

11–14)

Head (Figs 11, 13) dorsum very slightly convex; occipital margin sharp and concave; head 2.07× as broad as

median length; frontovertex broad, 0.74× head width, or head width 1.35× as broad as frontovertex width; anterior

margin of frons medially concave; eye posteriorly separated from occipital margin by about diameter of two facets;

ocelli very small, difficult to see in the densely punctate frontovertex, but apparently ocellar triangle with apical

angle strongly obtuse; posterior ocellus nearer to eye margin than to occipital margin (ca. OOL, 1.5; OCL, 2); head,

in frontal view, 1.68× as broad as high; antennal torulus with lower margin in line with lower margin of eye; torulus

placed higher on head, separated from mouth margin by a distance 1.42× inter-torular distance (10:7); scrobes

inverted V-shaped, with margins sharp; head, in profile, subtriangular, with eye longer than high (10:7); malar

space greater than eye height (10:7); frontovertex finely reticulate, with deep, circular, setigerous punctures,

separated by about their own diameters; facial region and malar space reticulate; head densely setose, setae long,

largely off-white, but some pale brown, with 4 long setae along occipital margin each about twice length of other

setae; eye setose, setae brown, each seta as long as a facet diameter. Antenna (Figs 12, 14, 15) [left antenna lost]

with scape flattened and expanded beneath, with upper margin rounded, 1.5× as long as broad; pedicel slightly

longer than F1–F3 combined; funicle segments all transverse; F1 slightly broader than F2; F2–F6 gradually

increasing in width; F2 onwards with eccentric articulation, and each ventrally longer than dorsally; clava with first


segment distinctly separated from second segment; third segment obliquely truncate, truncate part as long as dorsal

lengths of second and third segments combined; clava as long as F2–F6 combined. Relative measurements

(holotype, on card)—head dorsal width, 27; head dorsal length, 13; frontovertex width, 20; head frontal height, 16;

eye height (head in profile), 7; malar space, 10; antennal scape length (width), 9 (6); pedicel length, 5; funicle

length, 8; clava length, 7.

FIGURES 11, 12. Ixodiphagus aethes Hayat, sp. nov. Female: holotype: 11, body, dorsal; 12, body, lateral.

Mesosoma (Figs 11, 13) 0.71× gaster length; pronotum rectangular, 2.33× as broad as long and 1.8× as long as

mesoscutum; mesoscutum 4.6× as broad as long, and slightly more than half length of scutellum; scutellum 1.6× as

broad as long; propodeum very narrow in middle half; pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum with raised reticulate

sculpture and deep, circular setigerous punctures, each separated from other punctures by slightly more than its

own diameter; setigerous punctures on scutellum arranged in 10 longitudinal lines; setae on pronotum and

mesoscutum off-white, with a line of 4 long, pale brown setae along posterior margin of mesoscutum; scutellum

with setae pale brown, arranged in 10 longitudinal lines. Fore wing rudiment a subtriangular plate (Fig. 16),

reaching posteriorly to basal third of TI of gaster. Legs short and robust; coxae with several long white setae; tibiae

with prominent bristle-like setae, each arising from a small tubercle. Relative measurements (holotype, on card)—

mesosoma length, 25; pronotum length (width), 9 (21); mesoscutum length (width), 5 (23); scutellum length

(width), 10 (16).

Metasoma (Figs 11, 12). Gaster with TI distinctly longer than following four tergites individually; tergites

reticulate, with minute, setigerous punctures; setae about as follows: TI with 3 transverse lines; TII–TVI each with

a single line of setae; TVII with several setae; hypopygium extending to 0.71× gaster length (Fig. 12).

Male. Unknown.


FIGURES 13–16. Ixodiphagus aethes Hayat, sp. nov. Female: holotype: 13, head and mesosoma, dorsal; 14, head and part of

mesosoma, latero-ventral view; 15, antenna; 16, fore wing.

Material examined. Holotype, ♀ (on card, with left fore wing on slide, No. EH.1778; left antenna lost),

labelled “INDIA: TAMIL NADU: Dindigul, Shembaganur, 2.iv.2014 (MT), Coll. K. Veenakumari” (NBAIR,

registration No. ICAR/NBAIR/EN.41)

Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu.

Etymology. Greek, aethes = unusual, curious; refers to the unusual habitus and the large, rectangular

pronotum.

