3a_relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass
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Relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass
The mole and the number of particles
The mole and the mass of substances
The mole and the volume of gas
Chemical formulae
Chemical equations
Chapter 3
Chemical formulae andEquations
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Relative atomic mass, Ar
Relative atomic mass is the average
mass of one atom of the element
when compared with 1/12 of the massof an atom of carbon-12.
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Calculation ofRelative atomic Mass
Example 1Calculate how many times greater is the mass of acarbon atom compared to that of an helium atom ?
[Ar : He, 4 ; C, 12]
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Example 2
Mass of a sulphur atom is 2 times greater than that of the
mass of an oxygen atom. What is the relative atomic
mass for sulphur? [ AR : O,16]
Solution:
Mass of a sulphur atom = 2 x mass of an oxygen atom
ARsulphur = 2 x ARoxygen
= 2 x 16
= 32
Calculation ofRelative atomic Mass
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Example 3
How many magnesium atoms will have the same massas two silver atom?
[AR : Mg,24 ; Ag,108 ]
Solution:
Let the number of magnesium atom = n
Mass of n magnesium atom = mass of 2 silver atomsn x 24 = 2 x 108
n = 2 x 108
24
= 9
Calculation ofRelative atomic Mass
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Relative Molecular Mass (Mr )
The relative molecular mass of a substance is the
average mass of a molecule of the substance
when compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atomof carbon-12
12carbonofatomanofmassthe12
1substanceofmoleculeone
ofmassaverage
Mr
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Calculation of Mr and F r
The term relative molecular mass, Mr can onlybe used for substances that are made up ofmolecules.
For ionic compound, the term relative formulamass, Fr is used
Mror Frcan be calculated by adding up therelative atomic masses of all the atoms present ina molecule of the substance.
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Calculation of Mr or F r
Example 1:
Calculate the molecular mass of water.
[ AR : H,1 ; O, 16]
Solution:
The formula of water is H2O
Mr H2O = 2H + O
= 2(1) + 16
= 18
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Example 2:
Calculate the relative molecular mass of ammonia.
[ AR: N,14 ; H,1 ]Solution:
Formula of ammonia is NH3
Mr of NH3 = N + 3H= 14 + 3(1)
= 17
Calculation of Mr or F r
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Example 3:
Calculate the relative molecular mass of carbondioxide.
[AR : C, 12 ; O,16 ]
Solution:
The formula of carbon dioxide is CO2Mr CO2 = C + 2O
= 12 + 2(16)
= 44
Calculation of Mr or Fr
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Example 4:
Calculate the relative molecular mass of ethanol,C2H5OH.
[ AR: C, 12; H, 1; O,16 ]
Solution:
Mr of C2H5OH = 2C + 5H + O + H
= 2(12) + 5(1) + 16 + 1
= 46
Calculation of Mr or Fr
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Calculation of Mr or Fr
Example 5:
Calculate the relative molecular mass of sodiumchloride
[ AR : Na,23 ; Cl,35.5 ]
Solution:The formula of sodium chloride is NaCl
AR of NaCl = Na + Cl
= 23 + 35.5
= 58.5
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Calculation of Mr or Fr
Example 6
Calculate the relative molecular mass of aluminiumsulphate.
[ AR : Al,27 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]
Solution:
The formula of aluminium sulphate ialahAl2(SO4)3
Mr of Al2(SO4)3 = 2 Al + 3 SO4= 2(27) + 3[ 32 + 4(16) ]
= 342
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Calculation of Mr or Fr
Example 7:
Calculate the relative molecular mass of hydratedcopper(II)sulphate.
[ AR : Cu,64 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]
Solution:
The formula of hydrated copper (II) sulphate isCuSO4.5H2O
Fr of CuSO4. 5H2O = Cu + S + 4O + 5H2O
= 64 + 32 + 4(16) + 5[2(1) +16]
= 250