3D Photorealistic ModelBuilding, Visualizing and Analyzing

Carlos Aiken

aiken@utdallas.edu

CyberMapping Laboratory

INTERFACE Facility

Hardware•Four GPS Leica RTK

•Four GPS Topcon RTK

•Trimble GeoXT

•Trimble GeoXH

•Two Topcon Total Station

•Two Laser Atlanta Advantage

•Riegl LPM scanner

•Five Micro Laptops

•Geowall System

•Thirteen workstation desktop

•One HP Design Jet Plotter

Software

•Polyworks•GoCad•ArcGIS•RiScan•OpenSceneGraph•MatLab•ERDAS•ENVI•In House software

GDT

•AutoCAD•Microstation•3D Studio Max•SiroVision•Photo Modeler

Study Locations

Research

• Inaccessible Areas (Gull, Ireland)• Dangerous Environments (Railway Cut, Plano, Texas, USA)• Non Geosciences Applications (Mockingbird Tunnel, Dallas , Texas)

We have built and analyzed 3D photorealistic Models at more than twenty Locations

Virtual Reality Systems

Red and Blue Glasses 3D Glasses

Shutter Glasses

GeoWall System

Cave System Setup

Cave System Application

Building 3D Photorealistic Models

Laser Scanning Approach

Creating 3D Models Using Ground Laser Scanning

GPSGlobal

coordinate system

CamerasTaking high

resolution photos

ScannersCapturing the

data

Integration of 3D Photorealistic Model and GPR

Intermediate results:point clouds with or without color

– Point clouds lose feature definition when zoomed in especially colors

– But is fast and has its uses

+=

Combining photographs with 3D mesh modelSlick Hills, OK.

3D triangulated mesh Photograph

Draping photograph on top of the model3D photorealistic model

Intermediate results:Photographs draped on triangulated mesh

– Photographs draped on triangulated mesh keep feature definition when zoomed in.

Integration of 3D Photorealistic Model and GPR

Note the leakage in the tunnels

DART light rail tunnel (southbound, Mockingbird Station, Dallas)

Twin bus tunnels, Boston, Mass.

Tunnel Mapping and Monitoring

Building 3D Photorealistic Models

Photogrammetry Approach

Data CollectionData CollectionRange Finder

Total StationTwo camera setup

Two camera setupReference RTK Point

Survey DataSurvey Data

Camera Positions

Reflector PositionsControl PointsControl Points

Total Station

Reference RTK Point

Camera Position and Image DataCamera Position and Image Data3D Image3D Image

Image Spatial DataImage Spatial Data

SiroVision – Construct 3D ModelConstruct 3D Model

The 4 points define area of interest.

Next is a 3D Model = Two 100% overlapping photosNext is a 3D Model = Two 100% overlapping photos

Creating 3D Models Using SIROVISION (CSIRO, Australia) Photogrammetry only.

Objective: integrate concept with Cybermapping

3D Model3D Model

Importing 3D Photorealistic Models

into ArcGIS

Why Importing 3D Models into ArcGIS Platform?

Most of the 3D viewers can handle single precision coordinate.

ArcGIS can handle single and double precision coordinate.

ArcGIS can link attributes to geospatial features.

GIS format and ArcGIS are widely used.

Easy to customize and build new tools.

Can display feature with different coordinate projection in same viewer.

Compatible with many file formats.

Scanner VS UTM Coordinates

Most 3D commercial

software cannot correctly

utilize double precision

coordinates leading to

errors.

Note the incorrect point distribution in polyworks3D viewer

The mesh from incorrect point distribution in Adobe 3D viewer

Final Product:• 3D model as multipatch• 3D model as polygons and has this information on its attribute table

• Strike/Dip, Centroid of X, Y, Z, I, J, K and area for each triangle

GDT, GeoConverter

Analyzing 3D Photorealistic Models

Extracting Bedding in a

UnsafeEnvironment

(active railway)

Encoder

Micro Laptop

Laserrangefinder Field Work

(A, B) The outline of the horst fault plane aligned on each side of the fault and extended (extruded) from north side of the cut to the south side. (C, D) Each side of the fault plane filled with color. (E) The planes align the faults on both sides of the cut indicating acceptable accuracy and the interpretation that thetwo sides of horst are indeed one in the same.

(A, B) The outline of the horst fault plane aligned on each side of the fault and extended (extruded) from north side of the cut to the south side. (C, D) Each side of the fault plane filled with color. (E) The planes align the faults on both sides of the cut indicating acceptable accuracy and the interpretation that thetwo sides of horst are indeed one in the same.

Extracting Bedding in a Unsafe Environment (active railway)

Strike

Dip

Green SurfaceStrike = 270 Dip = 23Number of points = 27

Studying rocks in inaccessible area

(Gull Island, Ireland)(wave hazards)

Red SurfaceStrike = 270 Dip = 22Number of points = 36

Strike

Dip

Strike/Dip as point on the center of the selecting area.

Strike/Dip as plane on the selecting area.

Lab Work, Calculating Strike/Dip

Attribute table of Strike/Dip point and polyline shapefile-9999999 indicates no data

Lab Work, Calculating Strike/Dip

Trend/Plunge as point on the center of the selecting 2 Strike/Dip planes.

Trend/Plunge as line on the center of the selecting 2 Strike/Dip planes.

Lab Work, Calculating Trend/Plunge

Attribute table of Trend/Plunge point and polygon shapefile-9999999 indicates no data

Lab Work, Calculating Trend/Plunge

Lab Work, Project Linear Feature

Lab Work, Classification

Classified model and its attribute

Lab Work, Distance to plane

Compute Distance point to a

plane

Field Work, Build Arbitrary Rectangle or Line

Build arbitrary rectangle for a

strike and dip from data that

collected in the field or extracted

from the 3D model.

Build arbitrary line for a trend

and plunge from data that

collected in the field or extracted

from the 3D model.

Analyzed model

Final Products

Final Products