IMPRESSION 3D ET PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE :

QUELS DÉFIS? QUELLES QUELS DÉFIS? QUELLES STRATÉGIES?Prof. Thierry Rayna

Dr Ludmila Striukova

3DPrintShow Paris 2014

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About the speakers…Prof. Thierry Rayna

Professeur d’Économie

Novancia Business School Paris

Imperial College London

e!mail : trayna@novancia.fr

Twitter : @ThierryRayna

Dr Ludmila StriukovaMaître de Conférence en Management

Department of Management Science & Innovation

University College London

e!mail : l.striukova@ucl.ac.uk

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3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing Research Group

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Axes de rechercheBusiness Models

Écosystèmes d’innovation

Stratégies

Études de marché et prévisions

Gestion de la Propriété Intellectuelle

Impact économique et prospective

Politiques publiques

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Technologie

Coût1980 … 2000 2010… …2020

#20K #1K #500

Polym

ères

#200K

Plastic A!iages

Sucre

Chocolat

Ce!ules

Céramique

…#100…

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ET LA PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE DANS TOUT

ÇA?

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3D Sc

anne

r 3D Printer

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No, but if I could download a copy, I would

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Nous pensons que le prochain stade en terme de copie passera du numérique au format physique. Nous parlons là d ’objets physiques,

où comme nous les appelons, « Physibles"». Nous pensons que le future du partage est lié au partage de données d ’objets physiques. Nous pensons à noue renommer temporairement « The Product Bay »

Janvier 2012

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Les bons vieux jours du disque© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Les nouveaux jours du disque ?© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

# 3,499

# 3,500

Compétences et connaissances incarnées dans :

l’objet

l’individu

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QUELLE PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE POUR

L’IMPRESSION 3D ?

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PI pour l’impression 3D

Brevets

Droit d’auteur $copyright%

Dessins et modèles industriels $Design rights%

Marque commerciale $Trademark%

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BrevetsHabituellement pour des objets complexes

De petites pièces peuvent être imprimées et assemblées pour former ou réparer un produit breveté

Imprimer des pièces de rechange, est!ce une infraction ?

Pas clair

Réparation légale ou production illégale ?

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Droit d’auteur (en général)Objets protégés par droit d’auteur si “artistiques” $sculptures, etc.%

Ne protège pas les objets fonctionnels

Le droit d’auteur peut néanmoins protéger la surface d’un objet

Est!ce un casque ? Un chapeau ?© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Droit d’auteur (œuvre artistique)

Infraction même sans connaissance ou intention

Il y a infraction au droit d’auteur également lorsque qu’une partie substantielle $et non la totalité% d’une œuvre est copiée

Un consommateur qui copie une œuvre artistique en l’imprimant commet une infraction.

Mais est!ce applicable ? Droit à la copie privée

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Dessins et modèles industriels

Souvent le plus utile pour l’impression 3D

Droit le plus présent dans les objets de tous les jours

Infraction même sans connaissance ou intention

Mais, pas d’infraction lorsque :

copie privée à des fins non!commerciales

fin commerciale mais en relation à des pièces de rechange

Pas d’infraction si copie d’un modèle protégé permettant la compatibilité avec un autre modèle.

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Design rights

Type Durée

Europe

U.S.

Japan

Design rights & 25 ans* $enregistré%15 ans $sans enregistrement%

Design patents 15 ans

Design rights 15 ans

* Renouvellement tous les 5 ans© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Marques

Quand une marque apparait sur un objet copié, l’auteur de la copie enfreint potentiellement le droit de marque

Infraction même sans connaissance ou intention

Mais, pour que l’infraction soit caractérisée, la marque doit être utilisée dans le cadre d’un échange commercial

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EST-CE QUE ÇA MARCHE ?LA PI SUR LES PLATEFORMES

LÉGALES

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Une escouade de 10 Space Marines coûte 30'Imprimer 10 Space Marines coûte environ 0,75'

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Shapeways vs. Thingiverse

Inspiration ?

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+ =

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Typology of Co-creationDi(erentiated

Integrated

MassCustom

Crowdfunding

Crowdsourcing

User Manufacturing

Crowd$customisation

Co$design platforms Open Source

INPU

T

OUTPUT

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LEÇONS DU PASSÉ

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Leçon nº1 :Quand quelque chose devient numérique,

il y a toujours du piratage

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Leçon nº2 :Ni la technologie ni la loi (seuls) ne

peuvent empêcher le piratage

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Leçon nº3 :On ne peut pas empêcher le piratage,

mais on peut l’éviter…

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Leçon nº3 :On ne peut pas empêcher le piratage,

mais on peut l’éviter…

Avec le bon Business Model !

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L’Économie NumériqueTerre d’opportunités

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L’Économie NumériqueCe que tout le monde fait $ou presque !%

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L’industrie du disque$2000 ) 2010%

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L’Économie NumériqueCe que Google fait

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L’Économie NumériqueCe que nous devons faire

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L’Aïkido de l’Économie Numérique

Arrêtons nager à contre courant

Utilisons la force du courant à notre avantage...

... sans nuire aux consommateurs

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+

+

+

+

{ }

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QUEL RÔLE POUR LES ENTREPRISES ?

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ENTREPRISES = GARDIENS

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Utiliser la force…

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Utiliser la force…

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Utiliser la force…

Certification service

Micropayment

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Nouvelle stratégie : Partage contractuel

Authoriser l’utilisation au moyen de contrats de licence standardisés

Droits de licence homogènes et abordables

Mise en place d’une méthode de paiement et de vérification simplifiée

Constructeurs et fabricants de logiciels pourraient o(rir une telle licence

Vérification de l’usage

La licence peut être révoquée en cas d’usage inadéquat

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Mieux vaut une petite part d’un grand gâteau qu’une grande part de rien

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Questions?trayna@novancia.fr

@ThierryRayna

l.striukova@ucl.ac.uk

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