3.ecl fi abap abapdictionary objects

PricewaterhouseCoopers

ABAP Dictionary Objects

Tables

Views

Data Elements

Domains

Search Help

Lock Objects

Using a Table in an ABAP Program


Basic Objects of the ABAP Data Dictionary

Table CTable BTable A

Data Element 1 Data Element 2

DomainDomain


Tables

TABLE KNA1TABLE KNA1(Customers)(Customers)

Name 1 ORT 02MANDT KUNNRTable: KNA1Table: KNA1


Create a Table

Enter a description (short text).

Maintain delivery class

Table Maintenance attributes


Create a Table

Maintain field attributes


Two-Level Domain Concept

Data Element 1 Data Element 2

DomainDomain


Data Elements

Table BTable A

Data Element 1


Pre-Defined Data Elements


Data Element Documentation


Create Data Element


Enter domain name.


Create Data Element

Maintain field labels and column headers.


Domains

Table ATable A

Data ElementsData Elements

DomainDomain


Characteristics of Domains

Table ATable A

Data ElementsData Elements

DomainDomain


Allowed Values

Value Table

DomainDomain DomainDomain

JanuaryFebruaryMarch . . . . . . .December


validvalues

invalidvalues

Benefits of Using Allowed Values


Create a Domain


Enter data type and length.


Create a Domain

Explicit values or a valuetable may be entered.


Using a Table in Program Code

TABLES:YEMPLOY.

SELECT *FROM YEMPLOY.

WRITE:/ YEMPLOY-IDYEMPLOY-NAMEYEMPLOY-SALARY

ENDSELECT.


Foreign Key Relationships

Definition & Uses of Foreign Keys

Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships

Key Terminology

Cardinality and Foreign Key Field Types

Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields


Definition of Foreign Keys


Uses of Foreign Keys

Maintain data integrity

Provide help texts

Create aggregate dictionary objects


Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships

The foreign key field and the primary key of the check table must share the same domain.

A value table must exist for that domain.


Check TableCheck Table

Value TableValue Table

Foreign Keys: Key Terminology

Foreign Key TableForeign Key Table


Let’s review some of the key terminology relating to foreign keys.Value table: The table containing the set of allowed values attached to a domain.Check table: The table that is referenced by a foreign key. A check table is either identical to a value table, or is another table containing a subset of the records in a value table.Foreign key table: The table containing fields that are the primary key of the other table. The foreign key table is also known own as the “dependent” or “child” table.


EXAMPLE:

For example, suppose a telephone company stores general customer information in the CUSTOMERS table and stores specialised information about business customers in the BUSINESS_CUSTOMERS table.

Suppose that there was also a BUSINESS_OWNERS table that listed the owners of all business customers. The BUSINESS_OWNERS table might consist of two fields: Customer ID and the name of each individual owner.

In this case, we would establish a foreign key relationship between the BUSINESS_OWNERS table and the BUSINESS-CUSTOMERS table.

The value table for the customer ID field in the BUSINESS_OWNERS table would be the CUSTOMERS table, but the check table would be the BUSINESS_CUSTOMERS table.

The foreign key table would be the BUSINESS_OWNERS table.


Creating a Foreign Key Relationship

Foreign key push-button


Cardinality

n n : : m m1

C

1

C

N

CN

djnsh338


When creating foreign key relationships, you should always specify the cardinality of that relationship. Here is a reminder of the possible values for each side of the n : m notation that SAP uses to specify cardinality. For a fuller review of cardinality, see Chapter 2.For the left side:n = 1 Each record in the foreign key table refers to exactly one record in the check table.n = C Each record in the foreign key table refers to zero or one records in the check table.For the right side:m = 1 Each record in the check table has exactly one

dependent record. m = C Each record in the check table has a zero or one

dependent records. m = N Each record in the check table has at least one

dependent record. m = CNEach record in the check table has zero, one, or many dependent entities.


Maintaining a Foreign Key Relationship’s Attributes

Check table(defaults tovalue table)


Maintain cardinality n : m

Maintain foreignkey type


Foreign Key Field Type:

The foreign key field type indicates whether the foreign key fields belong to the primary key (or a candidate key) of the foreign key table.

A candidate key is a field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies a record, but it is not necessarily the primary key of that table. (In some tables, there are multiple candidates for the primary key, but only one combination can be selected to be the primary key.)

Key Fields of a Text Table are a special instance of Key Fields or Key Field Candidates. An additional condition in this case is that the dependent table is a language-dependent text table for the referenced table. The key of the text table is composed of the key of the referenced table and a language key.

For example, the table T005T contains language-dependent descriptions of country codes. The key fields of this table are client (MANDT), language key (SPRAS), and country key (LAND1). The foreign key type of the foreign key on the field LAND1 is Key Fields of a Text Table. This is because LAND1 and SPRAS (the language key) are both part of the primary key of T005T.

Foreign key fields that do not belong to the identifying fields of the foreign key table are of the type: Non-key Field Candidates.


