3a. what was the goal of the patroon system? to attract settlers 3b. what three middle colonies...
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3a. What was the goal of the patroon system?
to attract settlers
3b. What three Middle Colonies offered Religious freedom?
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York
3c. What were three crops grown in the Southern Colonies?
rice, indigo, tobacco
Read “The Middle
Colonies” on p. 83
What attracted Catholics, Quakers, and Jews to these
colonies?
What economic activities were important in the Middle
Colonies?
New YorkNew York
Settling the Middle ColoniesSettling the Middle Colonies
Henry Hudson’s Voyages
Henry Hudson’s Voyages
New NetherlandsNew Netherlands
New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624) Established by Dutch West India
Company for quick-profit fur trade.
Manhattan [New Amsterdam]
Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.
New Amsterdam, 1660
New Amsterdam, 1660
Characteristics of New Amsterdam: Patroon system - estates granted to a
person who would settle 50 people on them.
A diverse population with many different languages.
New Netherlands &New Sweden
New Netherlands &New Sweden
Swedes in New Netherlands
Swedes in New Netherlands1655 Dutch under governor
Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden.
New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.
New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal
Colony
New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal
ColonyKing Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]
1664 English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor
defenses.
Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.
Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between
her northern & southern colonies.
England now controlled the Atlantic coast!
Duke of York’s Original Charter
Duke of York’s Original Charter
New Amsterdam, 1664
New Amsterdam, 1664
Dutch influence in New York
Dutch influence in New YorkEarly 20c Dutch Revival
Building in NYC.
New York Cityseal.
Names Harlem, Brooklyn
Architecture gambrel roof
Customs Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].
Summarize the population of New York:
Settled by Dutch, overtaken by the English . Germans, Swedes also settled there - A diverse population & culture.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.
They offended religious & political leaders in England.
Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.
Believed all were equal before God – no special priveledges.
Pacifists – against war, violence
1681 he received agrant from king toestablish a colony.
Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].
William PennWilliam Penn
Royal Land Grant to Penn
Royal Land Grant to Penn
Penn & Native Americans
Penn & Native Americans
Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.
Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.
Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans
Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans
Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian Society
Attracted many different people Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.
No military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!
A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty,
& religious freedom!!
Urban Population Growth
1650 - 1775
Urban Population Growth
1650 - 1775
Summarize religious freedom of Pennsylvania:
Religious differences were tolerated
Summarize Pennsylvania’s relations with Native Americans:
• Relatively friendly, because of the influence of Quaker beliefs.
New JerseyNew
Jersey
New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor
New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor
1664 proprietors (Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berleley received the area from the Duke of York.
Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly.
How did New Jersey attract settlers (its charter)?
Proprietors – Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berkeley
Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a
representative assembly.
DelawareDelaware
Delaware — PA’s NeighborDelaware — PA’s Neighbor
Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].
1704 Penn granted 3 lower counties its own assembly.
Later broke away to form the colony of Delaware.
1.
Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies
Tobacco uses up soil Nutrients in 3 or 4 years.
2.
3.
4.
Bring in more slaves & indentured servants
The Proprietors in the Carolinas need more settlers.
Colonists overthrow the Proprietors, & the Carolinas became royal colonies
Clear new land & plant a new crop
Plantation owners face a labor shortage for their tobacco & rice crops.
Religious tolerance, free land, & representative govt.
Proprietors in the Carolinas do not protect the colonists very well.
5. James Oglethorpe foundsGeorgia for debtors & thepoor.
6.
7.
8.
Spanish attack the English colonies from Florida
Colonists in Georgia envy the wealth in the Carolina.
Poor settlers move West to the frontier.
Debtors & poor people in England need a fresh start.
Bring a large free population to Georgia to own & defend the land.
Slavery is legalized in Georgia.
Poor settlers lose their land to wealthy Landowners.
Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies
In your notebooks, list the 5 Southern Colonies:
1.2.3.4.5.
Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies
What present day states made up the
Southern colonies?
Ch. 3.3 The Southern Colonies
Today’s target:
1) Describe the settlement of the southern colonies
MarylandMaryland
Toleration Act of 1649
Guaranteed freedom to all CHRISTIANS.
A Colony for Catholics
And . . .
A Colony for Catholics
And . . .
What kind of society was planned for Maryland?
A charter wasgranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Baltimore, in 1632.
A proprietary colony created in 1634 for Catholics
A better locationthan Jamestown – why?
Tobacco would be the main crop.
In the late 1600s, black slaves began to be imported.
The Settlement of Maryland
The Settlement of Maryland
Colonization of Maryland
Colonization of Maryland
St Mary’s City (1634)St Mary’s City (1634)
Currency in Early Maryland
Currency in Early Maryland
MD Toleration Act, 1649MD Toleration Act, 1649
The Carolinas
The Carolinas
Charles II rewarded 8 supporters from the English Civil War a grant of land named
“Carolina”
Settling the “Lower South”
Settling the “Lower South”Settlers from
Virginia
Settlers from West Indies
From The West Indies to Mainland America
From The West Indies to Mainland America
1670 a group of small English farmers from the West Indies (Barbados) arrived in Carolina & French Protestants Native American land was taken & they
were sold into slavery.
By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.
Port of Charles Town, SC
Port of Charles Town, SC
Also named for King Charles II of England.
Became the busiest port in the South.
Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.
The primary export.
Rice - was still an exotic food in England. Was grown in Africa,
so planters imported West African slaves.
These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.
Crops of the Carolinas: Rice
Crops of the Carolinas: Rice
American Long Grain Rice
Crops of theCarolinas:
Indigo
Crops of theCarolinas:
Indigomain use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads
Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.
Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-
1775
Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-
1775
The Emergence of North Carolina
The Emergence of North CarolinaNorthern part of Carolina shared a
border with VA Dissenters from VA moved south to
northern Carolina.
1712 NC officially separated from SC.
GeorgiaGeorgia
18c Southern Colonies
18c Southern Colonies
Late-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming Georgia
Founded in 1733.
Last of the 13 colonies.
Named in honor of King George II.
Founded by James Oglethorpe.
Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony
Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyChief Purpose of Creating Georgia:
Became a royal colony to serve as a “buffer” between the Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.
Export silk and wine.
A place for debtors thrown into prison.
The Port City of Savannah
The Port City of Savannah
Diverse community. All Christians except Catholics enjoyed
religious toleration.
Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians.