39a - explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors, including Zheng He, Vasco DaGama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Samuel de Champlain

39b - define the Columbian Exchange and its global economic and cultural impact

39c - explain the role of the improved technology in European exploration including the astrolabe

The Age of Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion

What were the motivations of early explorers?How did these motivations open up the world

as we know it today?

Essential Question (19.1)

Think about the still unexplored areas on our planet and in the Universe… why do we want to explore them? What is the benefit to mankind?

With an elbow partner, discuss… we will share this in 2 minutes…

GO!!!!

Activator

Introduction

How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?

How about the Crusades?

Making Connections

But why?Luxury goods from Asia

SpicesWhy spices?

Traditional trade routes took a long timeHow do you think they got from Europe to the

East?

Europeans seek new trades routes

God, Glory and Gold!God, Glory and Gold!God, Glory and Gold!

Bartolomeu Dias“To serve God and His majesty, to give light to

those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”

Another motivation… Christianity

The caravelMade it possible to sale against the windSturdierTriangular sails from Arabs

Better navigational techniquesThe Astrolabe

Technology to make it possible

The Astrolabe

Prince HenrySon of Portugal's KingWished to spread ChristianitySet up trade routes down the West Coast of

AfricaSlaves

Portugal leads the way…

1488 – Dias and his crew sailed down the coast of Africa to what is now known as the Cape of Good Hope

After storm, Dias realized they were on the other side

Bartolomeu Dias

In 1498, Da Gama reached IndiaThe first European to do soThe 27,000 mile journey had given Portugal a

direct route to Indiahttp://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_surve

y05/secured/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/whs05_019_534.html

Vasco Da Gama

Zheng HeUsed the magnetic compass to help navigate by

finding direction; made navigation more exactThe compass also helped European explorers

Explored to show Chinese superiorityExpeditions were cancelled because Chinese

officials though that they wasted valuable resources (cost too much)

Chinese Explorer

Zheng He

You have 2 minutes… starting now!

WORD VOMIT…. List as many things you know about Christopher columbus as possible….

Italian sea captainHis mission was funded by Spain

Find a sea route to India by sailing westShort-term impact: Increase tensions

between Spain and PortugalLong-term impact: Opened up the new world

to European settlers

In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the oceans blue…

Christopher Columbus

What was Bartolomeu Dias the first to do?What was Vasco da Gama the first to do?

Review

Portugal believed Columbus had reached AsiaThey believed Spain may have claimed lands

AFTER Portugal had discovered them (remember Vasco da Gama)

Pope suggested drawing an imaginary line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

Treaty of Tordessillas

What was Columbus’ goal?Who funded his mission?Explain the Treaty of Tordessillas.

Review

After Vasco da Gama, Portugal built a trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean.

The Dutch East India Trading CompanyHad power to mint money, make treaties, and

raise armiesThe Netherlands along with England eroded

Portuguese control of Asiahttp://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_survey0

5/secured/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/whs05_019_534.html

Trading Empires

1500 – 1800, Europeans battled for control over Southeast Asia

They also began to conquer this region

British and French Traders

3 – things you learned2 – things you want to learn more about1 – thing you have a question about

Summary

What was the early role of Spain in the Americas?

How has the influenced lasted and shaped the Americas today?

Essential Question(s)

It took Columbus nearly two months to reach land

He had not discovered a new sea route to Asia…

Her had actually reached an island in the Caribbean Sea Scholars think was the BahamasWhy did he call the native inhabitants that he

encountered “los indios?”

More Christopher Columbus

Columbus was granted permission/funds for three more tripsNo longer as an explorer but now as an Empire

builderHis mission was to start colonies

Territories controlled by another nation

Columbus

Columbus

1. What was Columbus looking for?2. What did he actually discover?3. On his later voyages, what was Columbus’

goal?4. What was Magellan's men/ships the first to

do?

Review

Explorer Year Nation Importance

Pedro Alvares Cabral

1500 Portugal Claimed Brazil for Portugal

Amerigo Vespucci

1501 Italian in service of Portugal

Claimed land was not part of Asia but of a “New World;” America named after him

Vasco Nunez Balboa

1513 Spain Marched across Panama to become the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

Other Explorers

Spanish ExplorerIn 1519, he set out to sail into the waters of

the Pacific and find the East IndiesMagellan reached the Philippines and was

killedHis crew continued to sail towards home

Only 1 ship of 5 made it and 18 of 250 menThe were the first persons to circumnavigate

the globeWhat does “circumnavigate” mean?

Ferdinand Magellan

The Ballad of Magellan

Spanish Explorers lured by rumors of riches

Carved out colonies in what would become Mexico, South America, and the United States

What was the result?Tremendous Spanish

influence in the New World

The Conquistadors

Name one explorer and his importance?

Review

Conquered the Aztecs in 1521Motivated by gold and richesOnly 600 men killed thousands of AztecsMany killed by disease

Hernando Cortes

Conquered the Incas in 1532Pizzarro’s army of 200 killed roughly 30,000

Inca warriors lead by Atahualpa

Francisco Pizzarro

http://www.history.com/videos/gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest#gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest

Settlers mixed with native peoples creating mestizo – mixed community

The Spanish were also oppressive rulersEncomienda - Landlords purchased the labor of

the native peoples from the Spanish government

Spain creates and empire

By the 16th Century, Spain is the richest, most powerful nation in the World

Explorers push north into what is now the United StatesPonce De Leon – claimed Florida for Spain in

1513Coronado – lead an expedition through what is

now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas

Santa Fe, New Mexico founded by Catholic Priests in early 17th Century

The Spanish Empire

What is the importance of the Spanish Empire today?

Who were the Conquistadors and what was their motivation?

Review

Summarize today’s material in one word!

Chapter 20.2

How did the settlement of North America take place?

How does this shape the United States today?

Essential Questions

France, England, and the Netherlands claim land in North America!

Other European Nations stake a claim

Samuel De Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence with 32 colonists and founded QuebecQuebec became the base for France’s North

American holdings

New France

JamestownFounded in 1607First successful English colony7 out of 10 dies of hunger, starvation and

disease

England won’t be left out

PilgrimsCalvinists – What did Calvinists believe?Founded the Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts)

in 1620Fled Europe to exercise greater religious

freedomPuritans

Calvinists – were against the Anglican church… why?

Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

Pilgrims and Puritans

Henry HudsonEnglishmen in service of the NetherlandsWas searching for a Northwest sea route to

AsiaEnded up explorer the waterways of the

American North EastThe Dutch also colonized a great deal of the

Caribbean

The Dutch

Before and after the French and Indian War

European Powers go to war in North America

Many battles fought between colonists and Native Americans

King Phillips WarMetacom (also known as King Phillip) leads an

attack on colonists in MassachusettsColonists respond with massacre

Massacres on both sides

Fighting with Native Americans

Chapter 20.3