Comments. This new brachypterous species is not at all similar to either the brachypterous species (I.

taiaroaensis) from New Zealand, or to the other macropterous species. It differs from all the species by the

following combination of characters: pronotum rectangular, 1.8× as long as mesoscutum; mesoscutum transverse,

4.6× as broad as long; frontovertex with deep, circular, setigerous punctures, each separated by about its own

diameter from others; pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum with similar setigerous punctures, separated by

slightly more than their own diameters, and those on scutellum arranged in 10 longitudinal lines; fore wing short,

subtriangular, with apex reaching to basal third of TI of gaster; antenna with scape flattened, 1.5× as long as broad;


funicle segments transverse, F2 onwards with eccentric articulation; first segment of clava distinctly separated

from second segment; head, pronotum, mesonotum and gaster densely setose; tibiae of all legs with long, bristle-

like setae, each arising from a small tubercle.

Genus Monstranusia Trjapitzin

The genus Monstranusia contains only two species (Noyes 2015), M. antennata (Narayanan 1960) and M.

mirabilissima Trjapitzin (1964), both macropterous and possibly synonymous (Noyes & Hayat 1994). The new

species described here is brachypterous, and does not run correctly to genus in the keys dealing with brachypterous

forms, but it would key correctly to Monstranusia if the specimen was taken through keys as if it had full wings

(e.g. Prinsloo & Annecke 1979; Noyes & Hayat 1984, 1994; Trjapitzin 1989; Hayat 2006).

3. Monstranusia brachyptera Hayat, sp. nov.

(Figs 18–23)

Female. Holotype. Length, 1.11 mm Brachypterous form (Fig. 18). Head yellow; vertex with a dark brown band

behind each posterior ocellus, which meets with a brown band on each side of occipital foramen; frontovertex and

face with two narrow brown to dark brown bands, each beginning above torulus and ending at posterior ocellus,

and with a transverse band at posterior ocelli connecting these two longitudinal bands; from toruli to mouth margin

and malar space dark brown (Fig. 19); occiput on each side of foramen with a brown band that extends ventrally;

temple with a narrow brown band continuing behind eye and extending ventrally to three-fifths eye height (Fig.

18). Antenna brown, gradually becoming dark brown from F2 onwards, with only third segment of clava white in

about apical half. Mesosoma dark brown, medially with a narrow, white longitudinal band from apex of pronotum

to near apex of scutellum (Fig. 20), interrupted by a brown transverse band at level of scuto-scutellar suture;

scutellum with a narrow yellow U-shaped band on sides and apex; tegula brown; mesopleuron brown; metapleuron

dark brown. Fore wing rudiment infuscate, medially hyaline (Fig. 22); hind wing hyaline, lightly infuscate basally

and apically (Fig. 23). Legs, including coxae, white, except as follows: fore and mid tarsal segments 1–4 yellow to

pale brownish yellow, fifth segment dark brown; hind coxa in basal half brown, apical half white; hind femur

whitish with base and apex slightly infuscate brown; hind tibia basally pale yellowish brown, becoming whitish

apically; tarsal segments 1 and 2 yellow, 3 brownish yellow, 4 brown and 5 dark brown. Metasoma with petiole

brownish yellow; gaster dark brown.

Head, subprognathous, higher than broad; head, in dorsal view, with frontovertex 0.43× head width; ocelli

small; ocellar triangle with apical angle a right angle; POL:OOL:OCL:AOL, 5:1:2.5:4; head, in frontal view (Fig.

19), 1.34× as high as broad; eye height 3× malar space; head with silvery white setae. Antenna (Fig. 21) flattened;

scape slightly longer than head width, 0.83× head height, and 2.46× as long as broad; pedicel triangular, short; F1

as long as broad, 2.72× as long as pedicel, and 1.36× as long as F2; F1–F5 subequal in width; F2–F5 gradually, but

slightly decreasing in length; F6 distinctly shorter and narrower than F5; clava 1.52× as long as broad, and very

slightly longer than F5 and F6 combined. Relative measurements (holotype, on card)—head dorsal width, 23;

frontovertex width, 10; head frontal height, 31; eye height (head in profile), 24; malar space, 8; antennal scape

length, 26.

Mesosoma (Fig. 20) slightly longer than metasoma (41:39); pronotum slightly longer than mesoscutum and

1.3× as broad as long; mesoscutum 1.58× as broad as long; scutellum 1.47× as long as broad; propodeum median

length 0.24× scutellum length; setae on thorax short, pale brown; apical pair of scutellar setae detached. Fore wing

(Fig. 22) 4.14× as long as broad; hind wing (Fig. 23) 5.14× as long as broad. Relative measurements (holotype)—

pronotum length (width), 13 (17); mesoscutum length (width), 12 (19); scutellum length (width), 12.5 (8.5);

propodeum median length, 3.