ABAP Dictionary Tablesin Relational Databases

SAP Table Types

Technical Settings

Indexes


SAP Table Types

Transparent Table (TRANSP) Structure (INTTAB)

Pool Table Cluster Table

View


Transparent TablesType = TRANSP

Master DataMaster Data


Table Types TRANSPin the Database

DB

PROFILE


Pool Tables: Overview


Cluster Tables : Overview


Technical Settings

Master Transaction

Organization & Customizing

User

Data class

Number of data records in DB storage

Single records, generic, full, not buffered

on or off

Size category

Buffering

Log data changes


Master data User data

Data Class

Organization and Customizing dataTransaction data

DB


Size Categories


Buffering Type

None

Single Record Generic

Full

KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6 KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6

KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6


Maintaining Technical Settings


Table Logging

Transaction code : SCU3


Table Index: Primary Index


Table Index: Secondary Index


ABAABAP P DictiDictionaronar

yy

DB

Database Utility


ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views

Definition

Relational operations

Types of views

Using a view in program code


What is a View?


The Most Basic Form of a View


The Relational Operations

Table 2Selection

View BView B

Table 1Projection

View View AA

View CView C

JoinTable 4Table 4Table 3Table 3


The Projection Operation

Projection

View AView A

Table 1


Specifying Projected Fields

Can use any name if database view, Can use any name if database view, otherwise must be same name as table field.otherwise must be same name as table field.

Indicate actual table Indicate actual table Fields and data elements.Fields and data elements.


The Selection Operation

Selection

View BView B

Table 2

Example:Staff Level <= 3


Specifying Selection Criteria

1 3 52 4

Can include unprojected fields


The Join Operation

Table Table 33

Join

Table Table 44

View CView C


Inner Join & Outer Join


ID Salary Date Effective

5579 $10,000.00 10/1/91

5579 $11,000.00 10/1/92

5579 $12,000.00 10/1/94

5579 $13,000.00 10/1/96

Understanding the Join Operation

ID Name …

EmployeeEmployee

SalarySalary

Right


The Join Operation and Foreign Keys

View CView C

Join

Table 4Table 4Table 3Table 3Primary Secondary


Specifying Joined Fields

Hit button to see related tables and Hit button to see related tables and automatically generate join conditions.automatically generate join conditions.

Indicate base tables that data will come from.Indicate base tables that data will come from.


Types of Views in the ABAPDictionary

Database View

Projection View

Help View

Maintenance View


The Database View


The Projection View


Help View


Maintenance ViewTransaction : SM30, SE54


Using a View in Program Code

TABLES: YXXEMP_V.

SELECT *FROM YXXEMP_V.

WRITE: / YXXEMP_V-EMP_IDYXXEMP_V-LAST_NAME,YXXEMP_V-FIRST_NAME.

ENDSELECT.


Overview of Search Helps

Benefits of Search Helps

Elementary Search Helps

Collective Search Helps

Search Help Exits


The Benefits of Search Helps

What was Smith’sWhat was Smith’s vendor number, vendor number,

anyway?anyway?

F4F4


Elementary vs. Collective

CollectiveCollectiveSearch HelpSearch Help

EElleemmeennttaarryy

11

Field H

Field B

Field K


22

Field Z

Field O


33

Field A


44

Field RField XField BField OField Q


Creating an Elementary Search Help

Create search help from Dictionary pushbutton on Create search help from Dictionary pushbutton on workbench, or from within Repository Browser.workbench, or from within Repository Browser.


Defining an Elementary Search Help

OptiOptional onal exitexit

Hit List Hit List Display Display MethodMethod

Used to Used to identify identify

search helpsearch help

Data source Data source for hit listfor hit list

Interface Interface ParameteParamete

rsrs


Defining an Elementary Search Help - Interface Parameters

Parameters for values you Parameters for values you want to send and receivewant to send and receive

Declaration of parameters Declaration of parameters as import and/or exportas import and/or export

Parameter is display onlyParameter is display only

Data element associatedData element associatedwith parameterwith parameter

Position parameterPosition parameterwill be on hit listwill be on hit list Position parameter will Position parameter will

be on dialog boxbe on dialog box

Optional defaultOptional defaultfor parameterfor parameter


Assigning an Elementary Search Help - Priority Levels

TableTable

Data ElementData Element

FieldField


Using Elementary Search Helps

F4F4


Defining a Collective Search Help - Interface

Notice there is no selection method. Notice there is no selection method. AA

collective search help is a set of one collective search help is a set of one oror

more elementary search helps.more elementary search helps.


Defining a Collective Search Help -Adding Elementary Search Helps

Don’t forget to assign parameters Don’t forget to assign parameters for each elementary search help.for each elementary search help.


Using a Collective Search Help

F4F4

Only difference from Only difference from Before - toggle tab Before - toggle tab

between elementary between elementary Search helps.Search helps.


Lock Object

Naming Convention : Starts with “E”

Lock Object will generate 2 function modules:

ENQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME>

DEQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME>

Setting & Releasing Lock:

Setting the lock :Call function ENQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME>UPDATE < LOBJ.NAME>

Releasing the lock:Call function DEQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME>


Lock Object Details


Lock Objects Parameters

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