Metasoma (Fig. 18). Hypopygium extending to apex of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype, ♀ (on card, with right antenna and right wings on slide, No. EH.1780), labelled

“INDIA: KARNATAKA: Hessaraghatta, Fisheries Div[ision]., 26.iii.2014 (YPT), Coll. K. Veenakumari” (NBAIR,

registration No. ICAR/NBAIR/EN.42).


Distribution. India: Karnataka.

Etymology. Greek, brachys = short, pteron = wing; refers to the short wings in this species.

FIGURES 17, 18. (17) Monstranusia antennata (Narayanan). Female, Odisha specimen: body, dorsal. (18) Monstranusia

brachyptera Hayat, sp. nov. Female: holotype: body, lateral view.

Comments. This is the first record of brachyptery in Monstranusia Trjapitzin. This new species, excluding the

short wings, is similar to the Indian species, M. antennata (Narayanan), but differs mainly as follows: two

longitudinal brown to dark brown bands on frontovertex and face connected by a transverse band at level of

posterior ocelli (Fig. 19); median longitudinal white band beginning at anterior end of pronotum and ending

slightly anterior to apex of scutellum narrow throughout its length; scutellum with a narrow, U-shaped yellow band

along margins (Fig. 20); median length of pronotum slightly greater than median length of mesoscutum. In M.

antennata: two longitudinal brown to dark brown bands on frontovertex and face connected at level of anterior

ocellus by a transverse pale brown to dark brown band (Fig. 17); median longitudinal white band beginning at

anterior end of pronotum and ending at apex of scutellum gradually becoming wider towards apex; scutellum

without a U-shaped yellow band along margins (Fig. 17); median length of pronotum distinctly less than that of

mesoscutum (median length of pronotum 0.76× mesoscutum length, in a slide-mounted mesosoma, and 0.86×


mesoscutum length in a card-mounted specimen from Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, not illustrated). See Noyes & Hayat

(1994) for diagnosis and figures of this species.

FIGURES 19–23. Monstranusia brachyptera Hayat, sp. nov. Female: holotype: 19, head, frontal view; 20, head and

mesosoma, dorsal view; 21, antenna; 22, fore wing; 23, hind wing.

Genus Ooencyrtus Ashmead

The genus Ooencyrtus contains 300 species (Noyes 2015), all macropterous, except five species that are either

brachypterous or exist in both macropterous and brachypterous forms. The new brachypterous species can be

identified to its correct genus by using any of the keys given for identification of the encyrtid genera.

4. Ooencyrtus notialis Hayat, sp. nov.

(Figs 24–31)

Female. Holotype. Length, 0.74 mm. Body completely dark brown to nearly black, hardly shiny. Antenna with

radicle brown; scape pale yellow; pedicel yellow, dorsally brown; funicle pale brownish yellow; clava dark brown.

Mesosoma with mesoscutum with faint violet shine. Fore wing rudiment infuscate (Fig. 27); hind wing rudiment

hyaline, apically slightly infuscate pale brown (Fig. 28). Legs, including all coxae, dark brown; fore tibia in basal

half brown, distal half yellow; mid tibia largely yellow with basal third or so brown; hind femur yellowish brown;

hind tibia yellow; tarsal segments 1–4 of all legs yellow, and last segment brown. Third valvula dark brown.

Head, in dorsal view, 2× as broad as long; frontovertex 0.25× head width; ocellar triangle with apical angle

slightly acute; posterior ocellus very close to margin of eye, and about half the diameter of an ocellus to occipital

margin; head, in frontal view (Fig. 24) rounded, 1.07× as broad as high; mouth fossa 1.46× as broad as frontovertex

width; antennal torulus height slightly more than torulus mouth-margin distance; eye height 1.5× malar space;


frontovertex with slightly raised to fine, polygonal reticulate sculpture, and with minute, sparse setigerous

punctures; face with fine, irregular, slightly transversely-elongate reticulate sculpture; malar space with

longitudinally-elongate reticulate sculpture; setae on head pale brown; those on frontovertex appear hyaline in

some light; eye with hyaline setae, each seta nearly as long as a facet diameter. Mandible with 3 teeth, median and

dorsal teeth rounded. Maxillary palp 2-segmented; labial palp 1-segmented (Fig. 25). Antenna (Fig. 26) with scape

at least about 6× as long as broad, and 2× as long as frontovertex width; pedicel as long as F1–F3 combined; F1–F4

each smaller than F5, and each quadrate to slightly broader than long; F6 slightly longer than F5, both quadrate;

clava with apex transversely truncate, as long as F2–F6 combined. Relative measurements (holotype, slide, at

100×)—head frontal width, 29; head frontal height, 27; frontovertex width, 7.5; mouth fossa width, 11; eye height,

18; malar space, 12; antennal scape length, 15.

Mesosoma (Fig. 29). Mesoscutum with slightly raised, irregular, polygonal reticulate sculpture; scutellum

nearly smooth, with some very fine reticulation in about anterior half; scutellum with circular sensilla located in

anterior third of scutellum; scutellum with 11 (5 + 6) setae; propodeum distal to spiracle with 4 silvery white setae.

Fore wing (Fig. 27) 2.23× as long as broad, and extending at most to basal half of TI of gaster; hind wing (Fig. 28)

3.5× as long as broad. Mid tibia 3.62× as long as mid basitarsus; mid basitarsus 1.28× as long as mid tibial spur.

Relative measurements (holotype, slide, at 400×)—mid tibia length, 102; mid basitarsus length, 27; mid tibial spur

length, 21.

FIGURES 24–31. Ooencyrtus notialis Hayat, sp. nov. Female: holotype: 24, head, frontal view; 25, mouth region showing

palps; 26, antenna; 27, fore wing; 28, hind wing; 29, mesosoma; 30, apical tergites of gaster and ovipositor; 31, hypopygium.


Metasoma 1.28× as long as mesosoma; hypopygium with a median posterior projection (Fig. 31) that nearly

extends to apex of gaster; second valvifer 4.25× as long as third valvula; TVII and ovipositor as in Fig. 30. Relative

measurements (holotype, slide, at 400×)—TVII length (width), measured between cercal plates, 57 (90); ovipositor

length, 84; third valvula length, 16. [Ovipositor 0.82× mid tibia length; third valvula 0.59× mid basitarsus length,

and 0.76× mid tibial spur length.]

Variation. The paratype is smaller in size, body length 0.68 mm. There is some slight variation in some

characters. The number of setae on scutellum are 8, and only 2 setae on each side of the propodeum distal to

spiracles. The ovipositor 0.95× mid tibia length and second valvifer 5× as long as third valvula. The relative

lengths of third valvula, mid basitarsus and mid tibial spur are, however, about the same as in the holotype: third

valvula 0.56× mid basitarsus length and 0.77× mid tibial spur length.

Male. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype, ♀ (on slide under 5 coverslips, slide No. EH.1803), labelled “INDIA:

KARNATAKA: Chikkaballapur, Nandi Hills, 27.xii.2014 (YPT), Coll. K. Veenakumari” (NBAIR, registration No.

ICAR/NBAIR/EN.43)

Paratype: 1 ♀ (on slide under 4 coverslips, slide No. EH.1771): INDIA: TAMIL NADU: Salem, Yercaud,

23.vii.2014 (YPT), Coll. K. Veenakumari. (ZDAMU, registration No. HYM.CH.722).

Distribution. India: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.

Etymology. Latin, notialis = southern, because the types were collected in the southern States of India.

Comments. This new species, although brachypterous, is clearly similar to Ooencyrtus flavipes (Timberlake

1920) (see Huang & Noyes 1994: figs 94–102) and O. daphne Huang & Noyes (1994: figs 89–93), and belongs to

a small group of Ooencyrtus species [flavipes species-group, as inferred by Huang & Noyes 1994: p. 34]. It differs

from both these species in having the head, in frontal view, almost rounded; and the number of segments of the

maxillary and labial palps are 2 and 1 respectively. The number of segments in the maxillary and labial palps are 4

and 2 respectively, in O. flavipes, as given by Timberlake (1920) and 2 and 2 in O. daphne as informed by Dr. J.S.

Noyes (per. comm.. 28.4.2015). The head, in frontal view, in both these species, is not rounded, but subquadratic,

as is normal for the genus. For O. flavipes, see Huang & Noyes (1994: figs 94 and 95).

Acknowledgements

M. Hayat thanks the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, and the National Co-ordinator of the

Network Project on Insect Biosystematics, for financial assistance. He also thanks the Aligarh Muslim University,

and the Chairman, Department of Zoology, for providing research facilities. K. Veenakumari is grateful to the

Director, NBAIR, Bengaluru, for encouragement. We thank Dr. J.S. Noyes, Natural History Museum, London, for

help as noted in the text, and for providing photocopies of some papers not available to us. We thank the unknown

reviewer for the useful comments and Dr. G.A.P. Gibson, for his suggestions which helped in its improvement.

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